Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe, kaamba ka komwe kumakhala kuchepa kwa insulin mthupi la munthu. Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndi kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyenera.
Matendawa amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha chiwonetsero cha matenda omwe amayambira, pomwe chithokomiro kapena kapamba, tiziwalo ta adrenal, gland pituitary ndi zina.
Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika ngati wodwala amwa mankhwala aliwonse. Kwakukulu, matenda ashuga sangatenge kachilomboka;
Kutengera mtundu wamatenda, mitundu iwiri ya shuga imasiyanitsidwa.
- Mtundu woyamba wa matenda amathandizidwa ndi kupatsidwa insulin tsiku lililonse mthupi. Matendawa amafanana kwambiri ndi ana komanso achinyamata.
- Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kapena osadalira insulini, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa okalamba.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha mapangidwe a matendawa chimawonedwa ngati kuphwanya chitetezo cha mthupi. Matendawa amakhala nthawi zambiri wodwala atadwala kale matenda opatsirana, kuphatikizapo chiwindi, rubella, mumps ndi ena.
Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, ma virus amakhala ndi zowononga zama cell a pancreatic.
Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtundu wa shuga kawiri kawiri zimayamba kulemera, chifukwa chaichi, madokotala amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala apadera kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri.
Matendawa amayamba kuwoneka m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Amayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tulo, amatopa, amatuluka thukuta kwambiri, komanso kumayamwa pafupipafupi.
- Tsitsi la mwamunayo limayamba kugwa, kuyabwa pakhungu kumawonedwa, odwala nthawi zambiri amamwa kwambiri.
- Ana amachepetsa thupi kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe amafunsidwira amafunsidwa kuti amwe, ndipo amakonda kukodza pafupipafupi.
Ngati matenda a shuga sangalandiridwe, matendawa amatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoopsa komanso ngakhale kufa kwakanthawi. Matenda a shuga amayambitsa matenda amitsempha yambiri, matenda a ziwonetsero zam'maso, kulephera kwa impso, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kumayambitsa kumangika.
Kuphwanya kwakukulu ndikuwonjezereka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Pakadali pano, kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse hyperglycemia kapena kupewa hypoglycemic coma pambuyo pake kumatha kudzetsa matenda oopsa.
Pofuna kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kumwa mankhwalawa, pali njira yatsopano yochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 wokhala ndi maselo otulutsa.
Njira yofananira imathetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kuchepetsa shuga. Kuphatikiza njirayi imawerengedwa kuti yothandiza pakuwonetsa hypoglycemia ndi mitundu yonse yazotsatira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a tsinde pochiza matendawa
Kutengera mtundu wamatendawa, adotolo amayambitsa kupatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kuyambitsa insulin, kudya mwachangu, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira yatsopano ndikuthandizira matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi maselo a tsinde.
- Njira yofananayo imakhazikitsidwa ndikusinthidwa kwa maselo a pancreatic owonongeka ndi maselo a tsinde. Chifukwa cha izi, chiwalo chamkati chowonongeka chimabwezeretseka ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito moyenera.
- Makamaka, chitetezo chokwanira chimalimbikitsidwa, mitsempha yatsopano ya magazi imapangidwa, ndipo yakale imatha kubwezeretsanso ndikupanga mphamvu.
- Pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, shuga m'magazi amatuluka, chifukwa chomwe adokotala amachotsa mankhwalawo.
Kodi maselo olimbitsa thupi ndi ati? Amakhalapo m'thupi lililonse ndipo amafunikira kukonza ziwalo zowonongeka zamkati.
Komabe, chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha maselowa chimachepetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe thupi limayamba kuwona kusowa kwazinthu zomwe zingabwezeretse zowonongeka zamkati.
M'mankhwala amakono, aphunzira kupanga kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zikusoweka. Zimafalitsidwa mu ma labotale, pambuyo pake zimayambitsidwa m'thupi la wodwalayo.
Pambuyo pa masentimita a tsinde atalumikizidwa ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawonongeka, timasinthidwa kukhala maselo othandiza.
Kodi ma cell omwe amathandizira amatha bwanji?
Pa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira, ndikotheka kubwezeretsa gawo limodzi la kapamba wowonongeka, komabe, izi ndizokwanira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyendetsedwa tsiku lililonse.
Kuphatikiza ndi thandizo la maselo a tsinde, ndizotheka kuchotsa zovuta zamtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga.
Mu diabetic retinopathy, retina yowonongeka imabwezeretseka. Izi sizimangothandiza mkhalidwe wa retina, komanso zimathandizira kutuluka kwa ziwiya zatsopano zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amatha kusunga mawonekedwe.
- Mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamakono, chitetezo cha mthupi chimalimbitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe kukana kwa thupi kumatenda ambiri kumakulanso. Chodabwitsachi chimakulolani kuti muimitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu yofewa pamiyendo mu matenda a shuga.
- Ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zaubongo, kusabala, kulephera kwaimpso, njira yodutsitsa maselo a cell imathandizanso.
- Njirayi ili ndi malingaliro ambiri abwino kuchokera kwa madokotala ndi odwala omwe adalandira kale chithandizo.
Ubwino pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi chakuti njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Mukazindikira matendawa munthawi yake, kuonana ndi dokotala ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo, mutha kupewa zovuta zambiri.
Kodi chithandizo cham'mimba chimayenda bwanji?
Mu shuga mellitus, kuyambitsa maselo a tsinde nthawi zambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito catheter kudzera mu mitsempha yam'mimba. Ngati wodwala sakuvomereza catheterization pazifukwa zina, maselo a tsinde amaperekedwa.
- Pachigawo choyamba, m'mphepete mwa mafupa amatengedwa kuchokera kufupa la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga pogwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala. Wodwalayo ali ndi opaleshoni yam'deralo panthawiyi. Pafupifupi, njirayi imatenga osaposa theka la ola. Mpandawo ukapangidwa, wodwalayo amaloledwa kubwerera kwawo ndikuchita zinthu wamba.
- Kuphatikiza apo, maselo amadzimadzi amachokera m'mafupa omwe atengedwa mu labotore. Zachipatala ziyenera kutsatira zonse zofunikira komanso zofunikira zonse. Ubwino wa maselo omwe amachotsedwa amayesedwa mu labotale ndipo chiwerengero chawo chimawerengeredwa. Maselo amenewa amatha kusinthidwa kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana maselo ndipo amatha kukonza maselo owonongeka a zimakhala.
- Maselo amtambo amayikidwa kudzera pancreatic artery pogwiritsa ntchito catheter. Wodwalayo ali mu opaleshoni yakumaloko, catheter imakhala mu chotupa cha akazi ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray scan, imakankhidwira kutsogolo kwa chithokomiro cham'mimba, komwe maselo a tsinde amaphatikizidwa. Njirayi imatenga mphindi zosachepera 90.
Maselo atayika, wodwalayo amayang'aniridwa kwa pafupifupi maola atatu kuchipatala. Dotolo amafufuza momwe mtsempha wam'magazi unachira msanga
Odwala omwe samalekerera catheterization pazifukwa zina amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yochizira.
Maselo a tsinde pamenepa amayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga akudwala matenda a shuga a m'mitsempha, maselo a tsinde amalowetsedwa m'matumbo mwendo ndi jekeseni wamitsempha.
Wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumva kuwonekera kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu atalandira chithandizo. Monga momwe mayesowa akuwonetsera, pambuyo pokhazikitsa maselo a tsinde mwa wodwala, kupanga insulini pang'onopang'ono kumachepa ndipo kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsika.
Kuchiritsa zilonda za trophic ndi vuto la minyewa yamiyendo kumachitikanso, ma cell am'magazi amayenda bwino, zomwe zili hemoglobin komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amwazi kumawonjezeka.
Kuti mankhwalawo akhale othandiza, njira yochizira maselo imabwerezedwa pakapita kanthawi. Kwakukulu, nthawi ya maphunzirowa imadalira kuopsa kwa nthawi ya shuga. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, kuphatikiza kwachikhalidwe chachikhalidwe ndi njira ya tsinde maselo kuyendetsedwa.
Tiyeneranso kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, kutsatira zakudya zochizira kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.
Kutengera ndi zomwe takumana nazo, asayansi ndi madokotala amakhulupirira kuti posachedwa mankhwala othandizira omwe amapanga maselo amatha kukhala njira yayikulu yochira matenda ashuga.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti njira yothandizira mankhwalawa sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati panacea yamatenda.
Ngakhale atawunikiridwa kwambiri madotolo ndi odwala omwe amati maselo amomwe amamuyambitsa maselo amayenda bwino, ena odwala matenda ashuga alibe zotsatira pambuyo pa chithandizo chotere.
Izi ndichifukwa choti tekinoloje yatsopanoyi ndi yatsopano komanso yosamveka bwino. Ofufuzawo sanadziwe chomwe chimatsogolera kuti ntchito yodzidziwitsa payekha ikhale, zomwe masisitimu a stem amagwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe kusintha kwa mitundu ina yamaselo kumadalira.
