Kasitomala wa munthu amapanga kuchuluka kwambiri kwa protein.
Ngati pazifukwa zina sikokwanira, ndiye kuti jakisoni wowonjezera wa mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso thanzi.
Zolemba za mankhwala
Hemeni ya insulin ndi mankhwala a protein-peptide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga. Imatha kukopa machitidwe a metabolic mthupi, makamaka pa chakudya.
Chifukwa cha insulini, shuga m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe ake ndi minofu amatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni amalimbikitsa kupanga glycogen ndikuletsa kutembenuka kwa lipids ndi ma amino acid kukhala chakudya.
Gawo lalikulu la insulin limatengedwa kuti litenge ntchito yochepetsa shuga ya 0,045 mg ya crystalline insulin.
The achire zotsatira thupi la odwala matenda ashuga makamaka amagwirizana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa kusokonezedwa mu tsiku ndi tsiku kagayidwe ka lipids ndi chakudya. Insulin imawongolera thanzi la odwala chifukwa chakuti:
- shuga wamagazi amachepa;
- glucosuria (glucose mu mkodzo) ndi acetonuria (kudzikundikira kwa acetone m'magazi) amachotsedwa;
- chiwonetsero cha zovuta zambiri za matenda a shuga (polyarthritis, furunculosis, polyneuritis) amachepetsa.
Ndani amawonetsedwa insulin?
Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus (wodalira insulin). Ngati mungabayikize mahomoni m'mankhwala ocheperako (kuyambira magawo 5 mpaka 10), ndiye kuti amakuthandizani:
- matenda ena a chiwindi;
- acidosis;
- kutayika kwa mphamvu;
- kutopa;
- furunculosis;
- chithokomiro.
Kwambiri, mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ku dermatology. Insulin imatha kulimbana bwino ndi matenda a shuga a chifuwa cha shuga, ziphuphu, khungu, Psoriasis, urticaria, pyoderma yopweteka komanso kuwonongeka kwa yisiti pakhungu.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito insulin muzochita zama psychopsychiatric. Kuphatikiza apo, timadzi timene timagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa chidakwa cha mowa komanso mavuto amanjenje.
Masiku ano, ena mwa mitundu ya matenda a schizophrenia amathandizidwa bwino chifukwa cha insulinocomatosis. Imakhala yokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa mu milingo yotere yomwe ingayambitse kudandaula kwa hypoglycemic.
Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito
Mwambiri milandu, insulin imakhudzana ndi jakisoni wamkati ndi mu mnofu wapakati ndi syringe yapadera. M'mikhalidwe yapadera, mwachitsanzo, mukomoka, imatha kutumikiridwa. Kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa kokha pakhungu.
Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku uyenera kumalilidwa katatu ndipo musanadye (30 mphindi). Mphamvu ya jakisoni woyamba imayamba pambuyo pa mphindi 30-60 ndipo imatenga maola 4 mpaka 8.
Mankhwala akapaka kuthandizira, mankhwalawa amafika pakapita mphindi 20-30 ndipo pakatha mphindi 60 chiwopsezo cha timadzi m'magazi a wodwalayo chimafika msanga.
Kupeza kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mu syringe, zomwe zili mu vial ziyenera kugwedezeka bwino mpaka kuyimitsidwa koyenera.
Pochotsa matenda a shuga ndi inulin, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zapadera. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa ayenera kusankhidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera kwathunthu:
- kukula kwa matendawa;
- kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumachitika mkodzo;
- zambiri za wodwala.
Voliyumu yovomerezeka imasiyana kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 40 magawo patsiku. Mankhwalawa odwala matenda a shuga, Mlingo wa timadzi timadzi tomwe timafunikira tiyenera kuchuluka:
- ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe mpaka 100 mayunitsi;
- kudzera m'mitseko mpaka 50 mayunitsi.
Dongosolo la matenda ashuga limapereka mlingo wa insulin, womwe umasiyana malinga ndi zovuta zake. Zochitika zina zonse zamatenda sizifuna kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimaperekedwa.
Ndani amene sayenera kubayitsa insulin?
Pali mosiyanasiyana contraindication ntchito insulin. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda:
- hepatitis;
- zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba za 12;
- yade;
- kapamba
- matenda a impso;
- matenda a mtima owonongeka.
Zotsatira zoyipa za thupi
Monga ulamuliro, zovuta zimachitika pokhapokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka intravenous kapena subcutaneous, kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumachuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati shuga sanalowe m'thupi, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic ndiwambiri (pomwe glucose imatsikira pamlingo wosavomerezeka).
Nthawi zambiri, insulin yayikulu imayambitsa:
- kugunda kwamtima kwambiri kawirikawiri;
- kufooka kwa minofu;
- kupuma movutikira
- thukuta
- kupulumuka.
M'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa insulin yopanda chiphuphu cha carbohydrate (ngati shuga sanadye) kumatanthauza kutaya chikumbumtima, kukomoka komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.
Kuti muchepetse vutoli mwachangu, ndikofunikira kudyetsa wodwalayo 100 ga mkate wopanda tirigu, tiyi wopanda mkaka kapena supuni ziwiri za shuga wonenepa pokhapokha kuwonekera kwa hypoglycemia.
Ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a shuga, shuga mu mitsempha ndi wokhuthala. Ngati ndi kotheka, shuga angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosadukiza kapena epinephrine akagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zolemba ntchito
Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mtima komanso matenda amitsempha yamagazi ofunikira amafunika chisamaliro chapadera popereka insulin. Potengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi yayitali kumayambiriro a zamankhwala, kupenda mkodzo pafupipafupi ndi magazi a shuga kuyenera kuchitidwa. Izi zipereka mpata wofotokoza nthawi yakukonzekera kwa mahomoni kuti achite bwino.
Monga lamulo, ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati precomatose ndi chikhalidwe cha comatose cha wodwalayo. Ndi ntchito yomweyo ya lipocaine, zotsatira za insulin zimakulanso.
Nthawi zambiri, kuyambitsa chinthu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma syringes apadera. Cholembera chimbale ndichosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, simuyenera kukhala ndi luso, ndipo zoopsa zonse ndizochepa. Ma syringe amenewa amathandizira kuyeza mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawo ndikupanga jakisoni wolondola.
Neutral insulin (sungunuka) imaphatikizanso kuyambitsa kukoka kwa mtsempha. Ndikofunikira kwa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Komabe, mawu oyamba otere atha kukhala osangalatsa.
Ikaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, yankho la isotonic la 40 PIECES limataya kuchokera 60 mpaka 80 peresenti ya chinthucho chifukwa chophatikizidwa ndi zida za chidebe chothetsera ndi kulowetsedwa. Mukamawerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse tiziganizira izi. Muyenera kuwonjezera pa kachitidwe:
- mapuloteni (a insulin ligament);
- plasma albin;
- magazi a wodwalayo mwiniwake (ml zingapo).
Ngati kuyambitsa kudzaphatikizidwa ndi magazi a wodwalayo, ndiye kuti kulumikizana kwa mahomoni ndi zinthuzo sikungachitike, ndipo wodwalayo amalandira kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mankhwalawo. Pankhaniyi, kosavuta kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa njira yothanirana pang'onopang'ono.
Kutulutsidwa, kutulutsa insulini pang'onopang'ono sikugwederera. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya timadzi tosungunuka ndi njirayi idzakhala yofupikira kuposa pansi pakhungu.
Zochita zake zimayamba kale pakadutsa mphindi 15, ndipo nsombazi zimafikiridwa pakati pa mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Zotsatira za insulin zotere zimatha 2 mawola ntchito.
