Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amatha kutchedwa osiyanasiyana, omwe amatchedwa shuga mellitus. Odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa safuna jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin. Ngakhale nthawi zina pamakhala zosiyana, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ayenera kuyamwa insulin.
Amadziwika kuti omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu achikulire. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuphwanya koonekeratu mu metabolism ya wodwala. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa matenda ena osakhazikika a kapamba angayambitsenso kukula kwa matendawa.
Koma posachedwa, madotolo awona malo omwe odwala matendawa amatha kuonekera mwa odwala achichepere kapena ngakhale mwa ana. Izi zimakwiyitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zochitika zachilengedwe mdziko lapansi, komanso kuti achinyamata ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wolakwika, amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda pake, komanso samanyalanyaza maphunziro oyenera.
Kuchokera pamenepa titha kunena kuti chilichonse chomwe chingayambitse shuga. Kuchokera pa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi mpaka kukana kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri chimatha kudwalitsa matenda.
Kodi mtundu wodwala wa shuga ukuwoneka bwanji?
Kuti mupeze chidwi ndi nthawi pakuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, muyenera kuphunzira zomwe zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga zili. Izi ndi:
- kusokonezeka kwa kapamba (kusokonezeka pafupipafupi kwa m'mimba, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, nseru, kusasangalala pambuyo kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri kapena zonunkhira);
- kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi;
- kumangokhala ndi ludzu;
- njala, ngakhale atadya kumene;
- kulumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Awa ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zokha za thupi zomwe zingawonetse kukula kwa matenda a kapamba. Koma ngakhale mutawamvetsera pakapita nthawi, mudzatha kupewa zovuta zina za matenda ashuga.
Amadziwika kuti kapamba amachita ntchito ziwiri zazikulu mthupi la munthu. Mwakutero:
- kupanga kwa madzi a pancreatic, omwe amakhudzidwa mwachindunji kuzinthu zonse zamatumbo zomwe zimakhala m'thupi;
- imapereka insulin katulutsidwe, timadzi timeneti timayambitsa kupezeka kwa glucose moyenera kumaselo onse amthupi la munthu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kudziwika koyambirira kwa zovuta mu ntchito ya thupili kupangitsa kuti pasakhale lakuthwa kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga.
Izi ndizotheka chifukwa chotsatira kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda m'thupi
Pali zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, koma kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndikusokonezeka kwa metabolic komanso kupanga insulin yokwanira.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa pano kuti pa gawo loyambirira la kudwala, ndizovuta kudziwa mfundo yoyamba, chifukwa chitsulo chikugwirabe ntchito ndikupanga kuchuluka kwamahomoni. Nthawi zambiri chinthu choyambirira chimayamba kuwoneka ngati matendawa atenga nthawi yayitali. Koma chifukwa chachikulu ndi mfundo yachitatu. Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.
Chifukwa chake, ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a gawo lachiwiri:
- Zikondamoyo sizitulutsa insulin yokwanira.
- Maselo amthupi amalimbana ndi mahomoni omwe ali pamwambapa (izi ndizowona makamaka kwa chiwindi, minofu ndi maselo a minofu ya adipose).
- Kunenepa kwambiri.
Choopsa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri. Apa ndipamene mafuta amapangika pamimba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe amakhala moyo wongokhala ayenera kupewa zakudya zazitali, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Pankhaniyi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndikokwanira, komanso osadya zakudya zolakwika, komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwamtunduwu kumatha kupewedwa.
Ponena za zakudya, palinso lingaliro kuti kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zamafuta ambiri, pomwe ulusi wamafuta ndi ulusi zimachepetsedwa kwambiri m'zakudya, zimabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Chifukwa chiyani kukana kuli koopsa?
Mwa lingaliro lotere monga kukana, ndichizolowezi kutanthauza kukaniza kwa thupi la munthu pazotsatira za insulin pa izo. Ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti amatha kupezeka ndi matenda a shuga 2.
Pambuyo pozindikira matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pofuna kupewa zovuta zazikulu zathanzi. Komabe, pakadali pano, amayesa kuchita popanda jakisoni wa insulin. Mwazi wamagazi amachepetsedwa ndi mapiritsi apadera. Ngati sangakuthandizeni, ndiye kuti mutha kuyambitsa kufananiza kwa insulin ya anthu.
Kuphatikiza pa matendawa pakokha, mutha kupeza zotsatiranso zina zoipa mthupi. Izi ndi:
- kuchuluka kwakukulira kwa kupanikizika (kwawoku);
- shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka kwambiri;
- Matenda a concomitant ischemic amatha, komanso atherosclerosis, yomwe imadziwika m'matumbo.
Chifukwa chakuti pafupipafupi, maselo amthupi amakhala akuwukiridwa ndi glucose okwanira m'magazi, kapamba amasiya kugwira ntchito moyenera. Pankhani iyi, matenda a shuga akupanga mofulumira kwambiri.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda a shuga a 2 amakula nthawi zambiri kuposa oyamba aja. Zambiri, zikuwoneka ngati izi: wodwala m'modzi wa anthu makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudwala kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa monga:
- imfa ya minofu yapakhungu;
- khungu lowuma
- kusokonekera kwa msomali;
- kuchepa kwa tsitsi, ndipo zimagwera m'magulu;
- atherosulinosis imatha kukhala m'matumbo omwe amakhala mu gawo lililonse la thupi kuchokera ku ubongo kupita kumtima;
- mavuto a impso
- chidwi chachikulu ndi matenda aliwonse;
- zilonda zam'mapazi pamapazi ndi malekezero ochepa zimatheka;
- kuwonongeka kwa maso.
Ndipo izi ndi zotsatira zazikulu zokha za matendawo.
Koma, zowona, ngati mudzazindikira matendawa munthawi ndikuwongolera shuga, mudzatha kupewa kukulira ambiri aiwo.
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga obadwa nawo ndi ovuta kuzindikira?
Mosiyana ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, obadwa mwatsopano amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zodziwira matenda. Ndikokwanira kuchita kafukufuku wama molekyu ndipo zitheka kuwona ngati masinthidwe alipo mu majini. Koma pankhani ya zomwe mwapeza, muyenera kusanthula zokhazo zokhazokha. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, amakhala osanunkha kanthu, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuchita.
Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amaphunzira za matenda ake mchaka chachitatu, kapena ngakhale chaka cham'tsogolo. Nthawi zambiri, zambiri, munthu angadziwe za matendawa mchaka choyamba pambuyo poti matendawa atakula. Komabe, m'miyezi yoyamba ndizosatheka.
Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti pafupifupi wodwala aliyense yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga amayamba kale kudwala matenda opatsirana monga retinopathy, womwe ndi chotupa cha m'maso, komanso angiopathy - kuvutikira m'thupi limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima. Ndipo, zowonadi, ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda awa.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda oyamba a shuga zimafanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimadziwika pamaso pa matenda oyamba. Izi ndi:
- Udzu wokhazikika, kamwa yowuma.
- Kukoka pafupipafupi ndi kukopa kwa izo.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kokwanira ndipo wodwalayo amamva kufooka kwambiri komanso kutopa.
- Pafupipafupi, komabe kuchepa thupi kwambiri kumachitika, ngakhale ndi mtundu wachiwiriyo sunatchulidwe pang'ono kuposa woyamba.
- Kukula kwamphamvu kwa matenda yisiti kumayambitsa kuyabwa pakhungu, makamaka kumwalo.
- Kubwerezabwereza kwamatenda a pakhungu monga fungus kapena abscess.
Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kumvetsera nthawi zonse ndikuti ngati pali wina m'banjamo yemwe akudwala matenda a shuga. Makamaka pankhani ya achibale. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi kumatha kukhala matenda opititsa patsogolo matendawa, kukhala wonenepa kwambiri ndikakhala kuti kwakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali. Mwa njira, pali malingaliro akuti munthu akakhala wolemera thupi, ndiye kuti angathe kudwala matenda a shuga 2. Amadziwika kuti nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka pambuyo povulala kapena limodzi ndi matenda akhungu.
Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amatha pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito ma diuretics ndi corticosteroids.
Kupewa kwa Matenda a shuga
Ngati mumatsatira molondola malangizo omwe madokotala amapereka, ndiye kuti mutha kupewa izi. Inde, chinthu choyamba muyenera kusiyiratu zoyipa zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale utsi wachiwiri umasokoneza thanzi la munthu. Ndikwabwino kusinthira kuzakudya zopatsa thanzi. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa cholesterol yamagazi ndikusunga mitsempha yathanzi komanso mitsempha yamagazi.
Ndikofunikira kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi. Zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimakhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI ndipo zimakhala ndi glucose pang'ono zingathandize. Zachidziwikire, simungalole kuwonjezeka kwa thupi. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala zabwino ndipo mutha kupewa kunenepa kwambiri komanso mafuta ambiri. Zomwe zalembedwazi zikuyenera kukhala:
- nyemba zobiriwira;
- zipatso zonse za malalanje;
- kaloti;
- radish;
- kabichi yoyera;
- belu tsabola.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa insulin. Zotsatira zake, kunenepa kwambiri kumachepa, shuga amachepetsa, minofu imakhala yolimba. Chifukwa cha zomwe, zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2.
Ngati adotolo angalimbikitse zowonjezera za jakisoni, ngati matenda omwe ali pamwambapa akhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvera zonena zake. Potere, mlingo wa mankhwalawa umayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa thanzi la wodwalayo. Kumbukirani kuti kuperekera insulin yayikulu kwambiri mlingo kungayambitse kukula kwa hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, simungathe kusintha pawokha mulingo wa insulin.
Mukamatsatira malangizo onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, komanso mukamakayezetsa kuchipatala, mudzatha kupewa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ngakhale mutakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Ndipo makamaka ngati banjali lili kale ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda otere. Tisaiwale kuti kukopeka konse kumayambitsa kuwonongeka. Zotsatira zake, sikuti odwala matenda ashuga okha omwe amatha, komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo.
Elena Malysheva mu kanema munkhaniyi afotokozereni za matenda ashuga a 2.
