Chizindikiro chachikulu cha shuga m'magazi chimawonekera ngati masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a pathological ndi zokhudza thupi akucitika m'thupi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo ya carbohydrate metabolism. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe ndizizindikiro zoyambirira za kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi komanso ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chikufunika.
Mu selo yiliyose ya thupi la munthu muli glucose, gwero lake lamphamvu. Koma shuga ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa maselo amitsempha ndi maselo ofiira amwazi.
Kuwerenga kwabwinobwino shuga kumachitika kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Ndendeyo imayendetsedwa ndi zochita za thupi zama kagayidwe kazakudya komanso mgwirizano wa endocrine ndi machitidwe amanjenje.
Shuga akamatuluka, poyamba, kusintha mochenjera kumachitika m'thupi, koma chachilendo chake ndikuti ali ndi zowonongeka pamagulu ndi machitidwe ambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za shuga wambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani hyperglycemia imawoneka?
Magazi a magazi amatha kusintha kwa nthawi yochepa ndikupsinjika kapena kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa metabolism komwe kumachitika m'maselo. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka munthu akamadya zakudya zambiri zamagulu ochulukitsa nthawi imodzi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa yochepa magazi:
- matenda opweteka kwambiri;
- kuchuluka kwa kutentha chifukwa cha mabakiteriya kapena matenda;
- khunyu;
- kuwotcha;
- pachimake myocardial infarction;
- kuvulala kwamtopola.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, kupezeka kwakanthawi kwa hyperglycemia kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga glucocorticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, psychotropic ndi diuretics, kulera pamlomo.
Kuchulukana kwotalika kwa glucose kumachitika pazochitika zotsatirazi:
- kusokonezeka kwamafuta oyambitsidwa ndi pakati ndi endocrinopathy;
- matenda am'mimba thirakiti;
- kutupa kwa endocrine glands (pituitary, kapamba, adrenal gland, hypothalamus);
- mavuto a impso, chifukwa choti glucose kwenikweni samapangidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, shuga ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia.
Kodi glucose wamwazi umakhudza bwanji thupi?
Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za hyperglycemia ndi nocturia (kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kupweteka usiku), kusinthanso kwa minofu, mkamwa wowuma komanso ntchito yosaoneka bwino. Komanso matenda ashuga ndi mikhalidwe ina pamene shuga m'magazi ndi ochulukirapo, amawonetsedwa ndi ludzu, kutopa, kuyabwa kwa khungu, kufooka, polyuria (mkodzo wambiri umatulutsidwa), kuchepa thupi, chizungulire, matenda apafupipafupi ndi mutu.
Zizindikiro zonsezi za shuga m'magazi zimasonyeza hyperglycemia, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zingapo. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mita nthawi zonse komanso mayeso angapo a labotale kungakuthandizeni kutsimikizira kupezeka kwake.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa ziwonetsero pamwambapa kumadalira kuopsa kwa hyperglycemia. Ngati mankhwalawo amayamba msanga (kudya zakudya zamagulu ochulukitsa), ndiye kuti amalengeza kuposa momwe matendawo aliri. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonedwa mu shuga yopanda magazi, thupi la wodwalayo limagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Munthu amatha kumvetsetsa izi kapena mawonekedwe ake ngati ali ndi lingaliro lamomwe amodzi a iwo. Chifukwa chake, ludzu limayamba chifukwa chakuti shuga ndi mankhwala osmotic omwe amakopa madzi. Chifukwa chake, pamene hyperglycemia ipezeka, timadzi timadzimadzi timatulutsa thupi tambiri.
Kuti abwezeretse madzi bwino, thupi limafunikira madzi ambiri. Komabe, kukopa kwa mamolekyulu amadzi ambiri kumamolekyulu a glucose kumakhudza ntchito ya impso, yomwe imayamba kusefa kwambiri zinthu zomwe zikubwera.
Ndipo pamakhala kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kukomoka kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, glucose mumtsinje wamagazi amamangirira mamolekyulu amadzi, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azitupa asanafike pachangu.
Maonekedwe a chizindikiro monga mkamwa youma amagwirizananso ndi ntchito ya osmotic ya shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mulingo wake ndi woposa 10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti umapezeka mumkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zitheke.
Kuchepetsa thupi kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri mu mtundu 1 wa shuga wokhala ndi insulin. Zikatero, glucose sangalowe mu cell, ndipo omaliza amakhala ndi vuto lamphamvu lamphamvu. Kuchokera pamenepa akuti kuchepa thupi kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko amomwe amalephera mu mphamvu ya thupi.
Pokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, zosiyana ndizowona. Ndiko kuti, mwa odwala, kulemera kwa thupi sikuchepa, koma kuwonjezera. Zotsatira zake, kukana insulini kumawonekera, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timapangidwa mu zokwanira kapena ngakhale zochulukirapo, komabe, ma receptors omwe amayang'anira ntchito yake yomanga sagwira ntchito. Chifukwa chaichi, shuga sangalowe mu cell, koma mphamvu yokhala ndi njala siyimangokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo.
Kutopa, kupweteka mutu ndi malaise kumachitika motsutsana ndi mphamvu yakusatha kwa mphamvu yaubongo, yomwe simalandira shuga wokwanira. Zotsatira zake, thupi limayenera kulandira mphamvu kudzera mu makutidwe ndi mafutawa. Komabe, njirayi imathandizira kukulitsa kwa ketonemia (matupi owonjezera a ketone mumtsinje wamagazi), omwe amawonetsedwa ndi fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
Kuchepetsa minofu pang'onopang'ono kumalumikizidwanso ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu mu maselo. Kubwezeretsa koyipa motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zotsukira komanso zowawa m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa, chifukwa shuga ndi gawo logulitsa michere kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, leukocytes amathandizira kuchira msanga, kugwira ntchito kwake komwe kumadaliranso shuga.
Kuperewera kwa izi kumapangitsa kuti leukocytes sangathe kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo amayamba kuchulukana mwachangu.
Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mu labotore?
Njira yotsogolera yodziwira matenda a shuga ndi shuga ndi kudzera mu mayeso ololera. Nthawi zambiri, mayesedwe otere amaperekedwa kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri komanso odwala azaka zopitilira 45.
Phunziroli limachitika ndi 75 g ya shuga. Njira yamachitidwe ili motere:
- magazi osala;
- ndiye wodwala amamwa 200 ml ya shuga;
- pambuyo pa mphindi 120, magazi amawunikiranso.
Ngati zotsatirapo zake zinali kuphwanya kulolerana, ndiye kuti kusala kwama glucose ndi 7 mmol / L ndi 7.8-11.1 mmol / L mutatha kutenga njira ya shuga.
Yankho lake ndi kusokonezeka kwa glucose pamimba yopanda kanthu, pomwe ndendeyo imasiyanasiyana kuchokera 6.1 mpaka 7.0 mmol / L, ndipo mutatha kumwa mankhwala okoma imakhala yochepera 7.8 mmol / L.
Kuti mumve bwino zotsatira zake, ma ultrasound a kapamba ndi kuyesa kwa magazi kwa ma enzymes nthawi zambiri amachitidwa. Komabe, ngakhale wodwalayo akapatsidwa matenda okhumudwitsa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndizotheka kuteteza matenda a shuga.
Kuti izi zitheke, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira malangizo onse azachipatala ndikutsatira zakudya zapadera.
Chakudya cha hyperglycemia
Chofunikira pakuwongolera glucose ndende ndi zakudya. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kutsatira mfundo zina.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudya nthawi zisanu ndi imodzi ndi zisanu ndi imodzi patsiku, kudya zakudya zazing'ono panthawi yokhazikitsidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kumwa malita awiri a madzi patsiku.
Zakudyazi ziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yambiri komanso zinthu zonse zofunika, izi ziyenera kukhala zakudya zamagulu a shuga. Muyeneranso kudya masamba ndi zipatso zopanda zipatso tsiku lililonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti shuga asathenso, ndikofunikira kusiya zakudya zamchere komanso mowa.
Zakudya zotsalira zama calorie zomwe sizikukweza index ya glycemic zimaphatikizapo:
- nsomba zopanda nyama ndi nyama;
- nyemba;
- mkate wa rye;
- zopangidwa mkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa;
- mazira, koma osapitilira awiri patsiku;
- phala (oatmeal, mpunga, buckwheat).
Mwa zipatso ndi zipatso, makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mandimu, maapulo, quince, mapeyala, lingonberry, blueberries, phulusa la mapiri ndi cranberries. Ponena zamasamba ndi amadyera, muyenera kusankha tomato, biringanya, letesi, tsabola wa belu, sipinachi, radish, nkhaka, kabichi, anyezi, udzu winawake, adyo, parsley ndi katsabola. Zonthu zonse ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi kuwira, kuwongolera kapena chithandizo cha nthunzi.
Ndikofunikira kukana kudya nyama mafuta ndikuisintha ndi mafuta a masamba. Shuga yokhazikika iyenera kukondedwa ndi uchi ndi zotsekemera, monga fructose.
Mu gulu la zinthu zoletsedwa, powopseza hyperglycemia, ndi:
- mayonesi ndi msuzi wofanana;
- confectionery, makeke ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa (makeke, ma pie, makeke, maswiti, chokoleti, etc.);
- zipatso zokoma (mphesa, vwende, nthochi, sitiroberi) ndi zipatso zouma;
- mafuta amkaka amkaka (kirimu, zonona wowoneka ngati wowaka ndi mkaka);
- zakudya zamzitini;
- kusuta nyama;
- tchipisi, zopheka ndi chakudya chofulumira;
- nyama yamafuta ndi mafuta.
Zoletsedwabe ndi zakumwa zotsekemera za kaboni, tiyi ndi khofi ndi shuga. Zonsezi ndibwino kusinthanitsa timadziti tachilengedwe tosavomerezeka ndi mankhwala azitsamba ndi kuwonjezera uchi wambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndi hyperglycemia yosasintha, kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri siophweka, koma ndizotheka. Komabe, pakadali pano chithandizo chamankhwala, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa ndikulondola kwa tsikulo sikokwanira. Chifukwa chake, odwala ayenera kumamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga nthawi zonse. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupitiliza mutu wa shuga wambiri.
