Pafupifupi 6% ya anthu ochokera padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri mtundu wachiwiri. Koma zenizeni, kuchuluka kwa odwala kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa poyambira matendawa amatha.
Komabe, ngakhale ndi maphunziro asymptomatic, matendawa amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mthupi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amakhudza moyo wabwino komanso amafupikitsa nthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, kuti muzindikire matenda ashuga kumayambiriro, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amayenera kukayezetsa magazi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kapena chaka chimodzi.
Odwala ali ndi kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe kwamawonekedwe a shuga:
- kumwa glucocorticoids;
- kukhala ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga;
- akudwala matenda ashuga gestational panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati kapena iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lakusokonezeka pazifukwa zosadziwika;
- onenepa;
- atakhala ndi thyrotoxicosis (kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro).
Mwazi wamwazi ndi chisonyezo cha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu. Manambalawa amatha kusintha chifukwa cha zochita zathupi.
Kodi shuga amasinthasintha chifukwa chiyani?
M'malo mwake, gawo ili kapena kuchuluka kwa glucose limafotokoza momwe kapangidwe kake kamene thupi limayendera limathandizira. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa zizindikiro sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi nkhawa. Kupatula apo, pali zinthu zingapo zakuthupi zomwe zimatsogolera ku hyperglycemia yochepa.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi maola angapo mutatha kudya zakudya zamagulu owonjezera. Koma patapita nthawi, zizindikirazo zimasinthanso, popeza glucose amalowa m'maselo ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito.
Komanso, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhudzidwa ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Chifukwa chake, pakudya, zimakhala bwino pambuyo chakudya.
Chinanso chomwe chimatsogolera ku hyperglycemia ndi kupsinjika. Zowonadi, ndi kukhudzika kwa m'maganizo, adrenaline imapangidwa - timadzi timadzi tomwe timakhala ndi shuga.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi amafunika mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chake, thupi limafunikira glucose yambiri pamagwiritsidwe ake a myocyte, omwe amathandizira kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia zimaphatikizapo matenda osiyanasiyana:
- Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu - umachitika pakakhala vuto la kapamba, lomwe silipanga insulin kwathunthu. Timadzi timeneti timayambitsa matenda a shuga.
- Matenda a shuga a Type 2 - pankhani iyi, njira yopangira insulini siyisokonezedwa, koma maselo amataya chidwi chake ndi mahomoni, omwe nawonso salola kuti glucose ikhale yolimba.
Hyperglycemia imapezekanso ndi kuchuluka kwa glucocorticosteroids ndi adrenaline, mahomoni omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose poswa glycogen. Nthawi zambiri, zoterezi zimayamba pamaso pa zotupa m'mimba za adrenal.
Koma kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu sikhala okwera nthawi zonse. Zimachitika kuti machitidwe ake akuchepa. Izi zimachitika ndi matenda am'mimba, kusowa kwa chakudya, mavuto a chiwindi komanso kupezeka kwa chotupa mu kapamba.
Koma kuti muzindikire bwino zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino zopereka zamagazi kwa shuga.
Kupatula apo, kutsatira malamulo onse ndikomwe kungapangitse kuti pakhale zotsatira zodalirika.
Kusanthula kwa shuga: mawonekedwe, mitundu, njira zoperekera magazi
Pankhani yopereka magazi ku milingo ya shuga, iyi ndi njira yomwe imatsogolera pakupezeka ndi matenda oopsa - matenda a shuga ndi matenda ena a endocrine. Mutha kuchititsa maphunziro kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Koma kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zolondola, chipangizocho chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, chifukwa chimakhudzidwa ndikuwonekera kwa mpweya wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kumayesa shuga koyamba mu labotale. Ndipo muyeso wodziyimira pawokha ungachitike ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yoposa chaka. Koma momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito glucometer?
Kuyesa kwa magazi kuchokera kwa wodwala pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi kumachitika molingana ndi dongosolo linalake. Choyamba, chala chimabayidwa, kenako magazi amawayika pachiweto choyesa, chomwe chimayikidwa mu chipangizocho. Pambuyo masekondi angapo, zotsatira zake zikuwonetsedwa pazenera.
Glucometer ndi chipangizo cholondola ngati mungayang'ane umphumphu ndi kusungidwa koyenera kwa mizere yoyeserera. Koma pakuyesa magazi koyamba kwa shuga, muyenera kukonzekera mosamala komanso molondola, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuchititsa kafukufuku ku labotale.
Kodi magazi a shuga amachokera kuti? Nthawi zina magazi a venous amatengedwa kuti aunikidwe. Koma pankhaniyi, zimaganiziridwa kuti zizindikiro zitha kupitilizidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa.
Chifukwa chake, lero, njira zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga:
- magazi osala;
- kuwerengetsa kwa zizindikiro tsiku lonse;
- kuyesa kwa shuga.
Monga zowonjezera zowonjezera, kuyesa kwa glucose kungachitike. Nthawi zina mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated m'magazi umatsimikizika, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuwona kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga masiku 90 apitawa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zotsatira za phunziroli ndizosiyana. Zowonadi, zimatengera mikhalidwe ndi zofunikira za labotale inayake.
Zosafunikanso kwenikweni ndikukonzekera kusanthula.
Zoyenera kuchita usanayambe kafukufuku?
Kuyesedwa kwa anthu omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga kumafunika kukonzekera. Ngati mukufuna kupereka magazi kuti mukhale ndi shuga, kukonzekera kwanu kukayezetsa kumakhudza bwanji zotsatira zake? Mwachitsanzo, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti tsiku lotsatira la ndondomeko simungathe kugwira ntchito yamisala kapena kuchita mantha kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zala zakumwa zimayenera kutsukidwa musanatenge magazi a capillary. Izi zipangitsa kuti phunzirolo kukhala lotetezeka komanso kupewa kupotoza zotsatira zake.
Choyamba, kukonzekera kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga ndikuti wodwala sayenera kudya chakudya kwa maola 8-12. Koma kodi ndizotheka kumwa madzi nthawi imeneyi? Mafuta oyera amaloledwa mayeso asanachitike, ndipo zakumwa zotsekemera ndi zoletsedwa zimaletsedwa.
Osuta mawa la kusanthula ayenera kutaya ndudu, zomwe zimatha kupotoza zotsatira zake. Sitikulimbikitsanso kutsuka mano anu ndi phala lomwe lili ndi shuga.
Ngati mukuyenera kupereka magazi a shuga momwe mungakonzekere othamanga komanso anthu olimbitsa thupi? Madzulo, ndikofunikira kusiya katundu ngakhale pang'ono.
Omwe amamwa mankhwala aliwonse, ngati nkotheka, aziwakana nthawi yayitali phunzirolo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwitsa madokotala kuchokera ku labotale za mawonekedwe a kulekerera kwa mankhwalawa, omwe angalole kuti asinthe zotsatira.
Momwe mungakonzekerere zopereka zamagazi, zomwe zimatengedwa mukatha kudya? Kuyesaku kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 1-1,5 pambuyo chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kumwa madzi, koma ndizoletsedwa kumwa timadziti, mowa ndi koloko.
Komanso, tisanawunike, ndizoletsedwa:
- kuchita zochizira komanso zodziwitsa, monga physiotherapy, kutikita minofu, x-ray, ultrasound;
- kuchita nawo maphwando;
- idyani zolimba pogona;
- Idyani zakudya zamafuta ndi chakudya chofulumira.
Ngati zitsanzo zamagazi zidzachitike mwa ana, ndiye kuti chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa ndikuonetsetsa kuti manja awo atsukidwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kupatsa mwana wanu chokoleti ndi zakumwa.
Ngakhale msuzi wokoma wambiri ungapangitse yankho kukhala labodza.
Kodi zotsatira za mayeso zikutanthauza chiyani?
Pa phunziroli pamimba yopanda kanthu, chikhalidwe chokhazikika mwa munthu wamkulu ndi 3.88-6.38 mmol / l. Mwa ana obadwa kumene omwe ali ndi sampuli ya magazi popanda kufa ndi njala, deta imatha kukhala pakati pa 2.78 mpaka 4.44 mmol / L. Odwala azaka zopitilira 10, zotsatira zake zimachokera ku 3,33 mpaka 5.55 mmol / L.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikokwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti mwina pali matenda a shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi matenda a endocrine omwe amachititsa kuti maliseche azitha kugwira ntchito, chithokomiro, kapamba ndi gren adrenal. Hyperglycemia imawonetsanso khunyu, poyizoni wa carbon monoxide ndi mankhwala ena.
Kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kuonedwa ngati kakhalidwe kochepera 3.3 mmol / l ndi mawonekedwe osakwanira. Komabe, ngati mulingowo ndi wotsika kuposa ziwerengerozi, ndiye kuti kuwunika koyenera ndikofunikira.
Nthawi zambiri, shuga wa m'magazi amachepetsa nthawi zotere:
- kulumpha mankhwala kapena chakudya pamaso pa matenda a shuga;
- kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya njira;
- poyizoni (arsenic, chloroform, mowa);
- kunenepa
- kusala kapena kutsatira mosamalitsa zakudya;
- kukhalapo kwa matenda osiyanasiyana (sarcoidosis, kuperewera kwa chiwindi, stroke, kuwonongeka kwamitsempha, ndi zina).
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokozerani momwe mungayesere shuga.
