Dr. Komarovsky akuti shuga kwa ana nthawi zambiri amadalira insulin, pomwe kapamba amasiya kutulutsa timadzi tomwe timapanga glucose kukhala mphamvu. Awa ndi matenda osakhazikika a autoimmune, pomwe ma cell a beta a zisumbu za Langerhans amawonongedwa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti munthawi yamayambiriro azizindikiro zazikulu, maselo ambiriwo awonongedwa kale.
Nthawi zambiri, mtundu 1 wa shuga umayamba chifukwa cha chibadwa. Chifukwa chake, ngati wina wapafupi ndi mwanayo anali ndi matenda a hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti matendawa angadziwike yekha ndi 5%. Ndipo chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mapasa ofanana atatu ndi pafupifupi 40%.
Nthawi zina mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga, womwe umatchedwanso kuti insulin, umatha kuyamba uchinyamata. Komarovsky akuti ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa, ketoacidosis imawoneka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwambiri.
Komanso, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi shuga omwe ali ndi shuga ndi onenepa kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kukana kwa insulini, zomwe zimathandizira kulolerana kwa glucose. Kuphatikiza apo, yachiwiri yamatendawa imatha kudwala chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa kapamba kapena kuchuluka kwa glucocorticoids.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana
Pokambirana za matenda opatsirana a hyperglycemia mwana, Komarovsky amayang'ana makolo kuti matendawa amawonekera mofulumira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kukulitsa kulumala, komwe amafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a physiology ya ana. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe, ntchito zamphamvu zamagetsi, ndi kupangika kwa dongosolo la enzymatic, chifukwa chake sizingalimbane kwathunthu ma ketones, omwe amachititsa mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga.
Komabe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mwana nthawi zina amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a 2. Ngakhale kuphwanya kumeneku sikofala, chifukwa makolo ambiri amayesa kuwunika thanzi la ana awo.
Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi ofanana. Kuwonetsera koyamba ndikumwa kumwa kwamadzi zochuluka kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti madzi amachoka m'magazi kupita m'magazi kuti atulutsire shuga. Chifukwa chake, mwana amamwa mpaka malita 5 a madzi patsiku.
Polyuria ndi imodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia. Komanso, mwa ana, kukodza kumachitika nthawi zambiri kugona, chifukwa madzi ambiri adamwa tsiku latha. Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi nthawi zambiri amalemba pama bwaloli kuti ngati kuchapa kwa mwana kumatsuka asanasambe, zimakhala ngati zakhudzidwa.
Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amataya thupi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndikuchepa kwa glucose, thupi limayamba kuphwanya minofu ndi minofu yamafuta.
Ngati pali matenda a shuga mellitus mwa ana, Komarovsky akunena kuti mavuto amawonedwe angachitike. Kupatula apo, kusowa kwamadzi kumawonekeranso ndi mandala amaso.
Zotsatira zake, chophimba chimawonekera pamaso. Komabe, izi sizikutchulidwanso ngati chizindikiro, koma zovuta za shuga, zomwe zimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu ndi ophthalmologist.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa mwana kumatha kuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa endocrine. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma cell samalandira glucose, omwe amayambitsa njala yamphamvu ndipo wodwalayo amakhala osagwira komanso osakwiya.
Ketoacidosis mwa ana
Chizindikiro china cha matenda ashuga ndicho kukana kudya kapena, mosiyana, njala yosalekeza. Zimapezekanso mkati mwa njala.
Ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis, kulakalaka kumatha. Kuwonetsera kumeneku ndikowopsa, komwe kumafunikira kuyitanidwa kwadzidzidzi komanso kuchipatala kwotsatira, chifukwa iyi ndi njira yokhayo yoletsa kukulira kwa kulumala ndi zovuta zina.
Mtundu 2 wa shuga, matenda oyamba ndi fungus nthawi zambiri amakhala mawonekedwe. Ndipo matendawa amadalira mtundu wa insulin, ngakhale thupi la mwanayo limalimbana ndi SARS wamba.
Mu odwala matenda ashuga, acetone imatha kununkhiza kuchokera mkamwa, ndipo matupi a ketone nthawi zina amapezeka mkodzo. Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, zizindikirozi zimatha kutsagana ndi matenda ena akuluakulu, monga matenda a rotavirus.
Ngati mwana amangomva acetone kuchokera mkamwa, ndipo palibe zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga, ndiye Komarovsky akufotokoza izi mwa kuchepa kwa shuga. Mkhalidwe wofananawo umachitika osati motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta za endocrine, komanso pambuyo pa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.
Vutoli lingathetsedwe mophweka: wodwalayo ayenera kupatsidwa piritsi la shuga kapena kupatsidwa kuti amwe tiyi wokoma kapena kudya maswiti. Komabe, fungo la acetone mu shuga limatha kuthetsedwa kokha ndi chithandizo cha insulin komanso zakudya.
Komanso, chithunzithunzi cha matenda chimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso a labotale:
- kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi;
- kupezeka kwa magazi a ma antibodies omwe amawononga kapamba;
- ma immunoglobulins kupita ku insulin kapena ma enzyme omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kupanga mahomoni samapezeka kawirikawiri.
Dokotala wa ana akuti ma antibodies amapezeka kokha mu shuga yomwe amadalira insulin, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi matenda a autoimmune. Ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wamatenda umawonetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi ndikuwoneka mawanga amdima m'makutu ndi pakati pa zala.
Ngakhale hyperglycemia yokhala ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulini imayendera limodzi ndi khungu pakhungu, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero, chizungulire komanso malaise. Nthawi zina matenda a shuga amakula mwachinsinsi, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa chifukwa cha matenda omwe amachedwa kupezeka ndi kukula kwa zotsatira zosasintha.
Nthawi zina, matenda ashuga amawonekera mchaka choyamba cha moyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuzindikira kukhala kovuta, chifukwa mwana sangathe kufotokoza zomwe zimamuvutitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma diaper ndizovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chifukwa chake, makolo a ana akhanda ayenera kulabadira njira zingapo monga:
- Kuda nkhawa
- kusowa kwamadzi;
- kulakalaka, chifukwa chomwe kulemera sikumapezeka, koma m'malo mwake kutayika;
- kusanza
- maonekedwe a chimbudzi pamtondo wa ziwalo zoberekera;
- kapangidwe ka malo othimbirira pamalo pomwe mkodzo wafika.
Komarovsky amakopa chidwi cha makolo kuti mwana akangobadwa ndi matenda ashuga, vutoli limakulirakonso mtsogolo.
Chifukwa chake, pamaso pa chinthu chobadwa nacho, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glycemia kuyambira kubadwa, kuwunikira mosamala machitidwe a ana.
Kodi mungachepetse bwanji mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga komanso muyenera kuchita ngati matendawo atsimikiziridwa?
Inde, ndizosatheka kuthana ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, koma kupanga moyo wosavuta kwa mwana wodwala matendawa ndi weniweni. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha prophylactic, makanda omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kusankha mosamala zakudya zowonjezera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zina mukamayamwa sizingatheke.
Atakalamba, mwana amafunika kuzolowera moyo wokangalika ndi katundu wambiri. Ndikofunikanso m'njira zothandizira komanso zochiritsira kuti muphunzitse ana kutsatira zakudya zapadera.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kadyedwe koyenera ndikuti kuchuluka kwa michere ndi zopatsa mphamvu mumenyu ya mwana ziyenera kukhala zofunikira kuti athe kulipira mphamvu zamagetsi, kukula ndikukula bwino. Chifukwa chake, 50% ya zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala chakudya cham'madzi, 30% imaperekedwa kumafuta, ndipo 20% - mapuloteni. Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga atha kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti cholinga chamankhwala othandizira kudya ndikuchepetsa thupi kenako ndikukhala ndi thupi lomweli.
Ndi fomu yodalira insulin, zakudya ndizofunikira kuti zigwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudya nthawi yomweyo, pomwe nthawi zonse mumalemekeza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, zakudya ndi mafuta.
Popeza insulin imayenda kuchokera m'malo a jakisoni, pakalibe zakudya zazowonjezera pakati pa chakudya chachikulu, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia, yomwe imakulira ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, ana omwe amapatsidwa jakisoni 2 patsiku ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya pakati pa kadzutsa, chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo.
Zakudya za mwana zimaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya zinthu zomwe zitha kusinthidwa wina ndi mnzake:
- nyama;
- mkaka
- buledi
- masamba
- chipatso
- mafuta.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala atherosulinosis. Chifukwa chake, mafuta a tsiku ndi tsiku omwe ali ndi matendawa sayenera kupitirira 30%, ndi cholesterol - mpaka 300 mg.
Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated. Kuchokera ku nyama ndikwabwino kusankha nsomba, nkhuku, nkhuku, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhumba ndi ng'ombe ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Dr. Komarovsky yekha mu kanema munkhaniyi azilankhula za matenda ashuga ndi shuga kwa ana.
