Kugwiritsira ntchito kukonzekera kwa insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mahomoni awo. Kwa odwala otere, iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe singagwiritse ntchito chilichonse.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mapiritsi amayenera kulipidwa, koma pakuchitika kwa opaleshoni, pathupi, komanso matenda opatsirana, amatha kusamutsidwa ku insulin kapena, kuwonjezera pa mapiritsi, jakisoni wa insulin akulimbikitsidwa.
Ngati chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga sichingachitike ndi zakudya ndi mapilitsi komanso ndi zovuta za matendawa, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kumalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta za shuga ndikuwonjezera moyo wa odwala. Zotsatira zoyipa za insulini zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin, nthawi zambiri pamachitidwe am'deralo, osagwedezeka kwambiri anaphylactic.
Zimayambitsa ziwengo kuti insulin kukonzekera
Mukamaphunzira kapangidwe ka insulin ya nyama ndi ya munthu, zidapezeka kuti zamitundu yonse, insulin ya nkhumba ndiyomwe ndiyandikana kwambiri ndi anthu, zimasiyana mu amino acid imodzi. Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa insulin ya nyama kwa nthawi yayitali ndiye njira yokhayo yothandizira.
Choyipa chachikulu chinali kupangika kwa thupi lawo siligwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzekera kwa insulin kumakhala ndi mitundu ya proinsulin, pancreatic polypeptide ndi mapuloteni ena. Pafupifupi odwala onse, atakhazikitsa insulin, miyezi itatu pambuyo pake, ma antibodies ake amapezeka m'magazi.
Kwenikweni, ziwengo zimayambitsidwa ndi insulin yokha, nthawi zambiri osati ndi mapuloteni kapena mapuloteni ena osakhala ndi mapuloteni. Milandu yaying'ono kwambiri yazakumwa idanenedwa ndikuyambitsa kwa insulin yaumunthu yomwe imapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering. Zomwe zimayamwa kwambiri ndi bovine insulin.
Kapangidwe kakumvetsetsa kowonjezereka kumachitika motere:
- Kuchita kwamtundu wamtunduwu komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa immunoglobulin E. Amayamba pambuyo pa maola 5-8. Zikuwoneka ndi zochita zakomweko kapena anaphylaxis.
- Zomwe amachita zikuchedwa. Kuwonetsera kwadongosolo komwe kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 12-24. Imachitika mu mawonekedwe a urticaria, edema kapena anaphylactic reaction.
Kuwonetsedwa kwanuko kungachitike chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa - singano yolimba, imalowetsedwa mkati, khungu limavulala pakukhazikitsidwa, malo olakwika amasankhidwa, insulin yozizira kwambiri imalowetsedwa.
Mawonekedwe a ziwonetsero kwa insulin
Ziwengo kwa insulin zimawonedwa mu 20% ya odwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma insulin othandiziranso, pafupipafupi matupi awo sagwirizana amachepa. Ndi mawonekedwe amderalo, mawonetseredwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera ola pambuyo jekeseni, amakhala osakhalitsa ndipo amatha mofulumira popanda chithandizo chapadera.
Pambuyo pake kapena kuchedwa kuchitikira kwanuko kumatha kupanga maola 4 mpaka 24 pambuyo pa jekeseni ndi maola 24 otsiriza. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matenda ammundu zimachitika mu hypersensitivity kuti insulin imawoneka ngati redness la pakhungu, kutupa komanso kuyabwa pamalowo. Khungu loyenda limatha kufalikira mpaka pafupi ndi zimakhala.
Nthawi zina chimakhala chidindo chochepa pamalo a jakisoni, omwe amakwera pamwamba pa khungu. Tsamba ili limatenga pafupifupi masiku awiri. Vuto losowa kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso cha Artyus-Sakharov. Izi zimachitika mmalo mwake ngati insulin imayendetsedwa kamodzi m'malo amodzi.
Kupanga pankhaniyi kumawonekera pakatha pafupifupi sabata, limodzi ndi kuwawa ndi kuwawa, ngati jakisoni atagundika papulo yotere, ndiye kuti am kulowetsamo. Pang'onopang'ono zimachulukira, zimapweteka kwambiri, ndipo matenda akaphatikizika, amawonjezera. Fomu ya fisula ndi purulent, kutentha kumakwera.
Zowonekera kwazomwe zimayenderana ndi insulin ndizosowa, zimawonetsedwa ndi zotere:
- Kuchepa kwa khungu.
- Urticaria, matuza oyenda.
- Edema wa Quincke.
- Kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic.
- Kuphipha kwa bronchi.
- Polyarthritis kapena polyarthralgia.
- Kudzimbidwa.
- Mitsempha yayikulu.
Kuchita kwadongosolo pokonzekera insulin kumawonetsedwa ngati mankhwala a insulin adasokonezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako ndikuyambiranso.
Kuzindikira kwa matupi awo sagwirizana ndi insulin
Poyamba, wodwala kapena yemwe amadwala matendawa akhazikitsa kuyanjana pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka insulini ndikukonzekera mawonekedwe a hypersensitivity chifukwa cha kafukufuku wazidziwitso komanso mbiri yakale.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi pamlingo wa shuga, kuyezetsa magazi ndi kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa ma immunoglobulins, komanso zitsanzo zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwa microdoses yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini, amalembedwa. Amathandizidwa ndi intradermally pa mlingo wa 0,02 ml ndikuwunika ndi kukula kwa papule.
Pozindikira, matenda a ma virus, matenda a pakhungu, zimachitika pakhungu ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu monga chiwonetsero cha kulephera kwa impso sikuyenera kuyikidwa pambali.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa zizindikirozi ndi matenda a magazi, komanso neoplasms.
Chithandizo cha ziwengo kukonzekera insulin
Ngati ziwopsezo za insulin zikukonzekera kudziwoneka ngati zakuda, kufatsa kwake, Zizindikiro zake zimazimiririka mwa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti matendawa safuna kulandira chithandizo. Ngati zizindikirazo zikupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhala olimba pambuyo pobayira jakisoni aliyense, ndiye kuti antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, diphenhydramine) ndi mankhwala.
Jakisoni wa insulin amachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi, pomwe pafupipafupi makonzedwe amawonjezeka, ndipo mlingo pa jakisoni umachepa. Ngati nthawi yomweyo zomwe zimachitika ndi insulin sizinathere, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo, kaya ndi bovine kapena insulin, ayenera kulowetsedwa ndi munthu, pomwe mulibe zinc.
Ngati njira yakhazikika itachitika - urticaria, edema ya Quincke kapena anaphylactic mantha, ndiye kuti madokotala a Adrenaline, Prednisolone kapena Hydrocortisone, antihistamines ndi kupuma komanso magazi amayenda mchipatala amafunikira.
Popeza wodwalayo sangachite kwathunthu popanda insulin, mlingo wake umachepetsedwa kwakanthawi katatu, kenako pang'onopang'ono, mothandizidwa ndi anti-allergic, umachulukitsidwa masiku awiri isanachitike.
Ngati kwambiri anaphylactic mantha atachititsa kuti insulin yathunthu, ndiye musanayambirenso chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuchita izi:
- Chitani kuyesa khungu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin.
- Sankhani mankhwalawa poyankha pang'ono
- Lowetsani mlingo woyamba
- Pang'onopang'ono onjezani mlingo womwe umayang'aniridwa ndi magazi.
- Ngati mankhwala a ziwengo sangathe, gwiritsani ntchito insulin limodzi ndi hydrocortisone.
Khalidwe lofunitsitsa insulini limayamba ndi mlingo womwe umachepetsedwa nthawi 10 poyerekeza ndi ocheperako, omwe adayambitsa kukhudzana ndi khungu. Kenako, malinga ndi chiwembuchi, chimachulukitsidwa tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yomweyo, poyamba, njira zoterezi zimachitika pokonzekera insulin yochepa, kenako ndikutalika kwa mafomu.
Wodwala akayamba kudwala matenda ashuga mu mawonekedwe monga matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis kapena giperosmolar coma ndi insulin amafunika pazifukwa zaumoyo, ndiye kuti njira yolimbitsira mtima imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Insulin yofupikitsa imalowetsedwa pakhungu pakatha mphindi 15 kapena 30 zilizonse.
Njira yamtunduwu isanayesedwe khungu, mankhwala amakonzekera amasankhidwa ndi mlingo wake, womwe wodwala amayambitsa womwe suwonekera.
Ngati vuto lakumudzi litayamba kuvuta, ndiye kuti mlingo wa insulin suwonjezereka mpaka zotsatira zake zikapitirira.
Ndi kukula kwa anaphylactic, mankhwalawo amachepetsedwa ndi theka, ndipo insulin imabayidwa mowonjezereka, pomwe mlingo wake umakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Ngati pakufunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulini, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amasamutsidwira ku chakudya chochepa kwambiri, momwe mavitamini ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka. Potere, kuchokera muzakudya muyenera kuchotsa zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwirizana.
Mankhwala ophatikizana kwambiri ndi:
- Mkaka, tchizi, mazira.
- Chakudya chosemedwa ndi zam'chitini, ma kachere
- Tsabola wofiyira, phwetekere, kaloti, sorelo, biringanya.
- Zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso.
- Bowa.
- Wokondedwa, mtedza, koko, khofi, mowa.
- Zakudya zam'nyanja, caviar.
Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zozizira mkaka, tchizi tchizi, nyama yochepa-mafuta, nsomba zamkati, ma bass am'nyanja, maapulo obiriwira, rose rose ndi shuga, kabichi, broccoli, nkhaka, zitsamba, zukini.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwunikira mwachidule za antihistamine yomwe imagwira ma allergies kuti apange insulin.
