Matenda ofala kwambiri m'nthawi yathu ino ndi monga atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso, matenda a shuga. Matenda onsewa ali ndi njira imodzi yofanana - kukula kwambiri kapena kupanga ma cell ena mthupi. Ndi atherosclerosis, uku ndi kuwonjezeka kwa maselo am'makoma amitsempha, onenepa kwambiri - kukula kwamphamvu kwa minyewa ya adipose, komanso matenda ashuga - kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Koma chomwe chimakhumudwitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo, chifukwa chake ntchito yachilengedwe ya thupi imasokonekera ndipo matenda oopsa amakhala? Dokotala wodziwika bwino wa mafupa a Yuri Babkin, yemwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri ku Israel, akukhulupirira kuti mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti maselo azipanga kwambiri ndi insulin.
Chifukwa chake, adakhazikitsa njira yochepetsera insulin yochizira thupi, kutengera maphunziro ambiri azachipatala ndi a sayansi, zolemba zasayansi ndi zofalitsa. Koma musanadziwe pulogalamu yatsopano yamankhwala, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti insulin ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za insulin
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti timadzi timeneti timayendetsa magazi a shuga ndipo matenda ashuga amakula akakhala kuti alibe. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kukula kwa maselo ambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa katulutsidwe sikumangoyambitsa shuga, komanso matenda ena owopsa.
Hormone iyi imakhudza thupi kawiri - pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachangu. Pogwira ntchito mwachangu, maselo amatenga glucose mwamphamvu mumtsinje wamagazi, chifukwa chomwe ndendeyi imachepa.
Zotsatira zake ndizakuti insulini imalimbikitsa kukula komanso kusinthanso kwamaselo. Ndi gawo ili lomwe ndilo ntchito yayikulu ya timadzi, motero ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe limagwirira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane.
Thupi laumunthu limakhala ndi maselo mabiliyoni, ndipo amasinthidwa pafupipafupi kudzera mukukula ndikufa. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi insulin.
Homoniyo ndi molekyulu ya protein yomwe imakhala ndi ma amino acid okwanira 51. Mwa njira, inali hormone iyi yomwe idapangidwa koyamba mu labotale, yomwe idalola kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Thupi likagwira ntchito moyenera, insulin imapangidwa ndi ma cell a beta a kapamba, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi timagulu tating'ono ta microscopic. Maselo amabalalika thupi lonse ngati zilumba, motero amatchedwa islets of Langerhans, asayansi omwe adazipeza poyamba.
Pakati pa maselo a beta, insulin, yomwe imasonkhana m'mitsempha yamagazi, imasungidwa mwadongosolo. Chakudya chikalowa m'thupi, chimakhala chisonyezo cha maselo omwe amatulutsa nthawi yomweyo insulin kulowa mumtsempha wamagazi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti osati glucose yekha, komanso chakudya chilichonse, kuphatikiza mafuta, mapuloteni ndi zakudya, zimathandizira kuti timadzi titsegule.
Pambuyo kolowera m'magazi, insulini imagawidwa ndi mitsempha ya magazi m'thupi lonse, kulowa m'maselo ake, omwe ali ndi maphikidwe a insulin. Amalandira, kenako kumanga molekyu ya mahomoni.
Mophiphiritsa, njirayi ikhoza kufotokozedwa motere:
- khungu lililonse lili ndi zitseko zazing'ono;
- kudzera pachipata, chakudya chitha kulowa mkati mwa cell;
- insulin receptors ndimakoko pazitseko izi zomwe zimatsegula khola chakudya.
Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangidwanso, zimasungidwa muzinthu zomanga, chifukwa chomwe khungu, malinga ndi kubadwa kwa chibadwa, limasinthidwa, limakula ndikuchulukana kudzera pazogawika. Zomwe zimapangira insulin yochulukirapo, ndipamene insulini ingakhale yambiri m'magazi, yomwe imakhutitsa ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe ndi michere ndipo ma cell amakula.
Kuphatikizika kwa nthawi yomwe chakudya chimalowa m'magazi ndipo pancreatic insulin secretion ndiye lamulo lalikulu lazachilengedwe, chifukwa chake chakudya, nthawi ndi kukula zimalumikizana. Ubale uwu umadziwika ndi njira yapadera: M = I x T.
M ndilemera m'thupi, Ndi insulin, T ndiye chiyembekezo chamoyo. Chifukwa chake, momwe timadzi tambiri timatulutsidwa, timakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kukula kwake.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti insulin receptors imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- kuthana ndi shuga;
- pang'onopang'ono zimakhudza kukula.
Mitundu yonse iwiriyo mosiyanasiyana imapezeka mgulu lililonse. Kupitiliza kufananizaku pamwambapa ndi zitseko, zikuwoneka ngati izi: zolandila mwachangu ndi zolembera pazitseko zomwe mamolekyulu a shuga amalowamo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatsegula njira yamafuta ndi mapuloteni - malo omangira omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa maselo.
Chiwerengero cha ma cell mu cell iliyonse chimatha kukhala chosiyana (mpaka 200,000). Kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kuthekera kwa khungu kukula. Mwachitsanzo, maselo ofiira samakula ndipo sagawanika, motero, ali ndi ma receptor ochepa, ndipo khungu lamafuta limatha kuchulukana, motero, lili ndi ma receptor ambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo insulin imakhudzanso mwachindunji kukula, imakhudzanso index ya glucose, ndikutsika. Izi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayikulu - kukondoweza.
Kukula, maselo amafunika mphamvu, yomwe amalandira ndi gawo la insulini m'mwazi. Shuga akamalowa m'maselo a ziwalo, ndiye kuti zomwe zili m'magazi zimachepa.
Kodi insulin imakhudza bwanji moyo wa munthu?
Kuti mudziwe njira yochepetsera insulin yomwe Dr. Babkin ali, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe njirayi imakhudzira moyo wa munthu. Hormone iyi imalimbikitsa ndikugwirizanitsa kukula kwa chamoyo chamitundu yambiri. Chifukwa chake, mluza umayambika mchikakamizo cha insulin mpaka itayamba kupanga mahomoni pawokha.
Kuti mukukula, thupi limafunikira zinthu ziwiri - chakudya komanso magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Ndipo ana omwe adabadwa ndikukula ndi kusowa kwa chakudya sangathe kufika pachimake cha kukula komwe kumayikidwa pamtundu.
Mwachitsanzo pa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, izi zimalongosoledwa motere: chifukwa cha vuto la chibadwa, timadzi timadzi timatulutsa timadzi timene timapangidwa, motero, popanda kuyambitsa mankhwala, wodwalayo amamwalira, thupi lake litatha ndipo maselo sawagawanika.
Pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu, kukula kutalika kumayima, koma njira yamkati yopanga maselo komanso kukonzanso sikuma mpaka imfa. Nthawi yomweyo, kagayidwe kachilengedwe kamachitika kawirikawiri mu khungu lililonse ndipo kukhazikitsa njirayi ndikosatheka popanda insulini.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi zaka, kupanga mahomoni kumachuluka. Chifukwa chake, thupi limayamba kukula osakula, ndipo kupingasa ndi mafupa amakula kwambiri.
Insulin imathandizanso kuchulukitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Izi ndichifukwa choti amatenga nawo gawo pokonza zakudya zochulukazo kukhala mafuta, chifukwa imodzi mwazomwe amachita ndi kuphatikiza mphamvu.
Vuto lalikulu ndilo kuchuluka kwa insulini pazinthu izi, Babkin insulin ndi thanzi, zomwe, mwabwinobwino, adapereka buku lake. Mu thupi lathanzi pali malire pakati pa mphamvu ndi zinthu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ochulukirapo, kusamvana kumachitika, komwe kumakulitsa kukula kwamitundu ingapo ndi maselo motsutsana ndi maziko osowa mphamvu.
Chinsinsi cha njira yochiritsira, kutsitsa insulin
Chifukwa chake, chomwe chimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndiko kudya pafupipafupi kwa chakudya. Hemalo limadziunjikira pang'onopang'ono m'maselo a beta a kapamba. Kulowetsedwa kwa chakudya m'thupi kumagwira ntchito ngati chisonyezo chomwe chimapangitsa maselo omwe amatumiza insulin m'magazi.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya kulibe kanthu. Chifukwa chake, kusakudya kulikonse kumadziwika ndi insulin beta cell ngati chakudya chathunthu.
Chifukwa chake, ngati masana chakudya chikadatengedwa chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi kumachulukitsa katatu. Ngati, kuphatikiza pa njira zazikulu, pakadakhala zazakudya zina zitatu, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini kukwera nthawi 6 kutalika komwe. Chifukwa chake, njira yotsitsira ya insulin ya Babkin ndikuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya.
Zakudya zazing'ono siziyenera kusungidwa ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala kudzazidwa komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muzimva kukoma kuyambira kadzutsa mpaka chakudya chamadzulo komanso musanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Koma pakati mumatha kumwa madzi, khofi kapena tiyi. Zoyenera, kuchuluka kwa kudya kwakofunikira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuwirikiza kawiri, katatu, kangapo.
M'malo mwake, kutsatira izi sikophweka. Ndikofunikira kuyimitsa nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo kapena kadzutsa. Koma Dzikakamize kudya, osakhala ndi vuto lanjala sikuyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuiwala kusankhana komwe kumakhala kovomerezeka kudya chakudya chamadzulo usiku, chifukwa munthu akakhala ndi njala ayenera kudya, koma kudya chakudya atakhuta sikofunika.
Komabe, zokhwasula kwa odwala matenda ashuga sizomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Chinthu chachiwiri ndikumasulidwa kwa mahomoni omwe samayenderana ndi chakudya.
Insulin imalowa mkatikati mwa magazi kuchokera ku kapamba, ngakhale munthu asanadye. Mlingo uwu umatchedwa woyamba, koma umafunikiranso kuti ukhale ndi thupi, popeza uli ndi maselo omwe amafunikira kukonzanso mosalekeza. Ngakhale kuti inshuwaransi yakumbuyo ndiyotsika, ngati muyeza kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku, maziko ndi 50% ya gawo lonse.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ukamakula, kuchuluka kwa insulin kwamphamvu kumakulirakulira. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti thupi limakula, ndipo nalo nawo kulemera kwa maselo a beta kumawonjezeka, komwe kumayamba kupanga mahomoni ambiri. Koma kodi pakufunika chiyani kuti muchepetse ntchito?
Hormoni iliyonse imakhala ndi antihormone yomwe imalepheretsa, chifukwa m'thupi laumunthu machitidwe onse ayenera kukhala olinganiza. Ma hormone a insulini ndi IGF-1 (Insulin-ngati Kukula Factor-1). Pamene kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatsika pafupifupi zero.
Koma momwe mungapangire IGF-1 kugwira ntchito? Ma anti-insulin timene timapangidwa pa nthawi yogwira minofu. Zimathandizira minofu yam'mimba kuti izitenga msanga m'magazi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Shuga akamalowetsedwa ndi minofu, chikhazikitso chake m'magazi chimachepa. Popeza IGF-1 ndi insulin zimachepetsa glucose, zimawonekera kuti pomwe ma anti-insulin amayamba kuwonekera mumtsinje wamagazi, insulin imazimiririka.
Kupatula apo, mahomoni awiriwa sangakhale m'magazi nthawi imodzi, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa hypoglycemia. Thupi limapangidwa kuti IGF-1 imalepheretsa zobisika za insulin yoyamba.
Ndiye kuti, njira yotsatsira insulini imakhala yopanga mahomoni popanda jekeseni komanso kumwa mapiritsi. Makinawa ali ndi tanthauzo lakuthupi.
Mukamadya, thupi limatulutsa insulini, ndipo mukatha kudya pofuna kudzipatsanso maselo, thupi limayamba kupumula ndikugona. Koma ndi ntchito yayikulu, ntchito yayikulu ndikuchita izi, osati kutenga nawo gawo pachitukuko kapena kudzipangitsanso kwa maselo.
Mwanjira imeneyi, mumafunikira antihormone yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa maselo ndikugwira ntchito ya insulin, yomwe imakhala yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa kuyipatsanso kuchokera m'magazi kupita kumisempha. Koma ndimankhwala ati othandizira odwala matenda ashuga omwe amathandizira kupanga IGF-1? Zotsatira za kafukufuku wambiri zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa antihormone kumasulidwa pamene kukana kumagonjetsedwa panthawi yophunzitsidwa mphamvu.
Chifukwa chake, masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ndi dumbbells adzakhala othandiza kwambiri kuposa aerobics yokhazikika, ndipo kudumpha ndikuthamanga ndikothandiza kwambiri kuposa kuyenda. Ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwamphamvu kosalekeza, minofu yochulukitsa pang'onopang'ono, yomwe imapangitsa kuti IGF-1 ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kuti shuga ambiri azituluka m'magazi.
Chifukwa chake, njira yotsatsira insulini yochokera kwa Dr. Babkin imaphatikizapo kutsatira mfundo ziwiri. Loyamba ndi kudya kawiri kapena katatu patsiku kokana chakudya, ndipo chachiwiri ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwamphamvu nthawi zonse.
Mu kanema mu nkhaniyi, Elena Malysheva amalankhula za zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.
