Shuga wa m'magazi 5: shuga mu shuga

Glucose ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe chonse yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti ziwalo zonse zamkati zizigwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo ubongo. Kupatuka kwa shuga kuchokera pazinthu zabwino kumatha kubweretsa chisokonezo chonse.

Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi, makamaka glucose, uyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti gwero lalikulu lamphamvu lipezeke mosavuta ku ziwalo zonse ndi minyewa, koma siziyenera kukhala mkodzo.

Pakakhala kuphwanya shuga kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, izi zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi boma la hyperglycemic state (shuga yayikulu ndende) kapena boma la hypoglycemic (shuga yamagazi ochepa).

Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidwi, shuga m'magazi 5 - kodi ndiwambiri kapena pang'ono? Kuti muyankhe funso lofunsirali, muyenera kulingalira zaizoloŵezi, ndikufika pamalingaliro oyenera.

Kodi amati chiyani?

Munthu wathanzi labwino yemwe alibe mbiri yodwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi shuga m'magawo atatu kapena mpaka 5.5 (pamimba yopanda kanthu). Mu nyengo yomwe glucose samatengedwa ndi ma cell, kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kumayambira pang'onopang'ono koma kumadzuka.

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, glucose ndiye zinthu zamphamvu zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kuti chamoyo chonse chizigwira bwino ntchito.

Wodwala wodwala matenda oyamba, kapamba satulutsa timadzi tambiri. Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, chida chamkati chimabisa kuchuluka kofunikira kwa mahomoni, koma minyewa yofewa ya thupi siyimvetsetsa, motsatana, ndipo sangathe kuzidziwa bwino.

Maselo "akakhala ndi njala", makamaka, osalandira mphamvu yofunikira, moyo wa munthu umasintha. Wodwala amakhala ndi zofowoka kwambiri, alibe chidwi, amatopa msanga, kulemala kumatayika.

Kenako, thupi limayesetsa kudzipatula paokha kuti liyambe kuthana ndi shuga wambiri, chifukwa chake impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo amayamba kuyendera kuchimbudzi nthawi zambiri.

Muzochita zamankhwala, ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi za shuga m'magazi:

• Shuga wamagazi akakhala ochepera 3.3, amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.
• Mkulu wa shuga mthupi la munthu akamasiyana pakati pa 3.3 mpaka 5.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso mpaka 7.8 mukatha kudya, ndiye kuti ndizowonetsa.
• Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi pamimba yopanda kanthu kumaposa mayunitsi 5.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso zopitilira 7.8 mukatha kudya, uku ndi vuto la hyperglycemic.

Muzochitika zomwe zitsanzo za magazi zimachitika kuchokera m'mitsempha, zotsatira zosiyana pang'ono zimadziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino, kusiyanasiyana komwe kumachokera ku zigawo za 4.0 mpaka 6.1. Muzochitika pamene zizindikirozo zingasiyane ndi magawo 5.6 mpaka 6.6, kuphwanya shuga kumatha kukayikiridwa.

Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti shuga 5 ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu kuli pamwamba pa mayunitsi 6.7, ndiye kuti mutha kukayikira kukhalapo kwa matenda "okoma".

Glucose imakulitsa

Hyperglycemia ndi shuga wambiri mu plasma yamadzi obwera (magazi). Nthawi zina, gawo la hyperglycemic ndilabwinobwino, ndipo mu nkhani iyi titha kunena zina mwazinthu zofunikira za thupi la munthu, pakudya kwakukulu kwa shuga.

Mwachitsanzo, ndikulimbitsa thupi, kupweteka kwambiri, mantha, kukwiya. Ndipo kuchuluka kwamtunduwu kwa shuga kumawonedwa kwakanthawi kochepa, popeza izi zimachitika chifukwa cha katundu wochepa thupi.

Nthawi yomwe shuga yayitali imawonedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayendera magazi kumadutsa mochuluka kwambiri momwe thupi limagwirira kuyamwa, izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto la endocrine.

Dera la hypoglycemic limadziwika ndi chithunzi chachipatala chotsatira:

1. Kufuna kumwa nthawi zonse, kukonzekera mwachangu komanso moperewera. Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwamikodzo patsiku.
2. Kuuma pamkono wamkamwa, kutsekeka kwa khungu kumawonedwa.
3. Zowonongeka, kufooka, kutopa ndi ulesi.
4. Kuchepetsa thupi, ndipo zakudya zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi.
5. Zilonda ndi zipsera sizichiritsa nthawi yayitali.
6. Matenda opatsirana komanso fungal nthawi zambiri amawonedwa, omwe ndi ovuta kuchiritsa ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
7. Kuchepa kwa mkhalidwe wamalingaliro.

Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa msinkhu wa shuga kulibe vuto lililonse mthupi la munthu, wodwalayo amangokhala ndi ludzu lamphamvu komanso kukodza pafupipafupi.

Mu mkhalidwe wowopsa wa hyperglycemic, Zizindikiro zimakulirakulira, wodwalayo amakhala ndi mseru komanso kusanza, amakhala wokomoka komanso wolephera, kutaya chikumbumtima sikamachotsedwa.

Ngati shuga ndi 5, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula zodziwika bwino. Muzochitika zomwe zizindikirozo zimaposa mayunitsi 5.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti iyi ndi hyperglycemia, ndipo matenda "okoma" apezeka.

Kutsitsa shuga

Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemic ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutsitsa shuga kumakhala kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa hyperglycemic.

Monga lamulo, shuga amachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, pakakhala kuchuluka kwazomwe zimapangira inshuwaransi. Mwanjira ina, munthu amamwa chakudya chodabwitsa.

Kenako, kapamba amagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa chake, timadzi tambiri timene timapangidwa, ndipo shuga aliyense amatengeka ndi ma cell. Ndipo njirayi imatsogolera kuti pali kuchepa kwa shuga.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonedwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Zovuta za kapamba, zomwe zimalumikizana ndikukula kwa minofu yake yofewa, komanso maselo omwe amachititsa kuti timadzi timene timapanga.
• Tumor mawonekedwe a kapamba.
• Matenda akulu a chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe kugaya kwa glycogen kumasokonezeka.
• Pathology ya impso ndi adrenal glands.

Kutsitsa shuga wamwazi sikudutsa popanda kufufuza, ndipo kumakhala chithunzi cha matenda ena. Monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonetsedwa ndi kufooka kwakuthwa, thukuta lalikulu, kugwedezeka mwamphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, kuwopa kopanda chifukwa cha kufa, kuwonjezereka kwa kusokonekera komanso kusangalala, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, kumverera kwanjala kumapezeka.

Ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga, kusiya kuzindikira kumapezeka, ndipo vutoli limatchedwa hypoglycemic coma mu shuga mellitus.

Kudziletsa kwa kusokonezeka kwa shuga

Monga zadziwika kale, shuga wa mayunitsi asanu ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Koma muzochitika zingapo, zizindikiro za shuga zimatha kukhala zotsutsana, chifukwa chomwe dokotala amalimbikitsa kuti ayese kuyesa kwa kuphwanya shuga.

Kuyesera kulolerako ndi njira yabwino komanso yothandiza yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopeza zovuta komanso zobisika za kagayidwe kazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a shuga.

Amalimbikitsidwanso ngati zotsatira zoyipa zamagazi zimapezeka.

Kuyesedwa uku ndikulimbikitsa gulu lotsatirali la odwala:

1. Kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro za shuga okwanira m'thupi, koma nthawi zina amapeza shuga mu mkodzo.
2. Kwa odwala omwe alibe matenda am'matenda, koma ndi zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwamkodzo patsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro zabwino za shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu zimadziwika.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera.
4. Odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, koma ali ndi shuga m'magazi, komanso ngati alibe mkodzo.
5. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa cha matendawa, koma alibe zisonyezo zakukula kwa glucose m'thupi.
6. Amayi omwe panthawi yoyembekezera amapeza ma kilogalamu oposa 17, pomwe amakhala ndi mwana wolemera oposa kilogalamu 4.5.

Kuti achite mayeso oterowo, wodwala amapeza kaye magazi a shuga (pamimba yopanda kanthu), ndipo pambuyo pake amupatsa iye magalamu 75 a shuga, omwe amamuthandizira madzi ofunda. Kutsimikiza kulekerera kumachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 60 ndi 120.

Glycated hemoglobin ndi zizindikiro zake

Kufufuza kwa glycated hemoglobin ndi njira yodalirika yopezera matenda a shuga. Chowunikirachi chimayeza peresenti, ndipo zizowoneka zake ndizofanana kwa ana ndi akulu omwe.

Glycated hemoglobin ndi chizindikiro cha biochemical chomwe chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu nthawi yayitali (mpaka masiku 90).

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta kumakuthandizani kuti mudziwe zotsatira za shuga pang'onopang'ono panthawi yophunzirayo, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe a glycated hemoglobin amakulolani kudziwa zotsatira za shuga kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wazosintha zamphamvu.

Dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated sikudalira nthawi yatsiku, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe wodwala amakhala nazo, chakudya ndi mankhwala, momwe akumvera wodwalayo, ndi zina zake.

Ubwino wa phunziroli ndi mfundo izi:

• Magazi amatha kuperekedwa nthawi iliyonse, osati pamimba yopanda kanthu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kulondola kwa njirayo.
• Palibe chifukwa chomwa shuga, dikirani maola ochepa.
• Zotsatira zake sizikhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zatchulidwazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera mu phunziroli, mutha kudziwa ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kuwongolera shuga ake m'miyezi itatu yapitayi, kapena ngati chithandizo chikufuna kukonzedwa.

Ngakhale zili ndi zopindulitsa zambiri za phunziroli, lilinso ndi zovuta zina:

1. Kufufuza kwamtengo wapatali.
2. Ngati wodwala ali ndi zochepa zamafuta a chithokomiro, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zabodza zitha kupezeka.
3. Kusokoneza pazotsatira ngati wodwala ali ndi hemoglobin wochepa kapena kuchepera kwa chitsulo.
4. Zipatala zina sizimachita mayeso otere.

Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zikuwonetsa 5.7% ya hemoglobin ya glycated, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga amachepetsa mpaka zero. Ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zizindikiro kuyambira 5.7 mpaka 6%, titha kunena kuti palibe matenda ashuga, koma kuthekera kwa kakulidwe kake ndikokwera kwambiri.

Ngati zizindikirozo zingasiyane ndi 6.1 mpaka 6,4%, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za prediabetesic state ndi chiopsezo chotukuka kwa matenda. Zotsatira zopitilira 6.5%, kupezeka kwa matenda “okoma”, ndipo njira zina zodziwikiratu ndizoyenera.

Shuga ndi Mimba

Ngati tikulankhula za kuchuluka kwa glucose panthawi yakubala, ndiye kuti azimayi amasiyana magawo 3.3 mpaka 6.6. Pa milungu 28, mayi akulangizidwa kuti ayese mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga.

Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizotsatira zake, mutatha kutenga magalamu 50 a glucose, Zizindikiro sizipitilira magawo 7.8. Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zitaposa chiwerengerochi, ndiye kuti mkaziyo akulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kwa maola atatu ndi magalamu 100 a shuga.

Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimawonekera m'munsimu:

• Mwazi wamagazi pambuyo pa mphindi 60 pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amawoneka ngati chisonyezo cha magawo opitilira 10.5.
• Kuzungulira kwa glucose pambuyo pa mphindi 120 ndi zoposa magawo 9.2.
• Maola atatu pambuyo pake, zopitilira 8.

Gulu lina la kugonana koyenera limakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga. Amaphatikizanso azimayi omwe amakhala ndi pakati atakwanitsa zaka 30 zakubadwa. Komanso azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo.

Nthawi zina, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana kutengera matenda osiyanasiyana omwe sanasonyeze kale kukula kwawo. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga amatha kusintha chifukwa chakuchulukirapo kwambiri kwa thupi panthawi yobereka.

Chifukwa chake, kuti tiweruze kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi laumunthu, zosunthira ziwiri zokha ndizofunikira: zotsatira za kafukufuku pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso shuga m'thupi pakatha mphindi 120 pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndipo gawo lomaliza ndi hemoglobin ya glycated, yomwe imalola kuti adokotala akhazikitse matenda ake omaliza. Nkhani yothandizira pa gwero lathu ikunena za zomwe zimayenera kukhala magazi a glycated hemoglobin m'magazi. Ndipo kanemayo munkhaniyi akamba za zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda ashuga.