Shuga 5.3 - ndizabwinobwino kapena zochuluka? Muzochita zamankhwala, chizindikiritso chakhazikitsidwa chomwe chimatsimikizira zizindikilo zovomerezeka za shuga m'thupi la munthu. Nthawi zambiri, ngati malire a glucose samakhala ochepera 3.3, koma osapitirira mayunitsi 5.5.
Chifukwa chake, mndandanda wama shuga pamayendedwe pafupifupi 5.3 ndi mtengo wabwinobwino womwe suyenera kupitilira muyeso wodziwika wachipatala. Komabe, ziwerengero zimanena kuti mwa anthu athanzi labwino pazithunzi zambiri, shuga m'magazi amasiyana magawo 4,4 mpaka 4,8.
Kuphatikizika kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito athunthu lathunthu. Ndipo kupatuka kunthawi zonse mumaphwando kumakupangitsani kusamala.
Ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa glucose m'magazi kumachitikira, ndipo kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse mu chikhalidwe cha amuna, akazi ndi ana? Kodi kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika bwanji ndipo zotsatira zake zimasankhidwa bwanji?
Udindo wa shuga
Akalankhula za shuga mthupi, timatanthawuza dzina lanyumba la shuga. Ndipo chinthuchi chimagwira ngati gawo lalikulu lomwe likuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito onse amkati ndi machitidwe, ndiye kuti, limayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a thupi lonse lathunthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ubongo sungagwire ntchito popanda glucose, ndipo kuchepa kwa chinthuchi kumayambitsa zopinga za ubongo ndi kusintha kwina kwamunthu. Mphamvu ya ubongo imagwiritsa ntchito shuga wokha, yemwe sangasinthidwe ndi ma analogues a carbohydrate.
Ndiye shuga ndi chiyani? Glucose ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito yofanana ndi thupi. Makamaka, glucose imapereka mphamvu ku "ziwalo" zonse - uwu ndi ubongo, ziwalo zamkati, maselo, minofu yofewa.
Popeza thupi la munthu limapanga zokha, palokha limalamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ngati pazifukwa zina pali kusowa kwa shuga, ndiye kuti athe kupeza mphamvu zofunika, thupi limatenga minofu yamafuta monga maziko, omwe amayesa kukhalabe akugwira ntchito mokwanira.
Komabe, pakugawa mafuta ophatikizika, kuchitikanso kwina kumawonedwa, matupi a ketone amasulidwa, omwe nawonso ndi zida zowopsa thupi ndi ubongo.
Chitsanzo chodabwitsadi cha matenda am'mimba awa ndi ana ang'ono omwe, panthawi yakudwala, amakhala ndi vuto la kugona kwambiri komanso kufooka, ndikuwatsutsana ndi nseru, kusanza, ndi zizindikiro zina zimadziwika nthawi zambiri.
Vutoli limawonedwa chifukwa chakuti thupi lilibe mphamvu zokwanira, limayesera kuti litenge kuchokera ku minofu ya adipose, koma pakupanga matupi a ketone amapangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi.
Njira yokhayo yopezera glucose ndikudya chakudya. Gawo lalikulu la shuga limakhalabe m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale glycogen.
Ndipo munthawi imeneyi pamene thupi likufunika mphamvu, glycogen amasinthidwa modabwitsa kukhala shuga.
Kodi shuga amawongolera bwanji mthupi?
Kuti muwongolere shuga pamlingo wofunikira, mumafunikira kuchuluka kwamahomoni - insulin, yomwe imapangidwa kudzera kapamba.
Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti, kuposa momwe zimakhalira, ndiye kuti mapangidwe a kapamba akuchulukirapo, pali insulin yambiri.
Insulin ndi chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira kukhudzika kwa glucose pamaselo a ma cell, amathandizira kupanga glycogen mu chiwindi kuchokera kwa iwo. Zotsatira zake, pali kuchepa kwa shuga ndi kusintha kwake pamlingo woyenera.
Wotsutsa wamkulu wa insulin ya mahomoni ndi mahomoni ena apachifwamba otchedwa glucagon. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kumachepa, ndiye kuti amapangidwa mokulira.
Glucagon imathandizira kutsika kwa glycogen m'chiwindi, chifukwa chomwe shuga amalowa m'magazi. Mahomoni a adrenal - adrenaline ndi norepinephrine angathandize kuwonjezera shuga.
Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti pali mahomoni ambiri omwe amatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, koma pali hormone imodzi yokha yomwe imatsimikizira kuchepa kwake.
Mulingo wamba wa shuga mwa akulu
Zisonyezo zamatenda a glucose sizimadalira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, motero adzakhala ofanana kwa oyimira amuna amphamvu komanso ogonana. Komabe, limodzi ndi kudziyimira pawokha pathupi, pali zikhalidwe zina za m'badwo.
Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwachilengedwe pakupanga shuga, zitsanzo za magazi zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, pomwe sizikulimbikitsidwa kudya osachepera maola 10 musanayesedwe nokha. Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda opatsirana, ndiye kuti izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza.
Ngati munthu apereka magazi chifukwa cha shuga, koma pali matenda ena, muyenera kumdziwitsa adotolo. Dokotala akamatsutsa zotsatira zake, azikumbukira izi.
Zotsatira zakuyesa kwamagazi:
- Ngati zitsanzo za magazi zinkachitika kuyambira chala, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose koyenera kumasiyana magawo 3.3 mpaka 5.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo pothira shuga mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga sayenera kupitirira malire a magawo 7.8.
- Madzi am'madzi atatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, kusinthasintha kwa magawo a 4.0 mpaka 6.1 pamimba yopanda kanthu kumawoneka ngati zikuwonetseratu magazi a venous.
- Ngati pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga ali ndi magawo 7,0 kuphatikiza, ndiye kuti dokotala adzazindikira dzikolo. Izi sizoyambitsa matenda ashuga, koma zonse zimapita kwa izo.
- Ndi zotsatira za shuga mwa amuna ndi akazi opitilira muyeso wama 7.0, titha kulankhula za matenda ashuga okhazikika.
Mosadabwitsa, kafukufuku m'modzi yekha sapereka lingaliro lakuchitika mthupi la munthu. Ngati pali kukayikira kwa prediabetes kapena matenda ashuga, adokotala amalimbikitsa kuti kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kuchitike.
Mwachitsanzo, kuyesedwa kwa glucose. Ngati zotsatira zake ndi magawo 7.8, ndiye kuti mutha kutsutsa kukayikira kwamatenda. Panthawi yomwe kafukufukuyu adawonetsa zotsatira kuchokera ku magawo 7.8 mpaka 11.1, titha kulankhula za prediabetes, komanso chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda ashuga.
Ngati mayeso ololera a glucose adawonetsa zotsatira za mayunitsi 11.1, ndi mayeso ena akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta, ndiye kuti titha kukambirana za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.
Mimba ndi shuga
Pakubala kwa mwana, thupi limamugonjera katundu wowirikiza, chifukwa amafunika kupereka mphamvu osati kwa mkazi yekha, komanso kuti athandizire kukulira kwachibadwa kwa intrauterine kwa mwana.
Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, mayi amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi insulini, chifukwa zomwe glucose zimapangitsa m'thupi nthawi imeneyi zimatha kukula pang'ono.
Chifukwa chake, ndizachilendo ngati malire apamwamba a shuga panthawi yapakati ndi mayunitsi 6.1-6.2, ndipo malire ochepera a glucose amachokera kumagawo 3.8. Ngati shuga ndi wamkulu kuposa 6.2 mmol / L, kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumalimbikitsidwa.
Pakubala kwa mwana, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa momwe thupi lanu liliri, kusamala kwambiri ndi zisonyezo zilizonse zomwe zimawoneka mwadzidzidzi komanso kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika.
Kutenga pakati kwa milungu 24 mpaka 28 ndi nthawi yomwe kukana kwakukulu kwa mahomoni omwe amalamulira shuga wamagazi kumatha. Izi zikachitika, wodwalayo amakula matenda a shuga.
Pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, chithunzicho chimatha kukhazikika m'njira ziwiri:
- Zizindikiro za matenda amiseche amatha, zizindikiro za shuga zimakhazikika pamlingo wofunikira pawokha.
- Matenda a 2 a shuga amakula.
Ngakhale kuti njira yachiwiri siinachitike kawirikawiri, komabe tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira thanzi lanu, kukaonana ndi dokotala pafupipafupi ndikumayesedwa. Gulu loopsalo limaphatikizapo kugonana koyenera, yemwe adabereka mwana wopitilira ma kilogalamu 4.5.
Komanso azimayi omwe, pakubala kwa mwana, amalemera kwambiri ma kilogalamu 17 kuphatikiza ndi okwera.
Pali zisonyezo zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga akamadwala. Tikuwonetsa zodziwika kwambiri:
- Kulakalaka kudya, kumangokhala ndi njala.
- Kuchulukana komanso pafupipafupi, kuwonjezeka kwamikodzo mwachindunji patsiku.
- Chilichonse chofuna kumwa.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi.
Pachizindikiro chimodzi, sikungatheke kudziwa matenda ashuga. Pankhani imeneyi, pofuna kutsutsa kapena kutsimikizira zomwe adaganizazo, adotolo amalimbikitsa kuti ayesere mkodzo ndikuyezetsa magazi.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yapakati, iyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikuthandizani chakudya chamafuta ochepa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kosavuta, kusamba nthawi zonse.
Ana ndi shuga
Mwa ana, shuga wabwinobwino amasiyana ndi anthu akuluakulu. Mwa mwana wochepera zaka ziwiri, zoyenera sizabwino poyerekeza ndi kwa ana asukulu zakubadwa.
Shuga wamagazi mpaka chaka chimodzi mwa mwana amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 2.8 mpaka 4,4, ndipo izi ndizomwe zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mwazi wamagazi mpaka zaka zisanu ndi wochokera ku mayunitsi 3.3 mpaka 5.0. Mpakafika zaka 11, Zizindikiro za shuga zimachokera ku 3.3 mpaka 5.2 mayunitsi. Pamwamba pa m'badwo uno, mfundo zimafanana ndi anthu akuluakulu.
Ngati shuga wa magazi wamwana pamimba yopanda kanthu atakwera mpaka mayunitsi 6.1, izi ndizoyambitsa nkhawa. Koma malinga ndi kusanthula kwina, kumakhala koyamba kwambiri kuyankhula za china chilichonse, motero mwana amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayesere kuyesedwa kwa glucose.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana:
- Pathology imatha kumera mwa mwana mosasamala za msinkhu wake.
- Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti malingaliro oyamba a matenda "okoma" amatuluka nthawi yakutha, komanso muubwana.
Tsoka ilo, ngakhale atapangidwa mankhwala amakono, sizinatheke kukhazikitsa zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa kukhudzana kwa shuga m'magulu oyamba a matenda a shuga. Komabe, zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse matendawa zimanenedwa.
Nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda opatsirana. Kusagwirizana ndi shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi pamene ana amamwa zakudya zambiri zamatumbo.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti matenda a shuga amabadwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi vuto loti mwana akudwala ndi woposa 25%. Ngati kholo limodzi lokha lili ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti chiwopsezocho chili pafupifupi 10%.
Ngati matenda amodzi amapezeka, ndiye kuti mwana wachiwiri ali pachiwopsezo, ndipo mwayi wa matenda oyandikira kwa 50%.
Shuga wotsika
Matenda a shuga ndi mliri wamakono. Ziwerengero zamankhwala zimati izi ndi zachitatu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Matenda a shuga enieniwo sayesa kuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo, koma zovuta zambiri zimayambitsa kulumala ndi kufa.
Tsoka ilo, ngakhale ndi chithandizo chokwanira komanso chofunikira kwambiri, simungathetse matenda. Maziko amoyo wabwinobwino ndicho chipukuta cha shuga, chifukwa chomwe chitha kuchepetsa zizindikiritso za glucose pamlingo wofunikira, ndikuwasunga mkati mwa izi.
Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndizovuta, ndipo zimatengera mtundu wake. Mu mtundu woyamba, kuyika insulin mwachangu ndikulimbikitsidwa, ndipo mankhwalawa ndi amoyo wonse. Mlingo, kusankha kwa mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe kake kumalimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala, poganizira zifukwa zonse.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umadziwika ndi kudziimira pawokha popanda insulin, ndipo chithandizo chake chitha kuchitidwa motere:
- Chithandizo chachikulu ndicho zakudya zochizira matenda ashuga komanso kudya 5-6 patsiku.
- Odziwika tsiku lililonse shuga.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira.
Ngati zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikuthandizira kulipira matenda, ndiye kuti dokotala amakupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Zochita zimawonetsa kuti kuphatikiza pazakudya ndi masewera, ndizotheka kulandira chipukuta misozi.
Pakufotokozera mwachidule, titha kunena kuti chizolowezi cha shuga mwa akulu ndi 3.3-5.5. Ngati kupatuka kumapitirira mpaka ma unit 7.0 kumawonedwa, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za prediabetes. Panthawi yomwe shuga amasala kudya kuposa mayunitsi 7.0 - izi zikuwonetsa matenda ashuga.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za miyezo ya shuga wamagazi ndipo amapereka malingaliro ochepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.
