Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe amapezeka m'thupi. Kuperewera kwa shuga kumawonjezera kukula kwa glucose, chifukwa chomwe chimafikira kwambiri. Ngati shuga ndi magawo 28, chingachitike ndi chiyani?
Ngakhale kuti matenda "okoma" ndiwosachiritsika, komanso othandiza komanso mokwanira, matendawa amatha kulipiridwadi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala azikhala moyo wabwino komanso wathanzi.
Ngati palibe kuwongolera mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kapena chithandizo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kumapitilira. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe amthupi ndi machitidwe zizigwirizana.
Kodi ndikofunikira kulingalira zovuta ziti zomwe zingayambike ndi matenda a shuga, ndikupeza momwe mungathanirane nawo?
Ketoacidosis ndi zovuta pachimake matenda
Ketoacidosis ndimavuto oyipa obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga osawerengeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala mwa odwala omwe samawongolera matenda awo.
Pakuwonjezereka kwa acidity m'magazi azinthu zachilengedwe, wodwalayo akuwonetsa kukhumudwa ndi kukhumudwa, ndizotheka kuti posakhalitsa akhale ndi chibwibwi, ndipo atatha kupuma.
Ichi ndiye chithunzi chomwe chili ndi ketoacidosis motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda "okoma". Ndipo chithunzichi ndichipatala chimafuna chisamaliro chachipatala mwachangu, popeza mwayi wakupha umachuluka kwambiri.
Mayendedwe a matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis:
- Mwazi wamagazi umakwera kuposa magawo 14.
- Zomwe matupi a ketone mumkodzo amaposa magawo asanu.
- Mzere woyezera womwe umayatsidwa mu mkodzo umawonetsa kupezeka kwa ma ketones mmenemo.
Monga lamulo, izi pathological mkhalidwe umayamba mwa odwala motsutsana ndi maziko a insulin yokwanira m'thupi la munthu. Kuperewera kwa mahormone kumatha kutchedwa Mtheradi, womwe umapezeka mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda, komanso wachibale - mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda.
The etiology ya chitukuko cha mavuto amatengera mfundo izi:
- Kuperewera kwa shuga pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera (wodwalayo amamuwonetsa zosowonjezera kamodzi pa sabata).
- Wodwalayo amachepetsa muyeso wa insulin, kapena amalephera jakisoni wa mahomoni.
- Matenda opatsirana, omwe adapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kwa mahomoni, koma wodwalayo sanabwezeretse mankhwalawo.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa mankhwala omwe adatha, kapena sanasungidwe bwino.
- Makonzedwe olakwika a mahomoni.
Ketoacidosis imakula msanga, m'masiku ochepa chabe. Nthawi zina, kusokonezeka kotereku kumatha kuchitika pasanathe maola 24. Poyamba, wodwalayo amamva kufooka komanso kutopa, amafuna kumwa mosalekeza, kuwuma kwambiri kwa khungu kumawululidwa.
Ndipo pamakhala kuphatikizika kwa matupi a ketone m'thupi, chifukwa cha mseru, kusanza kumawonjezeredwa pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, kununkhira kwina kwamkamwa mwawo kumawululidwa, kupuma kumakhala mtundu wachilendo - wodwalayo amapuma kwambiri komanso mofuula.
Wodwala akakhala ndi zizindikiro zotere, amafunika kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi kuchipatala. Sizotheka kuthana ndi vutoli kunyumba, chiopsezo cha imfa ndichachikulu.
Impso ndi matenda ashuga
Ngati shuga wambiri ndi magawo 28 - ichi ndi chowopsa kwa wodwalayo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amachititsa impso kukhala zovuta zingapo, ndipo amatchedwa kuti owopsa komanso owopsa. Kafukufuku akuti pathologies a impso motsutsana ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa nthawi zambiri ndimomwe wodwalayo amwalira msanga.
Impso iliyonse yamunthu ndiye "mwini" wa gulu lalikulu kwambiri la glomeruli lapadera. Zosefera zomwe zimapereka kuyeretsa magazi kuzinthu zonyansa ndi zinthu zoopsa.
Kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi michere, kudutsa zosefera, kumabwereranso ku njira yoyenderera. Ndipo zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa mkati mwa kusefa zimalowa mu chikhodzodzo, zitatha ndikuthira mkodzo.
Monga zikudziwika kale, ndi shuga wosalamulirika, shuga m'magazi amachulukitsidwa kwambiri, motero, magazi am'magazi amapita kudzera mu impso, momwe muli shuga wambiri.
Shuga "imakoka" timadzi tambiri limodzi ndi iwo, chifukwa cha momwe kupanikizika mkati mwa glomerulus iliyonse kumakulirakulira. Kenako, glomerulus iliyonse imazunguliridwa ndi nembanemba, yomwe, motsogozedwa ndi kukakamizidwa, imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Zombo zama capillary zimasamutsidwa, ma glomeruli omwe amagwira ntchito amakhala ochepa, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti asokonezedwe.
Zotsatira zake, impso imagwira ntchito molakwika, zizindikilo zakulephera zimapezeka:
- Mutu, ulesi, kufooka, kupanda chidwi.
- Zovuta za mseru komanso kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba.
- Kusokoneza kwam'mimba.
- Kukhazikika kwa khungu kosatha, kulawa kwazitsulo pamkamwa.
- Amanunkhiza koyipa kuchokera mkamwa, kufupika kumawonekera.
Zachidziwikire, kuwonongeka kwa impso sichinthu chofulumira, ndipo njira yodabwitsayi imafunikira nthawi yokwanira kuti ichitike.
Ngati shuga m'magazi amakwezedwa pafupipafupi, amalumpha pazabwino kwambiri za shuga, ndiye kuti patatha zaka 10 kapena pang'ono, wodwala matenda ashuga adzakumana ndi vutoli.
Retinopathy monga zovuta za matenda ashuga
Retinopathy ndikuphwanya mitsempha ya magazi a retina. Imachitika nthawi zambiri, yodziwika ngati vuto lalikulu la shuga wambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti mkhalidwe wamtunduwu wapezeka mwa 85% ya omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, pomwe matenda am'mimba amaposa zaka 15. Ngati matendawa apezeka mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40, ndiye kuti ali kale ndi matendawa.
Tsoka ilo, zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zimatsogolera njirayi m'thupi sizingatchulidwe, ngakhale maphunziro onse. Masiku ano, asayansi amalimbikitsa malingaliro, koma kwa odwala matenda ashuga, izi sizofunikira konse.
Komabe, zinthu zomwe zingayambitse vutoli zimakhazikitsidwa bwino:
- Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Hypertension (kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi).
- Fodya, matenda aimpso.
- Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati, chinthu cholowa chamavuto.
- Gulu la wodwalayo (kuchuluka kwa zovuta kumawonjezereka ndi zaka za wodwalayo).
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha retinopathy ndikuphwanya kwamawonedwe owoneka. Wodwalayo amatha kuwona kwambiri, kapena amayamba kuiwaliratu. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena molimba mtima kuti chithandizo akangoyamba kumene, ndiye kuti chitha kupewa bwino khungu.
Zokhudza chithandizo cha vutoli, sizikupanga nzeru kumwa mankhwala aliwonse kuti athandize mitsempha yamagazi. Njira yosavuta, ndipo koposa zonse, yogwira ntchito bwino ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kusunga zizindikilo pamlingo wofunikira.
Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwongolera shuga anu kangapo patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga m'magazi ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, mumakonda zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe komanso mapuloteni ambiri.
Matenda a shuga
Neuropathy yokhala ndi shuga mellitus imadziwika ndi kuphwanya kwamapangidwe kwa mathero a mitsempha yomwe ili pamphepete. Mitsempha iyi imatsogolera ku ubongo ndi chingwe cha msana, zimapereka chiwongolero cha minofu ndi ziwalo zamkati.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha pathological complication ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga mu thupi. Monga lamulo, zotsatira zoyipa sizimakhazikika nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri zaka zambiri za shuga zimadutsa asanapezeke.
Dziwani kuti ngati muchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuphunzira kusunga moyenera, ndiye kuti malekezero amitsempha amatha kuchira pawokha, ndipo zizindikiro za matendawo zimatha.
Matenda a shuga a "shuga" amakhala "olemera" muzizindikiro zosiyanasiyana:
- Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya miyendo.
- Kusokoneza kwam'mimba.
- Kusagona mu kugonana kwamphamvu.
- Kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa chikhodzodzo, kukokoloka kwamikodzo.
- Zowonongeka.
- Mutu, chizungulire.
- Mavuto akumeza chakudya.
- Minyewa.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuwonjezereka kwa shuga, komwe kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira, kumabweretsa kukula kwa mkhalidwe wamagulu.
Chifukwa chake, njira yolimba yothandizira wodwala ndikuchepetsa shuga, kukhalabe ndi gawo lomwe mukufuna.
Kupewa komanso kuletsa zotsatira
Monga momwe zikuwonekera paziwonetsero zomwe zanena za zovuta za mtundu woyamba wa 1 ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zodwala. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba sagwirira mahomoni, kapena osagwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wokwanira, ndiye kuti shuga imatha kukwera kwambiri.
Masiku ochepa pambuyo pake, kusowa kwamadzi kumawonedwa, kenako kumatha kuzindikira, kenako kuyambiranso. Izi ketoacidosis ndimatenda omwe amapha.
Glucose m'thupi imatha kukula kwambiri ngati wodwala wadwala kapena matenda opatsirana. Izi ndichifukwa mphamvu za thupi zimayendetsedwa kuti zimenyane ndi matendawa, ndipo mphamvu ya timadzi imachepa. Chifukwa chake, pamaso pa concomitant pathologies zamtunduwu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.
Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose m'thupi kungachititse kuti musakhale ndi vuto lililonse. Komabe, izi zimatsogolera pakukula kwa zovuta zambiri zovuta. Zowonongeka zamitsempha yamagazi zimawonedwa, magwiridwe antchito amkati amkati amakhala operewera.
Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa shuga, amafunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mthupi ndi zinthu zina za mtima.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupereka malingaliro amomwe mungachepetse shuga msanga.
