Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Funso lomwe munthu aliyense akudwala matenda a hyperglycemia amadwala. Ambiri mwa odwala amawona kuti matenda awowo ndi chilango cha kufa.
M'malo mwake, moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga sikhala wabwino nthawi zonse. Pochiza matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya nthawi zonse, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga komanso mwina kubayitsa insulin.
Kuyankha funso la kuchuluka kwa momwe mungakhalire ndi zilema mu chakudya cha carbohydrate, pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Uwu ndi mtundu wa matenda, kuuma kwa njira yake komanso zaka za wodwalayo. Chofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndi momwe munthu amatsatirira malangizo azachipatala.
Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa?
Matendawa akakhudza thupi, kapamba amadwala kaye, pomwe njira yopangira insulin imasokonekera. Ndi ma protein omwe amapatsa glucose muma cell a thupi kuti asunge mphamvu.
Ngati zikondazo zimasokoneza, shuga amatengedwa m'magazi ndipo thupi silipeza zinthu zofunika pantchito yake yofunika. Amayamba kuchotsa glucose m'mafuta ndi minofu yambiri, ndipo ziwalo zake zimatha pang'ono pang'ono ndikuwonongeka.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa shuga kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika:
- chiwindi
- mtima dongosolo;
- ziwalo zowoneka;
- dongosolo la endocrine.
Ndi chithandizo chosawerengeka kapena chosaphunzira, matendawa amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi thupi lonse. Izi zimachepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe akudwala matenda.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati zofuna zamankhwala sizikusungidwa zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi glycemia pamlingo woyenera, mavuto amakula. Ndiponso, kuyambira zaka 25, njira za ukalamba zimayambitsidwa m'thupi.
Momwe njira zowonongeka zimakhalira ndikusokoneza maselo obwereranso maselo zimachitika, zimatengera momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili. Koma anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga komanso osachiritsidwa amatha kudwala matenda opha ziwalo m'tsogolo, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa. Kafukufuku akuti akapezeka ndi vuto lalikulu la hyperglycemia, nthawi yayitali ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amachepa.
Mavuto onse okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga amagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Pachimake - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar ndi lacticidal chikomokere.
- Pambuyo pake - angiopathy, retinopathy, matenda ashuga, polyneuropathy.
- Matenda osokonezeka - zosokoneza pakugwira impso, mitsempha yamagazi ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.
Mavuto amachedwa komanso osachedwa kuopsa. Amafupikitsa moyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
Ndi zaka zingati zomwe ndimakhala ndi matenda ashuga? Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa ngati munthuyo ali pachiwopsezo. Kutheka kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a endocrine kumachitika mwa ana ochepera zaka 15.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1 shuga. Mwana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amafunika moyo wa insulin.
Kuvuta kwa maphunziro a hyperglycemia muubwana kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Pazaka izi, matendawa samapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono.
Moyo wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kuubwana umakhala wovuta chifukwa makolo nthawi zonse sangathe kuyang'anira machitidwe a tsiku la mwana wawo. Nthawi zina wophunzira amatha kuyiwala kumwa piritsi kapena kudya zakudya zopanda pake.
Zachidziwikire, mwana samazindikira kuti chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1 sichitha kufupikitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito moperewera zakudya ndi zakumwa. Chips, cola, maswiti osiyanasiyana ndimawakonda omwe ana amawakonda. Pakalipano, zinthu zotere zimawononga thupi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi moyo.
Komabe omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi anthu achikulire omwe amalephera kusuta ndudu ndikuledzera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe alibe zizolowezi zoyipa amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Ziwerengero zimawonetsa kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi atherosulinosis ndi hyperglycemia wodwala amatha kufa asanafike paukalamba. Kuphatikizikaku kumayambitsa zovuta zakupha:
- stroke, nthawi zambiri imapha;
- gangore, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuduladula miyendo, komwe kumalola munthu kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu atachitidwa opaleshoni.
Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zaka zingati?
Monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Yoyamba ndi mitundu yodalira insulini yomwe imapezeka pamene kapamba yemwe amalakwitsa kutulutsa insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka kawirikawiri ali aang'ono.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umachitika pamene kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira. Chifukwa chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhazikike amatha kukhala kukana kwa maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin.
Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amakhala? Kutalika kwa moyo wokhala ndi mawonekedwe odalira insulini kumadalira zinthu zambiri: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, insulin mankhwala ndi zina zotero.
Ziwerengero zimati mtundu wa ashuga 1 amakhala pafupifupi zaka 30. Munthawi imeneyi, munthu nthawi zambiri amalandira zovuta za impso ndi mtima, zomwe zimamupha.
Koma ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, anthu azindikira kuti adziwe asanakwanitse zaka 30. Ngati odwalawa amathandizidwa molimbika komanso molondola, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 50-60.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha njira zamakono zochizira, odwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70. Koma matendawa amakhala abwino pokhapokha ngati munthu akuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, amasunga mayeso a glycemia pamlingo woyenera kwambiri.
Wodwala matenda ashuga amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mu nthawi ya amayi amachepetsedwa ndi zaka 20, ndipo mwa amuna - azaka 12.
Ngakhale ndizosatheka kunena zenizeni kuti muthe kukhala ndi shuga nthawi yayitali bwanji. Zambiri zimatengera mtundu wamatendawa komanso momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili. Koma onse endocrinologists amakhulupirira kuti nthawi ya moyo wa munthu wodwala glycemia imadzidalira.
Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Matenda amtunduwu amadziwika nthawi 9 nthawi zambiri kuposa mawonekedwe omwe amadalira insulin. Imapezeka makamaka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, impso, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mtima ndizoyamba kuvutika, ndipo kugonjetsedwa kumayambitsa kufa msanga. Ngakhale amadwala, ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa matenda omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa odwala osadalira insulin, pafupifupi, moyo wawo umakhala wochepera zaka zisanu, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala olumala.
Mavuto omwe amakhalapo ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakhalanso chifukwa chakuti kuwonjezera pakudya ndi kumwa mankhwala a glycemic (Galvus), wodwalayo ayenera kuwunika momwe alili. Tsiku lililonse amakakamizidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kunena za zovuta za endocrine mwa ana. Chiyembekezero chokhala ndi moyo womwe odwala ali nawo m'badwo uno chimadalira nthawi yodziwika. Ngati matendawa apezeka kuti ali ndi mwana mpaka chaka, ndiye kuti izi zithandiza kupewa zovuta zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chithandizo china. Ngakhale masiku ano palibe mankhwala omwe amalola ana kuti apitilize kudziwa momwe moyo ulili popanda matenda a shuga, koma pali mankhwala omwe angakwanitse kukhala ndi shuga komanso matenda abwinobwino. Ndi chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino cha insulin, ana amapeza mwayi wosewera kwathunthu, kuphunzira komanso kukulitsa.
Chifukwa chake, mukazindikira matenda a shuga mpaka zaka 8, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 30.
Ndipo ngati matendawa amakula pambuyo pake, mwachitsanzo, zaka 20, ndiye kuti munthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70.
Kodi odwala matenda ashuga amawonjezera bwanji chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo?
Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga? Tsoka ilo, matendawa ndi osachiritsika. Izi, monga chakuti anthu onse amafa, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa.
Ndikofunika kuti tisachite mantha, ndipo zochitika zamphamvu za m'maganizo zimangokulitsa matendawa. Ngati ndi kotheka, wodwalayo angafunikire kukaonana ndi katswiri wazamisala ndi psychotherapist.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amaganiza momwe angakhalire patsogolo ayenera kudziwa kuti matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa mukamatsatira zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso osayiwala zamankhwala.
Zoyenera, ndi matenda amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, endocrinologist, pamodzi ndi wathanzi, ayenera kupanga zakudya zapadera za wodwalayo. Odwala ambiri amalangizidwa kuti azikhala ndi buku lazopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukonza zakudya komanso kutsatira kalori komanso zakudya zovulaza. Kukhala ndi odwala matenda ashuga sichinthu chovuta, komanso osati kwa odwala okha, komanso kwa abale awo, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire zakudya zomwe zingakhale zaphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya.
Kuyambira nthawi yomwe matendawa adapezeka, odwala akulangizidwa kuti adye:
- masamba
- chipatso
- zopangidwa mkaka;
- nyama ndi nsomba;
- nyemba, ufa wonse wa tirigu, mitundu ya pasitala yolimba.
Kodi mchere ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala matenda ashuga? Amaloledwa kudya, koma mpaka magalamu 5 patsiku. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ufa woyera, mafuta, maswiti, ndi mowa komanso fodya ayenera kusiyiratu.
Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga kwa iwo onenepa kwambiri? Ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza pa chakudya, kuphunzitsidwa mwadongosolo kumafunika.
Kukula, kuchuluka kwa nthawi komanso kutalika kwa katunduyo kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi dokotala. Koma, kwenikweni, odwala amapatsidwa makalasi a tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe amakhala mpaka mphindi 30.
Omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa pakamwa kuti aletse kutulutsa kwa hyperglycemia. Njira zitha kukhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana:
- biguanides;
- zotumphukira sulfonylurea;
- alpha glucosidase zoletsa;
- zotumphukira za thiazolidinone;
- ma protein;
- dipeptidyl peptidiasis zoletsa 4.
Chithandizo chimayamba ndi amodzi mwa magulu awa a mankhwalawa. Kupitilira apo, kusintha kwa kuphatikiza chithandizo ndikotheka, pamene awiri, atatu ochepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta, kusintha magazi m'thupi ndikuchepetsa kufunika kwa insulin.
Odwala omwe akhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali mtsogolo sangafunike chithandizo cha insulin, pokhapokha ngati malingaliro onse omwe ali pamwambawa akuwonetsedwa. Ngati pali matenda amtundu 1, muyenera kukhala nawo bwanji, chifukwa wodwalayo amayenera kubayitsa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku?
Pambuyo pozindikira matendawa, mankhwala a insulin ndi omwe amakwaniritsidwa. Izi ndizofunikira, ndipo ngati sanapatsidwe, munthu angagwetse pansi kenako n kufa.
Kumayambiriro kwa zamankhwala, kuyambitsidwa kwa Mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala kungakhale kofunikira. Ndikofunikira kuti vutoli likwaniritsidwe, apo ayi mtsogolo wodwalayo adzafunika insulin yambiri.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikatha kudya kumafika mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikupanga jakisoni wa insulin kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 3 mayunitsi patsiku.
Kutengera kutalika kwa vuto, mitundu inayi ya insulin imasiyanitsidwa:
- ultrashort;
- mwachidule
- sing'anga;
- kukulitsidwa.
Malangizo a insulin ndi chidziwitso cha mitundu yanji ya mankhwalawa omwe amayenera kubayidwa, ndi pafupipafupi, Mlingo komanso nthawi yanji ya tsiku. Chithandizo cha insulin chimayikidwa payekha, malinga ndi zomwe zidalembedwa muzolemba pawokha.
Kuti muyankhe funso, odwala matenda ashuga angati akukhala nacho, muyenera kuganizira zambiri. Kukhala wopanda nkhawa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya nthawi yomweyo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo ngakhale wodwala wamkulu kwambiri chiziwonjezeka ndi zaka 10 kapena 20.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
