Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kwamatenda a kagayidwe kazakudya kumathandiza kudziwa matenda ashuga koyambirira, motero lipatseni mankhwala kuti muchepetse vuto la shuga pakhoma la mitsempha.
Njira zochizira komanso zodzitetezera zomwe zimayambitsidwa pamlingo wololera shuga, zomwe zimatengedwa ngati boma la prediabetes, ndizothandiza kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, matenda enieni a shuga sangathe.
Zoyenera kuchita kwa odwala oterowo, adokotala ayenera kusankha pamaziko a mayeso athunthu. Naturalization zakudya, kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi, kupewa mankhwala ndi kuwunika shuga wamagazi nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa.
Kodi magazi a shuga amatha kutuluka chifukwa chiyani?
Glucose wama cell a thupi ndiye gwero lalikulu la zakudya. Imapezeka mu zakudya zabwino, sucrose, fructose ndi wowuma nthawi zina imasandulika kukhala mamolekyulu a glucose panthawi yamayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo, makamaka shuga ndi ufa woyera, shuga wamagazi amakwera mwachangu.
Gwero lachiwiri la glucose ndi malo ogulitsira a glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu, omwe amawonongeka mphamvu zikafunika pakati pa chakudya. Chiwindi chimatha kuphatikiza mamolekyulu atsopano a glucose omwe alibe glycogen. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni komanso mafuta pazinthu. Kuwongolera kwa zamankhwala amtunduwu kumachitika ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa mahomoni.
Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumapangitsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe. Ichi ndiye maholide akuluakulu omwe amathandiza kutsika shuga popewa shuga m'maselo. Ngati thupi lili ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa maola 1.5-2 m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikwabwinobwino.
Kuphatikiza pa insulin, ma adrenal, chithokomiro, komanso mahomoni a pituitary amakhudzanso glycemia. Iwo, limodzi ndi kukula kwa mahomoni ndi glucagon, amalimbikitsa kukula kwa shuga m'magazi. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha shuga kwambiri pamavuto, kusokonezeka kwa magazi pachimake, matenda opatsirana, kutentha ndi kuvulala.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia ndi matenda ashuga. Limodzi ndi zovuta kagayidwe kachakudya mafuta:
- Insulin simalowa m'magazi, chifukwa maselo omwe amatulutsa amawonongeka (mtundu 1 wa shuga).
- Muli insulini yokwanira m'magazi, koma ma cell receptor samvera chidwi ndi izo (mtundu 2 shuga).
- Gluu kuchokera ku chakudya sangalowe m'maselo, kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumakulitsidwa.
- Mafuta, minofu ndi minyewa ya chiwindi zimavutika ndi njala, chifukwa zimamwa glucose potenga insulin.
- Ma mamolekyulu a glucose amakopa madzi kuchokera ku minofu ndikuwachotsa kudzera mu impso - kuchepa kwa madzi kumayamba.
Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri. Mtundu woyamba ndi shuga wodalira insulin, popeza pali kusowa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni chifukwa cha chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha maselo a pancreatic. Vutoli limakhala cholowa, ndipo ma virus, ma poizoni, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amapanikizika kukula.
Kuyambira m'masiku oyamba kumayambiriro kwa chizindikiro, odwala amafunikira jakisoni wokhazikika, chifukwa popanda kulandira chithandizo amawonjezera shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera matupi a ketone omwe ali ndi poizoni ku ubongo. Ndi matenda olakwika a horoni osakonzekera, vuto lotheka limatheka.
Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amapezeka mwa anthu okalamba onenepa kwambiri, wokhala ndi moyo wongokhala, kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zakudya zamafuta, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Zinthu zonsezi zimayambitsa kuti maselo amasiya kuyankha insulin kulowa m'magazi.
Kuphatikiza pa hyperglycemia, matenda a shuga a 2 amaphatikizidwa ndi hyperinsulinemia, yomwe imaletsa kutentha kwa mafuta. Matenda a 2 a shuga nawonso ndi matenda obadwa nawo, koma zinthu zomwe zimathetsedwa zimakhudzanso kuchitika kwake. Zoyenera kuchita kuti matenda asinthe? Tsatirani zakudya, sinthani kwambiri ndikumamwa mankhwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa.
Pa nthawi ya pakati, glycemia imatha kuchuluka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni am'mimba. Zinthu ngati izi, pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, zimasandulika kukhala zenizeni zamphepo kapena kuzimiririka.
Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amayenera kuwongolera shuga m'magazi awo, chifukwa kukula kwake kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta mu fetus.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi
Mutha kuyang'ana shuga wamagazi mu labotale kapena kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana masana, popeza zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, chifukwa chake machitidwe a metabolic, sangakhale omwewo. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze matenda olondola, muyenera kupereka magazi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yotsiriza mungathe kudya maola 8-10 musanawunikidwe, ndipo patsiku la mayeso amaloledwa kumwa madzi oyera okha pang'ono. Zotsatira zabodza zimatha kuyambitsa kusuta kapena kusewera masewera asanafufuze, komanso kumwa mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala a mahomoni.
Magazi othamanga a glucose amathanso kusiyanasiyana magazi a m'magazi akapezeka m'magazi a capillary ndi venous. Zimatengera zaka za wodwalayo, kwa ana aang'ono ndi okalamba pambuyo pazaka 60, zomwe zimagwirizana sizingafanane ndi pafupifupi. Munthu amadziwika kuti ndi wathanzi ngati magazi a shuga ali ndi (m'mol / l):
- M`mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba - 3,3 - 5.5 m'mwazi kuchokera chala, mu venous magazi - 3,3-5,5, plasma wa venous magazi - 4 - 6.1.
- Mukatha kudya pambuyo pa maola awiri kapena nthawi iliyonse kunja kwa chakudya - pansipa 7.8.
Ndi matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizokwera. Ngati glycemia wosala kudya imaposa 6.1, ndipo mutatha kudya 11.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti pali chifukwa chodziwitsira. Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, amathanso kukhala osinthika pomwe shuga ndiwopanda vuto, koma m'munsimu mulingo wa matenda ashuga.
Matenda a shuga amadziwika m'njira ziwiri - glycemia wosokoneza. Mwachitsanzo, shuga ndi 6 3 mmol / l, ndipo mukatha kudya sakhala apamwamba kuposa abwinobwino. Ngati shuga ndiwambiri pambuyo pokhapokha chakudya (kapena shuga), ndipo pamimba yopanda kanthu siyapamwamba kuposa 6.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti amapezeka ndi kuvomerezedwa kwamomwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizololera.
Chifukwa chake, ngati shuga m'magazi ndi 6 kapena kupitirira mmol / l, ndiye kuti choyambirira kuchita ndikuwunikiranso kuti mupeze chithandizo moyenera kuti mupewe kupitirira kwa zovuta za metabolic. Komanso, kuti tiletse zotsatira zabodza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwunikako kuchitidwe kawiri kapena katatu nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga
Mavuto a kagayidwe kakang'ono kogwiritsa ntchito odwala matenda ashuga amasintha pafupifupi theka la odwalawo, pomwe ena chitukuko cha matenda ashuga chimatha kutha ndipo njira yake imakhala yosavuta ngati wodwalayo atsatira malangizo omwe amathandizira kuti akhale ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chingathandize kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kusintha kwa kulemera kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha ichi, choyambirira, muyenera kudya moyenera. Kwa odwala matenda a prediabetes, pafupifupi zakudya zomwezo zimayikidwa ngati zili ndi shuga. Itha kukhala chithandizo chachikulu kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuchokera muzakudya muyenera kupatula shuga ndi mafuta oyera, komanso zinthu zonse, kupatula, zomwe zimakhala nazo. Malangizowa amaperekanso mwayi wodziwitsa odwala matenda ashuga ngati munthu wanenepa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa shuga, muyenera kuchepetsa kumwa uchi, mphesa, nthochi, masiku, mbatata, semolina ndi mpunga wa peeled. Kuti mupeze zakudya moyenera, muyenera kuyang'ana pa index ya glycemic ya zinthu. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuthekera kowonjezera shuga m'magazi. Kwa shuga wopanda shuga, 100, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, yamatcheri - 25.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta mumenyu, makamaka zochokera ku nyama, sizikulimbikitsidwa. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimakhala ndi mndandanda wokwera wa glycemic:
- Zakudya zamafuta - mwanawankhosa, nkhumba, nkhumba.
- Masoseji ambiri, masoseji ndi soseji.
- Nyama yomalizidwa yokonzedwa ndikuwotchera nyama, zamzitini nyama ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri.
- Kuphika mafuta, mafuta.
- Wowawasa kirimu ndi zonona kuposa 10% mafuta, kanyumba tchizi woposa 9%.
- Batala (amaloledwa kuwonjezera 15-20 g patsiku mbale yotsiriza).
- Zaamphaka nsomba m'mafuta, nsomba yamafuta.
Monga gwero lamafuta, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a masamba, omwe amawotcha ndi masaladi ndi mbale zakonzedwa. Maziko azakudya ayenera kukhala zakudya zama protein ochepa - nsomba, nkhuku, nkhuku, nyama yophika kapena yaiwisi, zakumwa za mkaka wowawasa, tchizi komanso mkaka wopanda mafuta.
Monga mbale yam'mbali, mutha kulimbikitsa mbale zamasamba kapena chimanga kuchokera ku mbewu zonse za oats, buckwheat, barele. Phula la chimanga cha matenda a shuga a 2 ndilopindulitsa.
Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera komanso chizolowezi chowonjezera shuga ndi mafuta m'thupi ndim nsomba yophika ndi saladi wa masamba atsopano kapena otentha.
Njira yachiwiri yopewetsedwera ndi yoletsedwa. Zimathandizira osati kuchepetsa thupi, komanso zimawonjezera chidwi cha maselo kuchitira insulin, kuyambitsa njira zama metabolic. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu ya makalasi imapitilira kwa maola 30-48 - maselo amatenga glucose m'magazi.
Mutha kusankha mtundu wa katundu malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda komanso momwe mulili wolimba. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngakhale kuyenda kwamphindi 30 patsiku ndikokwanira kukhalabe ndi chidwi ndi insulini ndikukhazikitsa glycemia m'njira yofananira.
Zambiri za prediabetes zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
