Matenda a shuga a ana amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda owopsa. Ngati pali shuga wambiri wamwana mwa ana, zoyambitsa ziyenera kuphunziridwa kuti apereke mankhwala okwanira.
Ndikofunikira kulabadira zazing'ono komanso zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa kukayikira kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga.
Makolo ayenera kupatsa ana awo chitukuko ndi chithandizo mogwirizana ndi kuzindikira kwawo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa njira za prophylactic popewa matenda a shuga.
Zimayambitsa kupatuka kwa shuga kuchokera pachizolowezi
Akulu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a mwana sizikusonyeza konse kuti kukhalapo kwa shuga. Nthawi zambiri manambala salondola, chifukwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sayenera kukonzekera kafukufuku, mwachitsanzo, amadya chakudya chisanachitike.
Shuga wowukitsidwa m'magazi mwa ana nthawi zambiri amawonekera chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa malingaliro kapena kupsinjika. Muzochitika izi, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, gland wa adrenal ndi gitu pituitary zimayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika. Mwana akamadya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso shuga, shuga wamagazi amatha kukula kwambiri komanso mwachangu.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwakanthawi ndi izi:
- amayaka
- kutentha kwambiri ndi ma virus
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito anti-yotupa
- ululu.
Mwazi wamagazi ambiri, nthawi zina, amawonetsa ma pathologies ena owopsa. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- matenda a pituitary ndi adrenal glands,
- onenepa kwambiri
- zikondamoyo.
Insulin ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimachepetsa shuga m'thupi. Homoni imapangidwa kokha ndi kapamba. Ngati mwana wonenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti kapamba wake amakakamizidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma chake chichepe kwambiri komanso kupangika kwa ma pathologies.
Matenda a shuga ana amapezeka ngati index ya shuga yoposa 6 mmol / l. Mawonetsedwe azachipatala amatha kukhala osiyana.
Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, matenda amatha kupita patsogolo:
- mtima
- dongosolo lamanjenje
- impso
- diso.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zazikulu
Zizindikiro za shuga wambiri mwa ana zimakula msanga kwa milungu ingapo. Ngati muli ndi glucometer pafupi, mutha kumawerengetsera mwana masiku osiyanasiyana, kuti pambuyo pake mutha kumuuza dokotala za mawonetsedwe ake.
Zizindikiro zilizonse siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, sizingachitike zokha, zinthu zikuipiraipirabe.
Ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga, koma asanayambe chithandizo, amakhala ndi ludzu losatha. Ndi shuga wambiri, thupi limayamba kutenga chinyezi kuchokera ku minofu ndi maselo kuti muchepetse magazi. Munthu amafunafuna kumwa madzi oyera ambiri, zakumwa ndi tiyi.
Mafuta omwe amamwetsedwa kwambiri amafunika kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, chimbudzi chimayendera pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse. Nthawi zambiri, mwana amakakamizidwa kupita kuchimbudzi nthawi ya sukulu, zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha aphunzitsi. Tiyeneranso kuwadziwitsa makolo kuti nthawi ndi nthawi bedi limanyowa.
Thupi limataya mwayi wake wogwiritsa ntchito glucose monga gwero lamphamvu pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, mafuta amayamba kuwotchedwa. Chifukwa chake, mwana amayamba kufooka m'malo mokulira ndikukula. Monga lamulo, kuchepetsa thupi kumachitika mwadzidzidzi.
Mwana angadandaule za kufooka kosalekeza ndi kuwopa, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin palibe njira yosinthira glucose kukhala mphamvu yofunikira. Ziwalo zamkati ndi ziwalo zimayamba kudwala chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, kutumiza zizindikiritso za izi ndikupangitsa kutopa nthawi zonse.
Mwana akakhala ndi shuga wokwanira, thupi lake silingakhute bwinobwino komanso kudya chakudya. Chifukwa chake, kumakhala kuli kumverera kwanjala, ngakhale kuli kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa. Koma nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, chidwi chimachepa. Poterepa, amalankhula za matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis, mkhalidwe womwe umawopseza moyo.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchepa kwa thupi pang'onopang'ono kwa minofu kumayamba, choyambirira, ndizowopsa pamakina amaso. Chifukwa chake, pamakhala chifunga m'maso ndi zina zowonongeka. Koma mwana sangayang'ane kusintha koteroko kwa nthawi yayitali. Ana, nthawi zambiri, samvetsa zomwe zikuwachitikira, chifukwa samvetsetsa kuti kuwona kwawo kukuwonongeka.
Atsikana omwe amadwala matenda amtundu woyamba a shuga amakhala ndi machesi, ndiye kuti, kutupa. Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi mu ana ang'onoang'ono amayambitsa zotupa zoyipa kwambiri, zomwe zimatha pokhapokha shuga atabwezeretseka.
Matenda ashuga ketoacidosis ndi zovuta pachimake zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu zitha kuganiziridwa:
- nseru
- kupuma kwambiri
- Fungo la asetoni kuchokera mkamwa,
- kutaya mphamvu
- kupweteka m'mimba.
Ngati njira zachangu sizingatenge, ndiye kuti munthu amatha kuzindikira komanso kufa m'nthawi yochepa. Chifukwa chake, ketoacidosis imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.
Tsoka ilo, ziwerengero zamankhwala zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu pamene mwana ayamba kulandira chithandizo choyenera cha matenda ashuga atalowetsedwa m'chipatala cha odwala matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Makolo sayenera kunyalanyaza zilizonse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.
Ngati mumvera chidwi chakuti shuga ya magazi idayamba kukwera, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala wa ana. Makolo ayenera kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wa zizindikiro zonse za matendawa zomwe zimazindikira mwa mwana.
Matenda a shuga a ana ndi matenda oopsa. Ndikothekanso kuwongolera kuwonjezeka kwa shuga, ndi chithandizo choyenera ndikotheka kuyimitsanso zovuta.
Monga lamulo, njira zowongolera matenda osokoneza bongo sizitenga mphindi zoposa 15 patsiku.
Kuyesa
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa ana mu shuga kumachitika pansi pazachipatala, mpanda kuchokera kumtsempha kapena chala. Shuga ya magazi ya capillary imathanso kutsimikiziridwa mu labotale kapena kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Mwa ana aang'ono, magazi amathanso kutengedwa chidendene kapena chala.
Pambuyo podya chakudya m'matumbo, chakudya chimasweka, ndikusintha kukhala ma monosaccharides osavuta, omwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, maola awiri atatha kudya, shuga amayendayenda m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula pazomwe zimapezekanso kumatchedwa "shuga wamagazi."
Magazi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga ayenera kuperekedwa m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Phunzirolo lisanachitike, mwana sayenera kudya ndi kumwa madzi ambiri kwa maola khumi. Tiyenera kusamala kuti munthu akhale wodekha komanso asatope ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu.
Mulingo wa shuga wamwana zimadalira msinkhu wake komanso thanzi lakelo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti glycogen imapangidwa kuchokera ku glucose mu minofu ndi chiwindi, yomwe imasungidwa shuga m'thupi, ngati chakudya sichilowetsa ndi chakudya, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.
Glucose amapezeka m'mapuloteni ena ovuta a thupi. Pentoses amapangidwa kuchokera ku glucose, popanda iwo ndizosatheka kupanga ATP, RNA ndi DNA. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga ndiwofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa glucuronic acid, womwe umakhudzidwa ndikusaloledwa kwa bilirubin, poizoni ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Izi zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe ambiri a thupi, zimapereka magazi ku machitidwe onse ndi minyewa.
Chithandizo cha shuga m'magazi mwa ana
Shuga wokwera m'mwana, zomwe zimayambitsa kale, zimafunikira chithandizo. Ngati chithandizo sichichitika, zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe a ziwalo zomwe zikukula, zikuwadzetsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zake ndi chithandizo chake chikugwirizana. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaphatikizapo zingwe zingapo zofunika. Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala omwe adokotala amupatsa, ndipo kwa mtundu 1 wa shuga, pangani jakisoni wa insulini. Kuwongolera shuga tsiku lililonse ndikutsatira zakudya zapadera zimasonyezedwa.
Ngati matenda amtundu wa 1 apezeka, matendawa amayenera kuthandizidwa posintha mankhwalawo, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, zotsatirazi zingaoneke:
- wodwala matenda ashuga
- Hypoglycemic mkhalidwe.
Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa calorie okwanira ndi chakudya chamafuta. Makamaka, simungadye:
- makeke ndi ma pie
- maswiti
- buns
- chokoleti
- zipatso zouma
- kupanikizana.
Pali shuga wambiri m'zakudya izi, zomwe zimalowa m'magazi mwachangu kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito:
- zukini
- nkhaka
- tomato
- amadyera
- kabichi
- maungu.
Ndikofunika kudya mkate wama protein, chinangwa, mkaka, nsomba zamafuta ochepa ndi nyama, zipatso ndi zipatso zowawasa.
Mutha kusintha shuga ndi xylitol, koma kudya izi zotsekemera sikumaloledwa kupitilira magalamu 30 patsiku. Tengani fructose pang'ono. Ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri, madokotala salimbikitsa kudya uchi.
Ngati shuga wamwazi akwezedwa, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili ndi glucometer yosunthika. Kuyeza kuyenera kuchitika maulendo anayi patsiku, kulemba zolembedwa mu kakalata.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito glucometer, mawonekedwewa nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa mosayenera, kotero nthawi zina muyenera kuyesedwa kuchipatala. Zingwe zoyezera mita sizingasiyidwe pomwe padzuwa kuti zisawonongeka. Kubwezeretsa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
Zochita zamasewera ndizothandiza makamaka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Zakudya zamagulu am'magazi
Ngati shuga atakwera, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kubwereza zakudya. Zomwe amapangira chakudya ziyenera kukhala izi:
- mafuta: mpaka 80 g
- mapuloteni: mpaka 90 g
- chakudya pafupifupi 350 g,
- mchere osaposa 12 g.
Pazakudya, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala:
- Zinthu zopanda mkate,
- masamba abwino, ophika ndi ophika,
- owiritsa, nthunzi, mafuta opanda mafuta,
- lilime la nyama yophika,
- chiwindi
- nsomba yamafuta ochepa,
- mafuta ochepa mkaka,
- osaposa mazira awiri patsiku,
- nyemba, mphodza, nyemba,
- chimanga pa madzi ndi mkaka: herculean, buckwheat, mapira, barele, barele, ngale,
- nsomba zam'nyanja
- zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso,
- tiyi yoyera ndi yobiriwira,
- zakumwa zamasamba, zakumwa za zipatso, ma compotes,
- khofi wofooka.
Kuchokera pazakoma zotsekemera amaloledwa kudya zochepa:
- maswiti,
- marshmowows
- marmalade.
Potsatira malangizo a dokotala, mutha kudya batala ndi mafuta a masamba, komanso bowa ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'chitini.
Muyenera kudya nthawi yomweyo. Imwani mpaka malita awiri a madzi oyera tsiku lililonse. Zakudya za calorie zimachokera ku 2300 mpaka 2400 kcal patsiku.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia mwa ana zakambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
