Kuti munthu akhale wathanzi, muyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi. Hormone iyi iyenera kukhala yokwanira kuti glucose asadziunjike m'magazi. Kupanda kutero, vuto la metabolic, dokotala amazindikira matenda a shuga.
Njira zochizira matenda ashuga zotsogola zimakonzanso insulin, yomwe singapangidwe mwachilengedwe ndi thupi. Chifukwa chaichi, insulin yosungunuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ili yofanana ndi majini amtundu wa anthu. Kasitomala ndiye amachititsa kuti pakhale timadzi tambiri totere.
Popanga insulini, osati luso lokha kupanga mahomoni achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, opanga amagwiritsanso ntchito insulin yosinthika yopanga. Mankhwala okhala ndi "solubilis" amasonyezedwa ngati sungunuka.
Momwe insulin yolumikizira anthu imagwirira ntchito
Mankhwalawa amachokera ku mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1, umagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yama cell insulin. M'masitolo ogulitsa, amagulitsidwa monga yankho ndipo amalembedwa "Okondedwa." Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amathanso kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa ngati mankhwala omwe sanayenere kudwala matenda ashuga.
Insulin yopangidwa ndi chibadwa imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati munthu akudwala matenda a shuga. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka jakisoni kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo pamene mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga komanso zakudya zamafuta sizithandiza. Kuphatikiza apo, yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kachilombo kakuwoneka m'thupi la odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwonjezera kutentha.
Mwambiri, ma insulin opangira ma genetically kapena ma GMO amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubala, akamachitidwa opaleshoni, kapena ngati wodwalayo wavulala kwambiri. Mankhwala amakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ochita zinthu mwachangu.
- Musanagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe a insulin biphasic umisiri, ndikofunikira kuyesa ndikuwona ngati mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa wodwala. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga aulula hypoglycemia, osavomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
- Chiwembu chogwira ntchito yothetsera vutoli ndikuti ma insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi majini amayendetsedwa ndi maselo, zomwe zimabweretsa mapangidwe. Maselo akazilowera m'malo amenewa, amasunthidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito molimbika. Zotsatira zake, ma enzyme ochulukirapo amapangidwa.
- Mukuchita izi, glucose amalowetsedwa mwachangu, michere yomwe imalowa m'thupi imakonzedwa mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, chiwindi chimapanga shuga yayitali, ndipo mapuloteni amatha kuyamwa mwachangu kwambiri.
Mfundo za mankhwalawa zimatengera mlingo, mtundu wa insulin, kusankha kwa jekeseni. Njira iliyonse iyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha povomerezana ndi adokotala. Jakisoni woyamba amachitika moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.
Ngati mavuto aliwonse amawonedwa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Mitundu ya mankhwala
Monga kapena insulin biphasic umisiri wamtundu wa anthu ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana ogulitsa. Komanso mahomoni amatha kusiyanasiyana nthawi yayitali, njira yokonzekera yankho. Zogulitsa zimatchulidwa kutengera mtundu wa insulin.
Ma insulin opangidwa ndi genetically ali m'gulu la mankhwala monga Humudar, Vozulim, Actrapid. Insuran, Gensulin. Uku si mndandanda wathunthu wa mankhwalawa, chiwerengero chawo chimakhala chachikulu.
Mankhwala onse omwe ali pamwambawa amasiyanasiyana poyerekezera ndi thupi. Ma GMO amatha kukhala maola angapo kapena kukhala otakataka masiku onse.
Mankhwala osakanikirana magawo awiri amaphatikiza mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza zinthu zina zomwe zimasintha nthawi yokumana ndi mankhwalawa.
- Mankhwala oterewa amagulitsidwa mwanjira zosakanikirana, kuphatikiza mahomoni omwe amapezeka ndi chibadwa.
- Ndalamazi zikuphatikizapo Mikstard, Insuman, Gansulin, Gensulin.
- Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pa tsiku, theka la ola musanadye. Dongosolo loterolo liyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa, popeza mahomoni amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi nthawi yakudya.
Mwa kupanga jini la insulin yaumunthu, kukonzekera kumachitika komwe kumakhala ndi nthawi yodziwikiratu.
- Njira yothetsera vutoli imayamba kugwira ntchito pasanathe mphindi 60, koma mphindi yayitali kwambiri.
- Mankhwalawa amachotsedwa kwathunthu pambuyo pa maola 12.
- Mankhwalawa ndi monga Insuran, Insuman, Protafan, Rinsulin, Biosulin.
Palinso ma GMO omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yowonekera. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala a insulin Actrapid, Gansulin, Humulin, Insuran, Rinsulin, Bioinsulin. Ma insulini oterowo amakhala ndi gawo logwira ntchito patatha maola awiri kapena atatu, ndipo zizindikiritso zoyambirira za mankhwalawa zimatha kuwoneka kale theka la ola jekeseni.
Mankhwalawa amachotsedwa kwathunthu m'thupi atatha maola 6.
Zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.
Pakusatsatira malamulo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, wodwalayo amayamba kumva kupweteka kwambiri mutu, kukokana, njala, thukuta, kugunda kwamtima, munthu amayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri, kutopa. Zowawa m'thupi lonse komanso kunjenjemera zimawonedwanso.
Zizindikiro zoterezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndi gawo locheperako lazizindikiro, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kuthana ndi vutolo ndikulimbikitsa vutoli. Kuti muchite izi, idyani maswiti kapena chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili ndi shuga. Nthawi zambiri zogwira ntchito pamenepa ndizakudya zonse zomwe zili ndi mafuta pang'ono. Komanso, odwala ena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Glucagon pamenepa.
- Ngati chikomokere cha matenda ashuga chikuchitika, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya dextrose, mankhwalawa amathandizidwa kudzera m'mitsempha mpaka munthu atazindikira. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zokayikitsa, ndikofunikira kuyimba ambulansi, yomwe idzaukitsa wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zadzidzidzi.
- Zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma GMO, munthu amakhala ndi totupa pakhungu la urticaria, ziwalo zam'mimba zimatupa, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika kwambiri, kuyabwa komanso kupuma movutikira kumatha kuchitika. Uku ndikuchita koyipa kwa mankhwala, omwe patapita kanthawi amatha kutha okha popanda kuthandizidwa ndi achipatala. Ngati vutoli lipitirirabe, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
- M'masiku oyamba kudya insulin pokonzekera matenda ashuga, thupi limasowa madzi, munthu amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwamadzi, chikhumbo chake chimalimba, kutupa m'manja ndi miyendo ndikuwonekera, ndipo kugona nthawi zonse kumamveka. Zizindikiro zotere nthawi zambiri zimatha msanga ndipo sizibwerezanso.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa
Insulin isanaperekedwe, ma GMO amafunika kuwunika kuti adziwe ngati pali zinthu zina zakunja zamadzimadzi. Ngati zinthu zakunja zawululidwa mu mankhwalawo, matupi kapena mpweya, botolo liyenera kutayidwa - mankhwalawo sioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito iyenera kukhala yotentha kwambiri. Mlingo wa mahomoni uyenera kusinthidwa ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda opatsirana, vuto la chithokomiro, matenda a Addison, hypopituitarism, komanso matenda a impso. Chenjezo liyeneranso kuchitidwa posankha mtundu wa mankhwala kwa munthu wazaka zopitilira 65.
Kuukira kwa hypoglycemia ndikotheka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pakakhala kusintha kwa mtundu watsopano wa insulin, chifukwa chodumphira chakudya kapena kupsinjika thupi kwambiri. Komanso vutoli limatha kukhala matenda omwe amachepetsa kufunikira kwa mahomoni - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa matenda a impso, matenda a chiwindi, kuchepa kwa chithokomiro, adrenal cortex, ndi gitu.
- Kutsika kowopsa kwa shuga m'magazi ndikotheka ndikusintha kwa jekeseni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu umodzi wa insulin moyenera pokhapokha ngati mukugwirizana ndi adokotala.
- Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwamafuta am'mimba amachepetsa pamalo a jakisoni kapena, matendawa amawonjezeka. Pofuna kupewa izi, jekeseni iyenera kuchitikira m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kudziwa kuti zofunikira za insulini zimatha kusiyanasiyana panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita mayeso a shuga wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi glucometer.
Zochita za insulin pamthupi la munthu zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu kanema munkhaniyi.
