Ma antibodies kuma cell a pancreatic beta ndi mapuloteni enaake omwe amapangidwa m'thupi ndipo amakhudza maselo a beta a ma pancreatic a Langerhans.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti mtundu I shuga mellitus (DM) ndimatenda a autoimmune, ndipo zimachitika pamene ma cell opitilira 90 a beta amakhudzidwa ndi antibody. Maselo a Beta amapezeka muzilumba za Langerhans ndipo amachititsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe.
Popeza zizindikiro zoyambirira zamankhwala zimawonekera m'thupi wodwalayo atangotsala pang'ono kufa kwazinthu zonse zomwe amapanga insulin, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa pamlingo wokulira. Chifukwa chake, kuikidwa kwa insulin kudzachitika kale, ndipo matendawa amakhala ofatsa.
Ma Antibodies (AT), omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale njira yodutsamo matenda a m'magazi, sagawidwa m'mabuku otsatirawa:
- antibodies to islet maselo a kapamba;
- tyrosinophosphatase antibodies;
- ma insulin antibodies;
- ma antibodies ena ena.
Zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zamagetsi a immunoglobulin a antibody of subclass G.
Kusintha kuchokera pagawo laling'ono kupita ku gawo lazachipatala kumagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zingapo zamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndiye kuti, tanthauzo la ma antibodies kuma cell a pancreatic beta ndilothandiza mwapadera kale pa gawo ili la matenda.
Kodi ma antibodies a ma cell a beta ndi ma cell a beta ndi ati?
Maselo a pancreatic beta ndi chizindikiro cha njira ya autoimmune yomwe imapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo opanga insulin. Ma antiopoditive a Seropositive ku maselo a islet amapezeka muoposa 70% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba.
Pafupifupi 99 peresenti ya milandu, mtundu wa shuga womwe umadalira insulin umalumikizidwa ndi chiwonongeko chamadongosolo pakati. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ziwalo kumabweretsa kuphwanya kwakukulu kapangidwe ka insulin, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuvuta kwa metabolic.
Popeza ma antibodies nthawi yayitali isanayambike zizindikiro zoyambirira, amatha kuzindikirika zaka zambiri asanayambike zazomwe zimachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la antibodies limakonda kupezeka m'magazi a odwala. Kuzindikira kwa ma antibodies mu abale ndi chizindikiro cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda.
Zida zoyeserera za kapamba (kapamba) zimayimiriridwa ndi maselo osiyanasiyana. Chosangalatsa cha zamankhwala ndichikondi cha maselo a beta okhala ndi ma antibodies. Maselo amenewa amapanga insulin. Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo a beta amapereka basulin yofunikira kwambiri.
Komanso, ma cell a islet amatulutsa C peptide, chizindikiritso chake chomwe ndi chidziwitso chodziwikiratu cha autoimmune shuga mellitus.
Zovuta za maselo amenewa, kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, zimaphatikizira chotupa chokhacho chomwe chikukula kuchokera kwa iwo. Insulinoma imayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wa seramu.
Kuyesa kwa antipancreatic
Serodignosis ya antibodies kupita ku maselo a beta ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yotsimikizika yotsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a autoimmune.
Matenda a Autoimmune ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chakutha kwa chitetezo chathupi. Pazovuta za chitetezo cha m'thupi, mapuloteni ena amapangidwa mwakuti "amakonzekeredwa" mwamphamvu ndi maselo athupi. Pambuyo pakuyambitsa kwa ma antibodies, kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumene kumatentha kumachitika.
Mankhwala amakono, matenda ambiri azindikiritsidwa, amakwiya chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa malamulo a autoimmune, omwe mwa awa:
- Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
- Autoimmune chithokomiro.
- Autoimmune hepatitis.
- Matenda a rheumatological ndi ena ambiri.
Zochitika zomwe kuyezetsa magazi kumayenera kuyesedwa:
- ngati achibale ali ndi matenda ashuga;
- mukazindikira ma antibodies a ziwalo zina;
- maonekedwe a kuyabwa m'thupi;
- mawonekedwe a fungo la asitone kuchokera mkamwa;
- ludzu losatha;
- khungu lowuma
- kamwa yowuma
- Kuchepetsa thupi, ngakhale muli ndi chidwi chofuna kudya;
- Zizindikiro zina.
Zofufuzira ndi magazi a venous. Kuyamwa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Kudziwitsa antier titer kumatenga nthawi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kupezeka kwathunthu kwa magazi m'thupi ndimwazonse. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies mu seramu yamagazi, ndikochuluka kwakuti atenga matenda ashuga posachedwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo, ma AT amagwa pang'ono.
Kodi matenda a shuga a autoimmune ndi ati?
Autoimmune shuga mellitus (LADA shuga) ndi matenda obwebweta a endocrine omwe amachitira kanthu ali aang'ono. Matenda a shuga a Autoimmune amapezeka chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa maselo a beta ndi ma antibodies. Akuluakulu komanso mwana amadwala, koma nthawi zambiri amadwala akadali achichepere.
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amadziwika ndi polyuria, ludzu losagonjetseka, mavuto ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya, kuchepa thupi, kufooka, komanso kupweteka kwam'mimba. Pang'onopang'ono, mpweya wa acetone umawoneka.
Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta.
Zina mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri, ndizofunikira kwambiri:
- Kupsinjika. Chaposachedwa, asayansi atsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa ma pancreatic a ma antibodies amapangidwa poyankha kuzindikirika kwazomwe zimayambira mkati mwa mantha amthupi mkati mwazovuta zam'thupi.
- Zinthu zamtundu. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa, matendawa amaphatikizidwa m'mitundu ya anthu.
- Zinthu zachilengedwe.
- Chiphunzitso cha Viral. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri wazachipatala, mitundu ina ya ma enteroviruse, ma virus a rubella, ndi ma mumps ingayambitse kupanga ma antibodies ena.
- Ma makemikolo ndi mankhwala amathanso kukhudza mkhalidwe wama chitetezo amthupi.
- Matenda a kapamba amatha kuphatikizira timadzi tating'onoting'ono ta Langerhans.
Chithandizo cha izi cha pathological chiyenera kukhala chovuta komanso cha pathogenetic. Zolinga zamankhwala ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa autoantibodies, kuthetsa zizindikiro za matendawa, kuperewera kwa metabolic, kusowa kwa zovuta zazikulu. Mavuto akulu kwambiri amakhala ndi misempha komanso mitsempha, zotupa za pakhungu, zikomero zingapo. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimachitika ndikusinthanitsa nthawi yodyetsa, ndikuthandizira maphunziro akuthupi m'moyo wa wodwalayo.
Kupeza zotsatira kumachitika pamene wodwalayo adzipereka payekha payekha komanso amadziwa momwe angayang'anire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kutapa Kwandalama kwa Maselo a Beta
Maziko a mankhwala ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin. Mankhwalawa ndi zovuta za machitidwe ena omwe amachitidwa kuti akwaniritse kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin yokonzekera. Amasiyanitsa mankhwala potsatira nthawi: zochita za ultrashort, zochita zazifupi, nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali.
Malinga ndi milingo ya kuyeretsedwa kuchokera ku zosayera, zosungidwa zokhazokha ndi mawonekedwe amodzi amodzi zimasiyanitsidwa. Mwa chiyambi chawo, amasiyanitsa mawonekedwe a nyama (bovine ndi nkhumba), mitundu ya anthu ndi mitundu yopangidwa mwabadwa. Therapy imatha kukhala yovuta ndi ziwengo ndi dystrophy ya adipose minofu, koma kwa wodwala imapulumutsa.
Zizindikiro za matenda a kapamba amafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
