Madzi a pancreatic ndi madzi am'mimba omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba, pambuyo pake amalowa mu duodenum kudzera pa Wirsung duct ndi papilla yayikulu ya duodenal.
Madzi a pancreatic amakhala ndi ma enzymes am'mimba omwe amathandiza kugaya zakudya zopangidwa ndi anthu. Izi zikuphatikiza mapuloteni komanso zinthu zina, mafuta, chakudya.
Popeza zikondamoyo zimakhala ndimapangidwe ovuta a neuro-humoral, kutulutsidwa kwa madzi a pancreatic kumawonedwa pachakudya chilichonse. Kuyambira 1000 mpaka 2000 ml amapangidwa masana.
Ganizirani ma michere omwe amapezeka mu madzi a pancreatic a anthu, ndipo ntchito yawo ndi yotani?
Limagwirira a kapamba juwisi mapangidwe
Njira yachilengedwe yogaya chakudya ndikosatheka popanda gawo la kapamba, yemwe amatulutsa timadzi timene timathandiza kuthana ndi mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake.
Kupanga chakudya kumayambira mkamwa, imasakanikirana ndi malovu. Izi zimathandizira njira yolowa m'mimba. Imayang'ana kukonza kwa chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito madzi am'mimba, kenako imalowa mu duodenum.
Mano a pancreatic amatseguka ndikuwunikira. Kuchokera kwa iwo kuti msuzi wa pancreatic umabwera ndizofunikira zonse zomwe zimathandizira kugaya chakudya. Pamalo omwe bile duct imatseguka, imayendetsa bile.
Bile amachita ngati mtundu wothandizira kwa kapamba. Zimathandizira kuyambitsa zinthu zina za enzymatic zamadzimadzi a pancreatic, zimaphwanya mafuta othandizira, chifukwa chomwe zimaphwanya mwachangu komanso zosavuta. Dziwani kuti insulini sili gawo la madzi a pancreatic. Hormone iyi imachokera m'maselo a beta mwachindunji m'magazi a anthu.
Kupanga kwa gland kumakhala kotheka kotero kuti imayamba kupanga chinthu chomwe chikufunidwa poyankha zakudya. Chizindikiro cha limba ndi pulogalamu yovuta ya malamulo a neurohumoral.
Mitsempha ya chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri cha ma processor receptors omwe amawona chakudya ngati chosakwiya imawonetsedwa mucous membrane wamkamwa, m'mimba, ndi duodenum. Chochititsa chimaperekedwa kudzera mu mitsempha ya vagus kupita ku medulla oblongata, komwe kuli chimbudzi cha chimbudzi.
Ubongo umawunika chizindikiro chomwe walandila, kenako ndikupereka "lamulo" pakugaya chakudya. Imatumiza chikhumbo cha m'matumbo, makamaka, ku maselo ake, omwe amatsekereza cellin ya m'mimba ndi m'mimba, yomwe imatulutsa zinthu - pepsin, gastrin.
Ma mahormoni awaakalowa m'mapapo limodzi ndi magazi, amathandizira kupanga kapangidwe ka madzi a pancreatic.
Pancreatic Madzi Zosakaniza
Chifukwa chake, ndimomwe zimapangidwira ndi mawonekedwe a pancreatic madzi? Monga taonera kale, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo michere yomwe imathandizira kuphwanya chakudya. Pafupifupi malita 1.5 amadzimadzi amatulutsidwa patsiku (avareji). Mlingo wa mapangidwe ndi otsika - mpaka 4.5 ml pa mphindi.
Chifukwa chake, pakugaya bwino ndimaletsedwa kudya mwachangu, kumamwa chakudya chambiri komanso kutafuna. Pankhaniyi, kapamba alibe nthawi yogwira ntchito, koma sangathe kuwonjezera kupanga.
Kuphatikizika - madzi opitilira 90%, pafupifupi 2-3% ya zinthu zachilengedwe, ma enzymes, ma bicarbonate, sodium ndi calcium calcium, etc. Muli ndi ma enzymes amylolytic ndi lipolytic, proteinase.
Awa ndi ma enzymes atatu omwe amachititsa kuti ma processor awonongeke ndi mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ma enzymes am'mimba amathandizira kumasula, kugawa mamolekyu kukhala ang'onoang'ono, pomwe zigawo zovuta zimasinthidwa kukhala zazing'ono, zomwe zimatha kulowa m'matumbo ndikuyamba kulowa m'magazi.
Madzi michere ya pancreatic:
- Ma enzymes amylolytic amaimiridwa ndi alpha-amylase. Kufunika kwake mthupi ndikuti chinthucho chimathandizira kugwetsa mankhwala osakanikirana. Gulu la michereyi limaphatikizaponso maltase ndi lactase.
- Proteolipolytic michere. Mapuloteni omwe amabwera ndi chakudya sangathe kuyamwa okha, choncho amafunikanso kugawidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Trypsin, nuclease ndi chymotrypsin amathandizira kuwongolera njirayi. Amafika osagwira ntchito, pambuyo pake amathandizidwa. Mamolekyu azinthu zopanga mapuloteni amasinthidwa kukhala ma peptides, pambuyo pake amalowera mu amino acid ndi ma nucleic acid pazinthu zama cellular.
- Lipolytic michere. Kuti muwononge mafuta ophatikiza, muyenera bile. Zimawoneka ngati emulsifier yamankhwala yomwe imagwetsa ma lipids kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono. Lipase imatengedwa kuti ichititse patsogolo njirayi, ndipo glycerol ndi mafuta acids zimapezeka pazotulutsa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi am'mimba a pancreatic pamwamba pazomwe zimakhazikika kutupa ndi kutupa kwa kapamba, chifukwa chomwe kapamba amapezeka. Pathology ndiyachidziwikire. Kuperewera nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kulakalaka kudya, ngakhale kudya kwambiri. Poyerekeza izi, wodwalayo amadya kwambiri, koma amachepetsa thupi, chifukwa zinthu zofunikira m'thupi sizitha kuzilowetsa m'thupi la munthu.
Zomwe zimachitika pancreatic madzi ndi zamchere. Izi ndichifukwa chakufunika kosiyanitsa zinthu za asidi zomwe zimachokera m'mimba kuti hydrochloric acid isalepheretse ntchito ya michere yogaya chakudya.
Mphamvu ya chakudya pancreatic madzi secretion
Ngati chakudya mulibe chakudya m'mimba mwa munthu, ndiye kuti chiwalo chamkati chimagwira ntchito yokhudza kugaya chakudya pamimba. Izi zimawonedwa mwa ana akhanda, ana asukulu zam'mbuyo, achinyamata, akuluakulu. Mwanjira ina, aliyense.
Kuchita nawo kwakanthawi kumawonekera ndi nthawi ya zochitika zachinsinsi, zomwe zimasinthana ndi nthawi yopumula. Ngati kuwonekera kwa ntchito zachinsinsi zapezeka, ndiye kuti kumatenga mphindi 20 mpaka 30. Pali kulekanitsa zosaposa mamililita awiri a madzi a pancreatic, omwe amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa michere.
Panthawi yopuma, kupukusa kwamadzi am'mimba sikumawonedwa. Mukamadya ndikatha kudya, katulutsidwe kamadzi kamakhala mosalekeza. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi, mphamvu zake pakupenda komanso nthawi yopanga zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Kafukufuku wamasayansi adachitika, omwe adakhazikitsa magawo a magawidwe amadzimadzi mukamadya nyama, mkate ndi mkaka. Zotsatirazi zidawonetsedwa ndi Laborator wa Pavlov:
- Mukatha kudya zakudya zamtundu wa nyama, kupanga kwamadzi a pancreatic kumafika kumapeto kwa ola lachiwiri, kuchepa kwambiri, kumatha maola 4-5 atayamba kudya chakudya. Izi zidawonetsedwa patebulo lofananizira ndi zinthu zina zofanizira.
- Pambuyo podya mkate, kuwonjezeka kwamasamba amasamba a pancreatic m'maola ochepa kumadziwika. Ndiye kuti, ntchito yachinsinsi ya mkati mwa thupi ndiyofanana ndi kudya nyama. Kutalika kwa ntchitoyi mpaka maola 9.
- Pambuyo pakudya mkaka pali kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kudzipatula kwa madzi mu ola loyamba. Pa ola lachiwiri, ntchito zachinsinsi zimachepa. Pofika ola lachitatu, imachulukanso, ifika pamalire ake. Pa ola lachitatu, msuzi umapangidwa kangapo kuposa ola loyamba. Kupanga kumayima kwathunthu maola 5-6 chakudya chikatha.
Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa madzi a pancreatic, omwe amapangidwa ndi kudya zakudya - nyama, mkaka ndi mkate, titha kudziwa zina. Ambiri a msuzi amagwera mkate, pang'ono pokha pa nyama ndipo zochepa zimapatsidwa mkaka.
Kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti zikondamoyo zimatha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu, chifukwa mukamadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, pamakhala kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amapsa.
Kutulutsa kwachilengedwe komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba ndi madzi, popanda izi Ndi pathologies a mkati mkati ndi exocrine pancreatic insuffuffence, njirazi zimasokonekera, zomwe zimafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.
Ntchito za kapamba zimafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
