Pancreas ili ndi mawonekedwe a alveolar-acinous, omwe amakhala ndi ma boles ambiri, omwe amakhala pamtunda wocheperako wina ndi mzake, olekanitsidwa ndi zigawo za minofu yolumikizira. Ululu uliwonse ndi kudziunjikira kwa masisitidwe achinsinsi a ma cell osiyanasiyana, momwe mapangidwe a madzi a pancreatic amapezeka.
Pakati pa maselo a parenchyma pali maselo enaake omwe amakhala m'magulu. Amatchedwa islets of Langerhans. Mtengo umasiyanasiyana ma 50 mpaka 40 ma ma virus. Unyinji wonse wosaposa 3% ya zikondamoyo zonse za munthu wamkulu.
Zisumbu za pancreatic zili ndi misewu yaying'ono kwambiri yamagazi ndi ma capillaries, sizikhala ndi njira zowonera, komabe, zimakhala ndi chobisalira mkati, chifukwa chomwe zimapanga mahomoni mwachindunji m'magazi. Komanso ikani njira zamagulu am'thupi mwa munthu.
Ganizirani za kapangidwe ka kapamba, kapangidwe kazinthu zamkati ndi zotulutsa mkati.
Udindo wa zofunikira m'thupi
Chimbudzi chimatulutsa ma enzyme ndi mahomoni osiyanasiyana. Ali ndi "ntchito" ziwiri - iyi ndi ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba (mayina ena - endocrine, intracecretory) ndi exocrine ntchito - ntchito ya exocrine.
Chiwalo chamkati chimakhala m'mimba. Imakwanira khoma lakumbuyo kwam'mimba, yokhazikitsidwa pamlingo wa vertebrae oyamba kwambiri. Apa ndi pamwamba pa msomali mainchesi 10 pafupi ndi mbali yakumanzere.
Mbali ya chiwalo ndichakuti imakhala ndi magawo angapo. Amagawidwa kumutu ndi mchira, komanso thupi. Kuchita kwa kapamba ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa chiwalo chonse. Pakakhala vuto, kugaya chakudya mwadzidzidzi kumawonedwa. Ngati vuto lanyumba la pancreatic lapezeka, matenda a shuga amayamba mwa akulu ndi ana.
Ngati kuli kwina, kapamba angayang'anitsidwe ngati gawo logaya chimbudzi, lomwe lili ndi magawo awiri - timinyewa tambiri tambiri ndi njira zomwe pancreatic secretion imalowera mu duodenum.
Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa chiwalo sikoposa 80 g, imapanga pafupifupi 1500-2000 ml ya kapamba wa pancreatic patsiku, yomwe imayambitsa katundu wina. Chinsinsi chimayenda limodzi ndi zamchere, zimapangitsa kuti madzi am'mimba asadye chakudya asanalowe chilonda cha 12 duodenal. Izi ndizofunikira kuti hydrochloric acid isawononge mucous membrane.
Gawo la mutu wa kapamba limakhala pafupi ndi duodenum, m'malo ano limadutsa duct wamba, yolumikizana ndi njira yomwe imayendetsa bile.
Ntchito kapamba
Kuongolera kapangidwe ka madzi a pancreatic ndi njira yamagulu ambiri yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ena. Zochita zamaselo omwe amagwira ntchito, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga zinthu zofunika, zimayendetsedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje.
Kuyesa kambiri kwa asayansi kwawonetsa kuti ntchito ya kapamba imangokulira osati kokha ngati chakudya chilowa mthupi, komanso pamadya, kununkhira chakudya, kapena kungonena. Kuchita koteroko kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa gawo la ziwonetsero zamagetsi.
Nawo, gawo la parasympathetic limakulitsanso zochitika zapancreatic kudzera mu mphamvu ya mitsempha ya vagus. Ndipo dipatimenti yachifundo yokhudzana ndi zamanjenje imayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa ntchito ya chimbudzi.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwabwino kwa kapamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwam'mimba. Ngati acidity yowonjezereka yapezeka, imayambitsa kukulitsa kwa makina, chifukwa chake, kupanga michere yamagayilo kumawonjezeka.
Kuwonjezeka kwa acidity ndi kukulitsa kwa duodenum kumathandizanso kukulitsa zinthu zomwe zimayang'ana pakulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwa gland. Izi zimaphatikizapo secretin ndi cholecystokinin.
Zowongolera sizangolimbikitsidwa, kuwonjezera ntchito yake, komanso zolepheretsa. Ntchitoyi ndi yaumunthu wamanjenje wachifundo kudzera:
- Somatostatin;
- Glucagon.
Kusintha kwodabwitsa kwa ziwalo zamkati kumadziwika: imasinthasintha kuzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, kutengera zomwe anthu amakonda. Ngati pali mapuloteni ambiri mu chakudya - trypsin amapangidwa makamaka, ngati mafuta - ndiye lipase.
Ntchito ya procrine
Ntchito za exocrine ndi intrasecretory zama kapamba zimayambitsa njira zambiri mthupi la munthu. Ntchito ya procrine imawonedwa pakudya chakudya. Monga tanena kale, chitsulo chimatha kupanga mpaka 2000 ml ya kapamba wa pancreatic patsiku.
Ndi chinsinsi ichi chomwe chimathandizira kugaya chakudya, chifukwa chimaphatikizanso michere yam'mimba yomwe imaphwanya zinthu zomwe zimalowa mthupi ndi chakudya.
Kuwonongeka kwa chakudya cham'madzi, mapuloteni ndi zinthu zamafuta kumamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka, komwe kumapangidwanso ndi ma enzymes kupita ku boma zovomerezeka, ndipo pambuyo pake amadziwidwa m'matumbo.
Madzi a pancreatic amalowa mu duodenum - yodziwika ndi kupanikizana komweku kwa osmotic ndi madzi a m'magazi. Zambiri mwa izo ndi madzi ndi electrolyte, yaying'onoyo imakhala ndi ma enzyme. Masautso a ma electrolyte amasinthasintha.
Masana, kapamba amapanga mapuloteni 20 ochulukitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi mwa kutulutsa zinthu za enzyme limakhala ndi gawo lalikulu mthupi. Kutulutsa kwa ma enzymes kumachitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa ziwalo. Njira yochotsa zinthu za enzyme m'maselo ndizosapanga ma enzyme. Nthawi zambiri ma secretogens amayendetsa mwachindunji kutulutsidwa kwa mapuloteni kuchokera ku cell.
Ma enzymes omwe amayambitsa hydrolysis ya mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu kapamba amatsimikizika mu mawonekedwe osagwira ntchito. Uwu ndi mtundu wa chitetezo kwa kapamba kuti adzigaye. Enzymes amathandizira kokha mu duodenum 12. Woyambitsa ndi Enterokinase, wopangidwa ndi matumbo a mucosa.
Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa chodabwitsa cha ma enzyme.
Intracretory ntchito
Gawo la intrasecretory la kapamba limayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa shuga mthupi la munthu. Ma mahomoni ena amayendetsa shuga. Magwiridwe antchito awo akufotokozedwa ndi makina owonjezera a zochitika zomwe zikuchitika. Mwanjira ina, kuchuluka kwa maselo (ma pancreatic islets) kumapangitsa kuti shuga ndi ma insulin atulutsidwe.
Insulin cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, glucagon, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezera zomwe zili. Ngati akusowa kwa insulin, ndiye kuti matenda osachiritsika amapezeka - matenda a shuga. Zimachitika pang'ono, kapena sizipangidwapo konse.
Izi matenda amodzi ndi amodzi a matenda ovuta kwambiri a kapamba a katulutsidwe amkati. Panthawi ya matenda ashuga, magwiridwe antchito amkati amkatundu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a kusowa kwa kukonza glycemia, pali chiwopsezo osati thanzi, komanso moyo wa wodwala.
Matenda a shuga ndi amtundu awa:
- Mtundu woyamba umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, pomwe glucagon imakhala mkati mwa malire abwinobwino kapena pang'ono pamwamba pamavomerezeka ovomerezeka.
- Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a insulin yachilendo, komabe, insulini yotsutsana ndi insulin imadziwonekera yokha.
Ntchito yamkati yokhudzana ndi kapamba imasokonezeka chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana - kusintha kwokhudzana ndi msinkhu m'thupi, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugaya matenda am'mimba, matenda am'mimba, zina.
Kuteteza Kapangidwe ka Organ
Pakakhala vuto mu kapamba, mavuto ndi ntchito ya ziwalo zina zamkati ndi kachitidwe zimawonedwa. Zikondamoyo zimawoneka ngati "zopanda pake" zomwe zimakumana ndi katundu wambiri chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake.
Matenda a gland amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Itha kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso (Hyperfunction) kapena pang'onopang'ono (hypofunction). Ndi kutupa, kapamba amadziwika. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuphwanya njira yogaya chakudya.
Matenda a gland amatha chifukwa cha matenda ena. Izi zimaphatikizapo gastritis, duodenitis, zotupa zam'mimba ndi duodenum. Zina zomwe zimaphatikizidwazo ndi cholecystitis, bysary dyskinesia, cholelithiasis ndi matenda ena.
Monga prophylaxis yovuta pantchito kapamba, muyenera kutsatira malangizo otsatirawa a akatswiri azachipatala:
- Lekani kusuta, chepetsa kumwa;
- Pewani masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- Khalani ndi moyo wathanzi - zakudya zopatsa thanzi, masewera - masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira, aerobics yamadzi;
- Nthawi zina amayesedwa ndi dokotala, kupimidwa kwa ndulu;
- Pitani ku gastroenterologist kamodzi pachaka.
Poletsa kapamba, chidwi chambiri chimaperekedwa kwa zakudya. Popeza oposa 70% ya milandu ya kapamba amadziwika chifukwa chamadyerero osayenera komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri. Muyenera kudya pang'ono, pafupipafupi, m'malo ochepa. Chitani zokonda zamasamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.
Kukanika kwa pancreatic kumawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Ngati pali ululu pamimba, matenda am'mimba, mseru, ndi zizindikiro zina, tikulimbikitsidwa kupita ku chipatala kuti mukafufuze.
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kamene kamakambirana mu kanema munkhaniyi.
