Cholesterol ndi chinthu chamoyo cha lipid, chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri mthupi la munthu. Cholesterol ndiyofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa kagayidwe kazinthu ndipo imakhudza kwambiri kagayidwe kachakudya. Thupi limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi ma hepatocytes ake - maselo a chiwindi, amathanso kumizidwa ndi chakudya. Pali lingaliro kuti cholesterol imangoyambitsa thanzi la munthu, zomwe ndizolakwika. Cholesterol ndiye maziko a pafupifupi maselo onse amthupi la munthu. Ma membala a Cytological amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu, chimodzi chomwe ndi mapuloteni, ndipo zina ziwiri ndi phospholipid.
Mothandizidwa ndi cholesterol, mahomoni a steroid amapangidwa, komanso vitamini D3, yomwe imagwira gawo lalikulu pakulowetsa calcium. Ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuyendetsa zinthu za lipotropic, monga mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachidziwikire, cholesterol imatha kukhalanso ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, zomwe zimadziwika kwa pafupifupi aliyense - chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa lipids pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi yama cell a circulatory system, komanso kapangidwe ka miyala ya cholesterol ngati ma rheological ntchito ya bile yasokonekera.
Komanso musaiwale za momwe cholesterol imapangidwira serotonin, chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa "hormone ya chisangalalo." Ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga kwake, kupsinjika kwakukulu kumatha kukhazikika, kotero simuyenera kuyesera kuti muchotsere cholesterol kwathunthu.
Pulogalamu yoyamba, cholesterol, idatchulidwa mu 1769, pomwe asayansi adalekanitsa ndi mawonekedwe a miyala. "Chole" - m'Chilatini amatanthauza bile, ndi "sterol" - wokhala ndi maziko olimba.
Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha kafukufuku wamakono, zidatsimikizika kuti chinthuchi chimapangidwa ngati zotumphukira, motero ndikofunikira kusintha dzinali kukhala cholesterol.
Cholesterol ndi chopanda madzi chosakhazikika pa cyclopentane perhydrophenan Brotherse.
Udindo wachilengedwe wa cholesterol ndikuchita nawo pafupifupi zochita zonse za metabolic, zomwe ndi:
- cholesterol ndiwotsogola poyambira mitundu ina ya steroid, monga ma acid a bile, ma membrane a maselo, mahomoni a steroid;
- ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotupa zamtundu wa atherosulinotic;
- gawo lamatumbo omwe ali ndi matenda amisala;
- amatenga nawo kaphatikizidwe wa vitamini D3;
- amatenga nawo gawo pakagwiritsidwe ka cell cell;
- Amatha kuteteza maselo ofiira m'magazi chifukwa cha ziphe za hemolytic.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti popanda cholesterol, thupi la munthu silingathe kugwira bwino ntchito, koma ngakhale gawo lovomerezeka la chinthuchi likadzakhala, pamakhala chiwopsezo chotenga matenda ambiri.
Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol koyenera kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.
Kuchepa kwake kumathandizira kuphwanya kwamapangidwe azinthu, ndikuwonjezeranso kumabweretsa kutsekeka kwa kama.
Kapangidwe ka cholesterol kamasiyana. Ndipo kutengera izi, imapeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yayikulu ya cholesterol m'thupi ndi:
- C cholesterol yonse;
- Cholesterol mu mawonekedwe a otsika kwambiri osalimba lipoproteins.
- Monga gawo la otsika osalimba lipoproteins.
- Monga gawo la lipoproteins apakati.
- Monga gawo la lipoproteins yapamwamba.
Tanthauzo la chilichonse mwazomwezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafuta m'magazi am'magazi. Kutsika kachulukidwe ka lipoproteins, ndizomwe amathandizira pakutsitsidwa kwamafuta pakhoma lamitsempha, komwe kumabweretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti milomo ya lipid ikuyimitsidwa, ndipo ntchito yawo yofunika ndikusuntha kwa lipids kuchokera ku cell imodzi kupita ku ina. Kusintha koteroko mthupi kumathandiza kukhazikitsa malire osakhazikika, kuphwanya komwe kusintha kwa zam'thupi kumayamba.
Anthu ambiri amaiwala kuti nawonso amakhudza magazi m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, kudya zakudya zamafuta kumakhudza mwachindunji cholesterol.
Udindo wachilengedwe wa izi mwa izi ndikuti ma asidi a bile amapangidwa kuchokera ku iwo, omwe amathandiza kuti mafuta azitha kulowa. Mukamadya zakudya zamafuta, cholesterol imafunikira yochulukirapo, chifukwa chake, mafuta ochulukirapo amayamba, ndipo cholesterol yochulukanso imapangidwa m'chiwindi.
Zamoyo zakukula kwama cholesterol ndizosavuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi:
- zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, makamaka zochokera ku nyama;
- kusowa kwa fiber mu chakudya;
- kusuta
- matenda ashuga, popeza pali kuperewera kwathunthu kwa metabolic;
- ndi cholowa chamabadwa;
- kukhalapo kwa kunenepa;
- zovuta zambiri;
- kuphwanya chiwindi - kusayenda kwa ndulu, chiwindi kulephera;
- moyo wosachita bwino.
Zinthu zonsezi zimayambitsa zovuta zowopsa, monga kulowerera m'mitsempha, matenda am'mimba chifukwa cha atherosulinosis, kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga ndi kukula kwa microangiopathies, kapena vuto lalikulu kwambiri - ketoacidotic chikomokere.
Kukweza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokwanira pazowoneka bwino kwa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo, iwo omwe adakumana ndi zovuta zam'mtima kapena matenda ashuga, ndi vuto.
Chizindikiro ichi kwa iwo sichiyenera kupitilira 4.5, komanso kwa anthu athanzi 5-6 mmol pa lita.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chosungira cholesterol m'malo opanda zofunikira. Koma mulingo wololezeka ukachuluka, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a atherosulinosis chimawonjezeka kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse cholesterol, muyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo osavuta:
- Khalani ndi moyo wogwira - ndiye kuti cholesterol idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu monga metabolism ya minofu.
- Kutsatira zakudya zochepa zamafuta a nyama. M'malo mwake, tengani nkhumba yamafuta ndi ng'ombe, kapena nkhuku. Muyenera kudyetsa zakudya zanu ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri, monga masamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimakuthandizani kukonza matumbo komanso kuchepetsa kuperewera kwamafuta.
- Pewani zizolowezi zoyipa, zomwe, kuphatikiza kuphwanya hemodynamics pabedi lamitsempha, zimathandizanso pakugwira ntchito molakwika kwa ndulu, komwe kumabweretsa kukula kwa cholelithiasis.
- Nthawi ndi nthawi muziwona ntchito ya chiwindi ndi ndulu. Kamodzi pachaka, diagnostics a ultrasound omwe anakonzedwa ndi chisankho chabwino pamkhalidwewu.
- Yang'anani mbiri ya lipid yamagazi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
- Odwala omwe ali ndi mavuto chifukwa cha matenda ashuga atherosulinosis ndi mankhwala omwe amapatsidwa kuti azikwaniritsa mafuta a cholesterol.
Ngati kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro onsewa sikupereka zotsatira zoyenera, izi zimapangitsa nkhawa, popeza atherosulinosis imatha kukhalabe ya asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri mpaka tsiku lina imadzionetsera ngati kukanika kwa mtima: pachimake - pakukangana kwa mtima kapena kugunda kwamatenda, komanso kupweteka - munthawi yowonongeka kwa miyendo.
Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi.
M'masiku ano, moyo wakhazikika komanso kuphwanya zakudya kumayenderana ndi aliyense, muyenera kukumbukira za kuwongolera cholesterol.
Ngati ichulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira, ndikofunikira kusintha njira ya moyo, ndipo ngati izi zilibe vuto, funsani dokotala kuti musankhe mankhwala omwe angachepetse magazi m'thupi.
Maguluotsatirawa amatchulidwa kwa mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol:
- nicotinic acid zotumphukira;
- mafupa;
- ma statins
- mankhwala omwe bile bile acid.
Mankhwala onsewa, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe vuto, ali ndi zotsutsana zosiyanasiyana komanso zoyipa. Pankhaniyi, musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kufunsa katswiri. Pakati pawo, ma statins amatengedwa ngati mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri komanso amakono, omwe amathandizira kuchepa kwa cholesterol, komanso amachepetsa kutupa m'magulu a atherosranceotic. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa, matenda a mtima, komanso ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lalikulu la atherosulinosis.
Udindo wa cholesterol m'thupi ukufotokozedwera mu kanema munkhaniyi.
