Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimatenga nawo mbali lipid metabolism ndikupanga mahomoni oposa amodzi. Imapezeka m'maselo pafupifupi onse. Dzinalo lodziwika bwino la chinthu ndi cholesterol.
Woyamba dzina lake adamupatsa mu 1859, pomwe asayansi adazindikira kuti mankhwalawa ndi mowa. Ndi thupi, limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana mosadalira, ndipo gawo laling'ono limachokera ku chakudya. Ndikofunikira kuti zakudya zamagulu azakudya zizigwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuphwanya chikhalidwe cha cholesterol. Izi zimachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Izi zimasokoneza thanzi ndipo zimayambitsa matenda akulu.
Mwambiri, lipoprotein yachilengedwe imatha kugwira ntchito zotsatirazi:
- kupanga maziko am'mimba;
- kutenga nawo gawo kapangidwe ka mahomoni;
- thandizani kaphatikizidwe ka vitamini D;
- nawo kagayidwe;
- kutenga nawo mbali pakapangidwe ka bile;
- ndi zina mwazinthu zam'maselo am'mitsempha;
- kutenga nawo kaphatikizidwe wa serotonin;
- kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira;
- perekani vuto labwinobwino lamkati lamanjenje.
Chachikulu ndichakuti kapangidwe ka cholesterol nthawi zonse. Kuphwanya njirayi kumalonjeza kusasintha kwa machitidwe onse a thupi. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungadzitetezere ku zotsatirazi, muyenera kudziwa momwe kayendedwe ka cholesterol kaphatikizidwe ndi kapangidwe kake zimachitikira.
Kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol yakunja (mkati) kumatha kuwonedwa mu minofu yonse.
Kuchuluka kwa machitidwewo kumachitika m'chiwindi.
Phata lake loyambirira limatchedwa Acetyl-Coa.
Cholesterol biosynthesis imachitika malinga ndi chiwembuchi:
- Mavalonic acid amapangidwa.
- Asidi amasinthidwa kukhala isoprene wogwira, pomwe squalene amapangidwa.
- Squalene amasinthidwa kukhala sterol.
Pafupifupi galamu imodzi ya steroid imatha kupanga tsiku limodzi. Makina amomwe amapangira mankhwalawo ndi C27H45OH. Izi zimachitika ndi nawo pafupifupi ma enzyme 30 omwe amathandizira mu cell cytoplasm. Kuchuluka kwazinthu zimasandulika ma ether, kuphatikiza mafuta acids ndi wina ndi mnzake, ndiye kuti cholesterol catabolism imachitika. Mankhwala amapangika m'matumbo a adrenal, chiwindi, ndi gonads. Pambuyo pake, chinthu chopangidwacho chidzakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ka mahomoni, mapangidwe a bile.
Pali mtundu wina wa cholesterol - wakunja. Imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, makamaka ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a nyama. Kuwonongeka kwa cholesterol esters kudzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito enzyme - "cholesterol." Mafuta ochulukitsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha izi amalowa m'maselo a m'matumbo aang'ono ndipo amalowetsedwa m'magazi, pambuyo pake amalowa m'chiwindi.
Thupi limatengedwa kudzera minofu mothandizidwa ndi mapuloteni apadera - lipoproteins. Izi ndi mitundu itatu:
- Low density lipoproteins (LDL) sizabwino. Katunduyo amatumizidwa kumankhwala, ndipo owonjezera amatha kukhazikika pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga cholesterol plaques. Izi zimakwiyitsa kuchitika kwa atherosulinosis.
- Kutsika kwambiri kwa lipoproteins (VLDL). Amathandizira pa kayendedwe ka triglycerides ndi mankhwala ena. Mtundu uwu ndiwowopsa kwambiri kuposa onse, chifukwa ungayambitse matenda a sclerosis.
- High Density Lipoproteins (HDL). Ndi phula lothandiza lomwe limatha kuyamwa mafuta ochulukirapo ndikuwasamutsa ku chiwindi. Amathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa cholesterol yoyipa ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis.
Kwa thanzi la thupi, kusamala kwazinthu zamtunduwu ndizofunikira. Mukamayang'ana, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse. Kupatuka kuzizolowereka kumawonetsa zovuta za thanzi. Zizindikiro zama cholesterol athunthu amakhudzidwa ndi:
- kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya mapangidwe a chinthu mu chiwindi;
- kuchuluka kwa mayankho a chinthu ndi matumbo aang'ono;
- kagayidwe kudzera lipoproteins;
- ntchito ya cholesterol kusiya mwa bile zidulo.
Munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lawo la cholesterol. Zimatengera jenda, zaka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti amuna, ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumatha kuchuluka, pomwe akazi, m'malo mwake, amatha kuchepa.
Kuperewera kwa kholesterol kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo.
Ngakhale zoterezi zimachitika kangapo kangowonjezera, koma sizowopsa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwunikira zakudya ndi moyo.
Cholesterol chotsika chimabweretsa:
- Matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Kulephera kwa mtima.
- Chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mimba.
- Khansa ya chiwindi.
- Sitiroko.
- Mavuto amisala.
- Sepsis.
- Anemia
- Hyperthyroidism.
Mwa amuna, matendawa amakhumudwitsa kugona, mwa akazi, motsogozedwa ndi iye, amorrhea amapezeka.
Ngati matendawa amakula munthawi yobala mwana, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa fetal. Makanda obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma ricores.
Ngati kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse kukwera, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda nawonso umakhala wokwera.
Nthawi yayitali ya cholesterol ingayambitse:
- angina pectoris;
- matenda a mtima;
- matenda a mtima ndi matenda ashuga;
- sitiroko;
- endarteritis;
- matenda oopsa
Choopsa ndichakuti kuphwanyidwaku sikunatchulidwepo kalikonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupimidwa pafupipafupi, kapena kuyeza momwe ikugwirira ntchito kunyumba.
Popanda chithandizo chanthawi yake, matenda amtunduwu amatha kubweretsa kulumala ndi kufa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kumachitika ngati vuto la metabolic limachitika, motero njirayi imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
Dzinalo la sayansi la matenda a zamatsenga ndi hyperlipidemia.
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti thupi lili ndi LDL yayikulu.
Kwenikweni, imakwera chifukwa cha:
- Moyo wamunthu.
- Kulemera kwambiri.
- Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.
- Mitundu ya chibadwa.
- Type 2 shuga.
- Matenda a minyewa yolumikizana.
- Mowa.
- Kusuta.
- Kupsinjika nthawi zonse.
- Kumwa mankhwala.
- Ukalamba.
Mitengo yotsika imatulukira pazifukwa zina. Palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yake: kusokonezeka kwa chithokomiro komanso kupezeka kwa matenda a chiwindi. Amawonetseredwa makamaka pakakhala kupatula kwathunthu kwamafuta ku chakudya, mukamamwa mankhwala ena ake. Palinso zifukwa zina zingapo, kuphatikizapo zakudya zokhwima; kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali; kukhalapo kwa matenda pachimake; chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo; matenda a mtima.
Popewa ma pathologies, ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso a lipoprotein, biochemistry yamagazi ikufufuzidwanso. Phunziro la biochemical liziwulula ngakhale zosokoneza pang'ono m'magazi, kudziwa mkhalidwe wa mahomoni: chithokomiro, mahomoni ogonana. Ndikofunika kufufuza mkhalidwe wamthupi mwadongosolo. Zizindikiro za phunziroli zingakhale:
- Mkhalidwe wonenepa kwambiri, kapena kukhalapo kwa kunenepa kwambiri.
- Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis, kapena mbiri yake.
- Matenda a mtima.
- Matenda a chiwindi, impso.
- Matenda a shuga.
Ndikofunika kuti musadye maola 12 musanadye. Kusanthula kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti lipoprotein ikhale yabwinobwino, zoopsa ziyenera kupatula.
Muyenera kuchotsa zakudya zokhala ndi LDL muzakudya, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kuyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito confectionery ndi maswiti, m'malo mwa batala ndi masamba.
Malamulo a cholesterol amatha kuchitidwa mwaokha, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchotsa zizolowezi zoipa m'moyo ndikuyamba kuyenda kwambiri, ndiye thanzi limakhala labwino nthawi zonse.
Kodi kaphatikizidwe ndi kayendedwe ka cholesterol m'thupi kofotokozedwera kanema munkhaniyi.
