Atherosulinosis ndi matenda achitukuko. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa moyo, kusuntha kosalekeza komanso kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo, kugona ndi kudzutsidwa kusokonezedwa, malamulo a zakudya zabwino amaphwanya.
Izi ndi zina zambiri zimakhudzanso kuti mu matenda a mtima, kusintha kwa mitsempha m'mitsempha yamagazi kumachitika pamalo oyamba pakati pa zoyambitsa kufa ndi kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono.
Malo apadera mu ziwonetserozi amakhala ndi kuwononga ma atherosulinosis a ziwiya zapansi, ngati mkhalidwe womwe umachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa wodwalayo ndikupangitsa kusapeza bwino.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa komanso zomwe zimayambitsa
Atherosulinosis, kapena metabolic arteriosulinosis, ndimatenda a ziwiya zamatumbo akuluakulu komanso apakatikati mwa zotupa komanso zotanuka-zotupa, motero.
Malinga ndi International Classization of Diseases (ICD-10), matendawa amapatsidwa gulu la atherosulinosis ndi code 170.
Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a mtima, khoma la zotengera zofunikira zowonongeka zimawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutayika kwa kuthekera kotambasuka bwino komanso kulipira mphamvu pazotulutsa zamtima.
Anthu ambiri ali ndi atherosulinosis - mafuta amalowa, mafupa osintha pang'ono amapezeka ngakhale azaka zapakati pa 14 ndi 14, koma gulu lowopsa limakhala ndi amuna ambiri (kuchuluka kwa amuna odwala mpaka azimayi 5 mpaka 1) okulirapo kuposa 40.
Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda azikhala ndi matenda, zimaphatikizapo:
- M'badwo. Pambuyo pa zaka 21 mthupi la munthu, kusinthika kwa chithokomiro kumachitika, komwe kumapangitsa kukula, kusasinthika kwa maselo a chitetezo cha cellular, chifukwa cha izi pamakhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtima wa antigen, womwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis. Komanso, ndi ukalamba, kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi mwachilengedwe kumachepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa collagen, yomwe imathandizira kukomoka kwa khoma ndi puloteni yokhala ndi mapuloteni.
- Zakudya zoperewera m'thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndimafuta mu chakudya kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa ma enzyme omwe sangathe kuwononga zomwe zikubwera. Chifukwa cha izi, mafuta ndi cholesterol yoyandama m'magazi imasunthidwa kupita ku endothelium khoma la chotengera ndikukhalabe pamenepo, kudziunjikira.
- Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anthu m'masiku amakono samayenda kwambiri, ndipo minyewa yamtima imayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiro za atrophy. Izi zimadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi, pomwe zinthu zamafuta zimatha kulowa mkati mwa ziwalo zophatikizika zamatumbo.
- Kusuta. Kupindika kokhazikika komanso kupuma kwamitsempha chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa chikonga kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwamtunduwu. Masisitimu amanjenje, omwe ma tcheni awo onse pamodzi ndi ganglia amakhala pakhomalo, samvera malamulo aubongo. Malangizo a motility amasokonezeka, mtsempha wamafunde umakhala wogwiriridwa mosavuta wa fibrin ndi mafuta.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha matenda opatsirana chikule kwambiri zimaphatikizanso kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga komanso matenda oopsa m'magazi a wodwala.
Izi pathologies kangapo kumawonjezera mwayi wa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic.
Matenda a shuga amatsogolera kusakanikirana kwa michere yonse yamatumbo omwe amakhala ndi zosagwirizana ndi zana zomwe zimasokonezeka, kuphatikizapo kuphatikiza kwa lipids yaulere ku mphamvu ndi madzi.
Kuchulukitsa kowonjezereka kumathandizanso kuti kufupika kwamkati kwa vascular endothelium ndi kutulutsa kwake kutukuke. Pachifukwachi, pafupifupi munthu aliyense wokhala padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda a atherosulinosis.
Mikhalidwe yayikulu ya pathogenesis yamatenda
Pathogenis ya matendawa sanaphunzirepo bwino, koma magawo akulu adawululidwa kale. Mu gawo loyamba la dolipid pakusintha kwamankhwala ocheperako, pali kutuluka pang'ono kwa maselo, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mamembidwe awo, maziko owonjezereka a mitundu ya mayendedwe a lipid ndi kusalinganika kwawo (kuti asunge homeostasis, kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kotsika kwa lipoproteins m'chigawo cha 4: 1 kuyenera kusungidwa).
Panthawi ya lipoidosis, mapangidwe a maselo a xanthoma onenepa (nawonso amatchedwa foam cell) amaonedwa, omwe cytoplasm yake imadzazidwa ndi m'malovu amafuta ndi cholesterol. Macroscopically, ndi maliseche amaso, amapanga mawanga achikaso ndi mikwingwirima mum'chombo.
Mu gawo la fibromatosis, mapulateleti amatsatira kuphwanya, omwe amawona chidacho chomwe chikukula ngati malo owonongeka ndipo akufulumira kukachiyika.
Koma akudziunjikira, amatulutsa michere, kumangokulitsa zinthu. Chopangiracho chimakulirakulira, kutsekeka ndi chimbudzi ndipo chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi kwa malo ena ake.
Atheromatosis ndi gawo lotsogola, chifukwa chake zovuta zili pano zimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Iyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka kuti zilonda zam'mimba ziziwonongeke komanso kusokonekera kwa khoma la chotengera.
Chomalizira cha piramidi yonse ya magawo ambiri a pathogenesis ndikukhazikika kwa chinsalachi ndi mchere wa calcium ndi kuposanso kwatsopano, kupatsidwa ulemu.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda
Atherosulinosis sikuti imangokhala pamalo amodzi okha. Matendawa ndi othandizira, ali ndi mbali zambiri za pathological process m'thupi. Kuwonetsera kumadalira kutengera kwa chidikacho komanso kukula kwake.
Kupweteka kwakukulu ndi kusokonezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zamagetsi zam'munsi, zomwe zimapatsidwa mankhwalawa malinga ndi ICD-10 170.2 Pakadali pano, chidacho chimatseka kuwala kwa ziwiya zazikulu zamiyendo, nthambiyo ilandila oxygen ndi michere yokwanira. Poyamba wodwalayo amangomva ululu m'magawo akunja, akumalira ndi zala. Kenako, poyenda mtunda wautali, pakumveka choopsa champhamvu, chomwe chimangoima pakangoyima pang'ono komanso kupumira pang'ono. Miyendo yanga yayamba kuvulala, ndipo wodwalayo akupunduka. Pazotsatira, zilonda zam'mimba ndi mabala, kupindika kwapadera, kuchepa kwamisempha, kuwonekera kwa kuwawa, kupweteka kumakhala kosalephera. Zotsatira za vutoli ndi pang'onopang'ono, kuduladula, kapena kupindika kwa chidutswa cha zombo zovuta.
Msempha umakhudzidwa koyamba, ndipo uku ndi kuwonongeka kwa magazi pakuyenda kwamitsempha yamagazi. Chizindikiro chachikulu mwa odwala chotere ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Aortic atherosulinosis imatha kukhala ndi aneurysm komanso kukha magazi kwakukulu.
Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yama mtima ndiyowopsa. Ndi kutukuka kumeneku, IHD (matenda a mtima) mwina amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya kwa minofu ya mtima ndi matenda a angina. Mitsempha yamagazi ikuyenda bwino.
Kusintha kwa atherosulinotic mu ziwiya zamadzimadzi kumakhala ndi chikumbumtima chovuta kukumbukira, kugwirizanitsa, kukhumudwa, kusowa tulo. Ubongo umatha kusinthika mosavuta ku ischemia, ndipo masango a neural samabwezeretsanso pambuyo pakufa.
Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a matenda ammimba - stroko, ndiyomwe imayambitsa kulumala pakati pa matenda a mtima.
Kuzindikira ndi kuchitira atherosulinosis obliterans a m'munsi malekezero
Ngati mukukayikira matenda akulu komanso kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira, wodwalayo ayenera kupita kuchipatala. Achita kafukufuku ndikukhazikitsa mayeso angapo othandiza komanso a labotale.
Izi zikuphatikiza kuyesa kwamagazi ndi kwamagazi ambiri a cholesterol, LDL, HDL, chylomicrons, triglycerides yaulere.
Ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito dopplerography, rheovasography, arteriography, x-ray pogwiritsa ntchito masiyanasi.
Pathology imathandizidwa ndi njira zolembera m'magawo oyambirira komanso pokhapokha pakuchita opaleshoni m'magawo apambuyo.
Mutha kuyang'ana njira yachipatala yothetsera vutoli ngakhale isanayambike chizindikiro cha kupweteka kwambiri.
Mwa izi, mankhwalawa otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Zinc-gelatin phala Unna. Mankhwala awa amataya kutchuka kwawo chifukwa chokana ma pharmacies kuti apange zosakanikirana ndi kukonzekera kwawo, koma ndizothandiza kwambiri. Amasintha trophism mu minofu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi zilonda zam'mimba ndipo amachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi m'dera la ntchito. Imakonzedwa kuchokera ku gawo limodzi la gelatin, gawo limodzi la Zinc Oxide, magawo anayi amadzi ndi magawo anayi a glycerin. Phala limathira pambuyo pakusenda m'madzi osamba, kenako amadzimanga.
- Mankhwala omwe amapangitsa kuti cholesterol yathunthu ndi LDL ipangidwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo Zokor, Cholestyramine, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Quantalan. Pali maphunziro omwe amathandizira mankhwalawa pochiza matenda a atherosulinosis, koma izi zimangogwira magawo oyamba a matendawa. Mlingo wa cholesterol umasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwalawa komanso zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, koma ngati kusintha kwa organic khoma la chotengera kwachitika kale, gululi limataya magwiridwe ake.
- Kupititsa patsogolo trophism, mafuta opatsa thanzi komanso othandizira kufalitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthamangitsa njira za metabolic m'maselo. Awa ndi Actovegin, Trental, mavitamini a magulu C, B, E m'malo mwa antioxidants ndi otsogola poyambira zinthu zatsopano kuti abwezeretse mwachangu zida zowonongeka.
- Angioprotectors adalembedwa kuti ateteze zovuta komanso kuti zilepheretse kupita patsogolo kwa matenda. Ikani Parmidin, Quercetin, Dicinon.
- Chithandizo cha Syndrome chimachitika ndi antispasmodics (Dibazol, Papaverin, No-Shpa, Pentoxifylline), painkillers.
Njira zopangira opaleshoni zimaphatikizapo angioplasty yoyang'aniridwa ndi manja, kuyambitsa kwa ochepa kapena kukweza kwa chotengera chomwe chikugwiridwacho pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa baluni. Kuchita bwino kwa njirazi ndikwapamwamba kwambiri.
Ndikosavuta kupewa matenda kuposa kuchiza. Panthawi yakuphwanya atherosulinosis yokhala m'munsi, chithandizo cha zakudya chimasonyezedwa kupatulapo mafuta ambiri anyama ndi mchere woposa 6 g patsiku. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zizolowezi, kusuntha kwambiri ndikupita ku physiotherapy.
Momwe mungagwiritsire matenda a atherosclerosis a m'munsi omwe akufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
