Kalelo mu 1991, International Diabetes Federation idabweretsa tsiku la matenda ashuga. Ichi chakhala chinthu chofunikira pothana ndi chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa matendawa. Unachitika koyamba mu 1991 pa Novembara 14th. Osati International Diabetes Federation (IDF) yokha yomwe idachita nawo kukonzekera, komanso World Health Organisation (WHO).
Zochitika Zotsatira
Ganizirani pulogalamu ya zochitika mwachitsanzo, mitu yambiri:
- Ku Moscow, kuyambira 14 mpaka 18, kuyezetsa magazi atha kuchitidwa kwaulere kuti athe kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Zowunikira pamafotokozedwe amakono pankhani zamankhwala Mndandanda wamakiriniki otenga nawo mbali ndi tsatanetsatane wa zochitika ungapezeke patsamba lovomerezeka //mosgorzdrav.ru/ru-RU/news/default/card/1551.html.
- Ku Kiev patsikuli ku Chiyukireniya azichita mapulogalamu a infotainment, komanso kuyesa magazi a glucose mwachangu komanso kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Ku Minsk, National Library of Belarus ichitanso zomwezo Lachiwiri kuti izindikire chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga kwa aliyense.
Ngati muli kudera lina, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mukafunse kuchipatala chanu chapafupi kuti mukachite zomwe mwakonzekera tsiku limenelo.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Tsiku la Matenda Atsitsi ndi chikumbutso kwa anthu za chiwopsezo chomwe chikukula. Mwakuchita zinthu mogwirizana, IDF ndi WHO abweretsa magulu odziwika okwanira 145 m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Izi zinali zofunikira kudziwitsa anthu ambiri za kuopsa kwa matendawa.
Koma zochitikazo sizimangokhala tsiku limodzi: mgwirizano umagwira ntchito chaka chonse.
Tsiku la Ashuga limachitika mwamwambo pa Novembara 14th. Tsiku lomwe linawonetsedwa silinasankhidwe mwamwayi. Munali pa Novembara 14, 1891 pomwe dokotala wazachilengedwe wa Canada, dokotala Frederick Bunting, anabadwa. Iye, pamodzi ndi dotolo wothandizira Charles Best, adazindikira kuti insulini ya mahomoni. Izi zidachitika mu 1922. Kubowola insulin mwa mwana ndikupulumutsa moyo wake.
Patent ya mahoni inaperekedwa ku Yunivesite ya Toronto. Kenako adapita ku Canada Medical Research Council. Kumapeto kwa 1922, insulini idatulukira pamsika. Izi zidapulumutsa miyoyo yamagulu ochulukitsa amadola ashuga.
Zoyenerera za Frederick Bunting ndi John MacLeod zidadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Iwo mu 1923 adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel pantchito ya physiology (mankhwala). Koma Frederick Bunting adawona kuti chisankhochi sichabwino: adapereka theka la mphotho ya ndalama kwa womuthandizira, mnzake Charles Best.
Kuyambira 2007, tsikuli lachita chikondwerero cha UN. Chisankho chapadera cha United Nations chinalengeza zakufunika kwamapulogalamu aboma kuthana ndi matenda ashuga. Payokha, kufunikira kwa kudziwa njira yeniyeni yosamalirira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu kumadziwika.
Miyambo yokhazikitsidwa
Novembara 14 limawerengedwa moyenera ngati tsiku la onse omwe akuchita nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi matendawa. Iyenera kukumbukiridwa osati ndi odwala okha, komanso ndi akatswiri azachipatala, othandizira omwe amathandizira, omwe ntchito zawo zimayendetsedwa ndikupangitsa miyoyo ya anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga. Maziko osiyanasiyana othandizira, mashopu apadera, malo azachipatala amatenga nawo mbali.
Ku Russia, tchuthi ichi si tsiku loti tichitepo kanthu, koma zoyambitsa zonse za mabungwe omwe akuchita nawo polimbana ndi matenda ashuga zimathandizidwa mokomera boma.
Patsikuli, mwamwambo, zochitika zamaphunziro ambiri zimachitika. Osasintha chizolowezi ichi mu 2017. Zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi zokambirana pagulu, misonkhano, ndi misonkhano. M'mizinda ikuluikulu, pamagalamu osinthika amakonzekera.
Malo azachipatala amapereka mwayi wopita ku endocrinologist ndikuwunika kuti adziwe zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga. Anthu achidwi amatha kumvetsera zokambirana popewa komanso njira zamakono zochizira "matenda okoma".
Zipatala zina, malo ogulitsa odwala matenda ashuga, pokonzekera World Day motsutsana ndi matenda awa, akupanga mapulogalamu awo:
- khalani ndi mipikisano yojambula, owerenga, mpikisano wamasewera, zisudzo zamawu pakati pa odwala;
- konzani mphukira za zithunzi zopangidwa kuti ziwonetsere kuti moyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndiwotheka;
- kukonzekera zisudzo.
Ophunzirawo ndi ana komanso akulu omwe akudwala "matenda okoma".
Zolinga za chaka chamawa
Kusalingana kwachuma, makamaka m'maiko otukuka, kumayika akazi pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Kuwonongeka kwake kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa mowa kwambiri, komanso kusuta.
Mu 2017, tsikulo lidzaperekedwa ku mutu "Women ndi shuga." Sanasankhidwe mwamwayi, chifukwa ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa. Mkazi aliyense wachisanu ndi chinayi amwalira ndi matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ena azimayi amapeza chithandizo chamankhwala ochepa. Chifukwa cha izi, kudziwitsidwa koyambirira kwa matendawa, kuikidwa kwa chithandizo chokwanira panthawi yake ndikosatheka.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, azimayi awiri mwa asanu aliwonse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi zaka zobereka. Zimakhala zovuta kwa iwo kubereka ndi kubereka. Amayi otere ayenera kukonzekera pakati, kuyesera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kale. Kupanda kutero, mayi woyembekezera ndi mwana ali pachiwopsezo. Kulephera kuyendetsa bwino vutoli, kulandira chithandizo mosayenera kumatha kupangitsa kuti onse afe chifukwa cha mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.
Mu 2017, kampeni ya matenda ashuga ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezera kupezeka kwa ntchito zaumoyo kwa amayi mmaiko onse. Malinga ndi mapulani a IDF, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti azimayi amatha kudziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, njira zodziwira ndi kuwunika momwe aliri. Gawo lina limaperekedwa chidziwitso popewa matenda amtundu 2.
Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, bungwe la mayiko onse lidapereka zida zokweza. Ndi thandizo lawo, akuyembekeza kulandira anthu ambiri mabungwe omwe ali ndi chidwi, maziko ndipo akonzekera mokwanira Novembara 14.
Kukula kwa chochitika
Padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumafika 1-8.6%. Monga zowerengera zikuwonetsa, zaka khumi ndi zisanu zilizonse, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a shuga kumawonjezera kawiri. Izi zimabweretsa chifukwa chakuti matendawa amatengera zachipatala komanso chikhalidwe. Akatswiri akuti matenda ashuga ayamba kukhala osautsa.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa IDF, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2016, anthu pafupifupi 415 miliyoni omwe ali mgululi wazaka 20-79 adadwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi yomweyo, theka la odwala sadziwa za matendawo. Malinga ndi IDF, azimayi osachepera 199 miliyoni tsopano ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo pofika 2040 padzakhala 313.
Chimodzi mwazochita za International Diabetes Federation ndikupangitsa kuti matenda adziwe. Malinga ndi malingaliro a madotolo, kuyezetsa shuga kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka, ngakhale pakakhala zovuta zaumoyo.
Chiwerengero cha odwala omwe akudwala matenda amtundu wa insulin akuchulukirachulukira. Izi ndichifukwa chakusintha kwa mtundu wa ntchito zamankhwala zoperekedwa: chifukwa cha mankhwala amakono ndi zida zamakono zoperekera insulin, moyo wa odwala umakulitsidwa.
Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu odwala matenda a shuga amwalira, chifukwa popanda insulini, minofu yathupi samatha kuyamwa glucose. Odwala analibe chiyembekezo choti achira. Koma papita nthawi yayitali kuchokera pamene apeza komanso chiyambi cha kuchuluka kwa insulini. Mankhwala ndi sayansi sizinayime, tsopano miyoyo ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu II komanso matenda ashuga II ayamba kusavuta.
