Insulin yaumunthu ndi chida chothandiza kupangira odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga. Ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi chibadwa chomwe chimasungunuka kwambiri mu zakumwa. Kuvomerezedwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngakhale mukakhala ndi pakati.
Mayina amalonda
Actrapid, Humulin, Insuran.
Insulin yaumunthu ndi chida chothandiza kupangira odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga.
INN: Semi-yopanga insulin yaumunthu.
ATX
A10AD01 /
Kodi amapangidwa ndi chiyani?
Mutha kukhala munjira izi:
- kugwiritsa ntchito yapadera yotakasika mankhwala a porcine insulin;
- Zotsatira zake, momwe majini osinthika a yisiti kapena Escherichia coli amakhudzidwa, mabakiteriya a coli.
Insulin yotereyi ndi biphasic. Imayeretsedwa koyamba, kenako imapangidwa kupanga mankhwala omaliza. Kapangidwe kamankhwala awa sikosiyana kwambiri ndi insulin yoyera yopanga mankhwala. Ena okhazikika, othandizira oxidizing komanso mabacteria mabacteria amawonjezeranso munthu.
Mtundu waukulu wamasulidwe ndi yankho la jakisoni. 1 ml ikhoza kukhala ndi ma insulin 40 kapena 100 a insulin.
Njira yayikulu yakumasulidwe kwa insulin yaumunthu ndi yankho la jakisoni.
Zotsatira za pharmacological
Mankhwalawa akukhudzana ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa. Pamaso pa nembanemba ya maselo ambiri, mitundu yovuta ya insulin-receptor, yomwe imawoneka pambuyo poyanjana mwachindunji ndi kumtunda kwa membrane wa cell. Kuphatikizika kwa cycloo oxygenase mkati mwa maselo a chiwindi ndi mawonekedwe a mafuta kumawonjezeka.
Insulin imatha kulowa mwachindunji m'maselo a minofu. Poterepa, kukondoweza kwa njira zonse zomwe zimachitika m'maselo zimachitika. Kuphatikizika kwa michere yofunika hexokinase ndi glycogen synthetase kumakhala bwino.
Kuchulukana kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika chifukwa chogawa mwachangu mkati mwa maselo. Kutsimikizika kwake kwabwino ndi matupi onse amthupi kumachitika. Pali kukondoweza kwa machitidwe a glycogenogeneis ndi ma cell lipogenis. Mapangidwe a mapuloteni amapangidwa mwachangu. Kufunika kwa shuga wopangidwa ndi ma cell a chiwindi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri pochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa glycogen.
Pharmacokinetics
Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a insulin nthawi zambiri kumadalira momwe zinthu zomwe zimagwirira ntchito zimathandizira. Zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mlingo womaliza, kuchuluka kwa insulini mu jakisoni wa jekeseni komanso pamalo omwe jakisoniyo yayamba. Timalizi zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana. Insulin siyingadutse chotchinga cha placenta.
Insulin siyingadutse chotchinga cha placenta.
Itha kuwonongeka pang'ono ndi insulinase mwachindunji m'chiwindi. Imapukusidwa makamaka mwa kusefa impso. Kuthetsa theka-moyo sikudutsa mphindi 10. Kuchuluka kwa insulin koyera m'magazi kumawonedwa mkati mwa ola limodzi pambuyo pake. Zotsatira zake zimatha mpaka maola 5.
Zisonyezero zakugwiritsa ntchito insulin yaumunthu
Pali ma pathologies angapo omwe chithandizo chimasonyezedwa:
- lembani 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga;
- diabetesic acidosis;
- ketoacidotic chikomokere;
- matenda a shuga pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.
Pakakhala mkhalidwe wokondweretsa wodwala, ayenera kuchipatala. Ngati thanzi silikuyenda bwino, hemodialysis imachitidwa. Nthawi zina, pakakhala zovuta zina, chitani mankhwala mosamala. Mlingo ndi nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala amatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka dokotala poyerekeza ndi zovuta za matenda.
Contraindication
Insulin yamunthu siyikulimbikitsidwa:
- hypoglycemia;
- kusalolera kapena hypersensitivity magawo a mankhwala.
Izi zotsutsana ziyenera kuganiziridwapo musanayambe chithandizo.
Momwe mungatengere insulin yaumunthu
Mlingo ndi njira yotsogoza mwachindunji imatsimikiziridwa pokhapokha pa shuga ya magazi, komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, phwando limatengera kuuma kwa chitukuko cha glucosuria.
Nthawi zambiri, subcutaneous makonzedwe. Chitani mphindi 15 chakudya chachikulu chisanachitike. Mu matenda a diabetes acute ketoacidosis kapena chikomokere, insulin yovulala imabayidwa jekeseni, nthawi zonse kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'magazi a gluteus, opaleshoni iliyonse isanachitike.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupereka mankhwalawa katatu pa tsiku. Pofuna kupewa zilonda zam'mimba zambiri, simungathe kumeza mankhwalawo m'malo omwewo. Ndiye dystrophy yama subcutaneous yamafuta siziwona.
Akuluakulu tsiku lililonse mlingo 40 ndi ana, ndipo kwa ana ndi magawo 8. Nthawi zonse oyendetsera kasamalidwe kawiri pa tsiku. Ngati pali chosoweka chotere, ndiye kuti mutha kulandira insulin mpaka kasanu.
Akuluakulu tsiku lililonse insulin ndi 40 magawo.
Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin yaumunthu
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsatirazi zotsatirazi zimakonda kukhala:
- mawonetseredwe a matupi awo: urticaria, edema ya Quincke;
- kupuma movutikira, kutsika kwakatali pamavuto;
- hypoglycemia: kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, khungu lake, kugwedezeka kwambiri, kugona mosalekeza, kukhumudwa, kugona tulo, migraines, mkwiyo wambiri, kutopa, kusawona bwino kwa malankhulidwe ndi mawu, minyewa ya nkhope;
- hypoglycemic chikomokere;
- hyperglycemia ndi acidosis: pakamwa mokhazikika, kukhumudwa kwambiri, khungu la nkhope;
- chikumbumtima;
- kuchepa kwa masomphenya;
- kuyabwa ndi kutupa m'malo omwe mankhwalawo adathandizira;
- mawonekedwe a kutupira kwa nkhope ndi miyendo, kuphwanya Refraction.
Izi zimachitika kwakanthawi ndipo sizifunikira chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala. Amadutsa pang'onopang'ono atachotsa ndalamazo.
Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin ya anthu zimakhala edema ya Quincke.
Zokhudza mphamvu pakuwongolera njira
Ndi mankhwala a insulin, kuphwanya pang'ono gawo linalake la psychomotor komwe kumachitika ndikusokonezeka kooneka ndikotheka. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kupewetsa galimoto yoyendetsa yokha ndi makina olemera.
Malangizo apadera
Musanatenge yankho mwachindunji kuchokera m'botolo, muyenera kulionadi kuti likuwonekera bwino. Ngati vuto lililonse likuwoneka, mankhwalawa sayenera kumwa.
Mlingo wa insulin umasinthidwa motere:
- matenda opatsirana;
- kulakwitsa kwa chithokomiro;
- Matenda a Addison;
- hypopituitarism;
- matenda a shuga mwa anthu okalamba.
Nthawi zambiri, kuwonetsa kwa pachimake hypoglycemia kumayamba. Zonsezi zimayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhazikika kwa insulini komweko komwe kumachokera munthu, kufa ndi njala, komanso kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza komanso zizindikiro zina za kuledzera. Hypoflycemia yofatsa imatha kuyimitsidwa ndi shuga.
Mlingo wa insulin umasinthidwa kwa odwala okalamba.
Ngati zizindikiro zazing'ono za hypoglycemia zikuwoneka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri. Wofatsa, kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kungathandize. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito a detoxification ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa mankhwala kapena kulandira chithandizo kumafunikira.
Kumbukirani kuti m'malo oyang'anira mwachindunji, dystrophy yama subcutaneous mafuta imatha kuchitika. Koma izi zitha kupewedwa ndikusintha malo a jakisoni.
Gwiritsani ntchito panthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m`mawere
Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi la mayi wapakati ndikofunikira. Mu trimester yoyamba, kufunikira kwa insulin yoyera kumachepera pang'ono, ndipo kumapeto kwa nthawi kumawonjezeka.
Pa yoyamwitsa, mkazi angafunike kusintha kwa insulin ndi zakudya zapadera.
MP ilibe mutagenic komanso ma genetically poizoni.
The ntchito aimpso kuwonongeka
Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a impso, kungakhale kofunikira kusintha mlingo wa insulin.
Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito yolakwika ya chiwindi
Mosamala, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa. Pakusintha pang'ono kwa zitsanzo za chiwindi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha mlingo.
Mosamala, insulini iyenera kutengedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.
Bongo
Zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo zimatha kuchitika pafupipafupi:
- hypoglycemia - kufooka, thukuta kwambiri, kukhuthala kwa khungu, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero, lilime lonjenjemera, kumverera kwanjala;
- hypoglycemic chikomokere ndi chindoko.
Chithandizo chake chimakhala chodziwikiratu. Hypoglycemia imatha kudutsa mukatha kudya shuga kapena zakudya zamafuta ambiri.
Poletsa zizindikiro za mankhwala osokoneza bongo osokoneza bongo, glucagon wangwiro amaphatikizidwa. Pakumveka kukomoka mwadzidzidzi, mpaka 100 ml ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo a dextrose amadzilowetsa pansi mpaka wodwala atatuluka.
Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena
Njira yothetsera insulin yopanga ndi yoletsedwa kuphatikiza ndi njira zina za jakisoni. Zotsatira zazikulu za hypoglycemic zimangowonjezereka ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi sulfonamides, Mao inhibitors, ndi anabolic steroids. Androgens, tetracyclines, bromocriptine, ethanol, pyridoxine ndi ena a beta-blockers amathandizanso pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Mphamvu ya hypoglycemic imafooka mukatengedwa ndi mahomoni akuluakulu a chithokomiro, kulera, glucagon, estrogens, heparin, sympathomimetics ambiri, antidepressants, calcium, morphine and anticonists anticonists.
Insulin imakhudzanso kuphatikizidwa kwa shuga ndi beta-blocker, reserpine ndi pentamidine.
Kuyenderana ndi mowa
Kumwa insulin sikugwirizana ndi kumwa mowa. Zizindikiro za kuledzera zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zotsatira za mankhwalawo zimachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kumwa insulin sikugwirizana ndi kumwa mowa.
Analogi
Pali mitundu ingapo yofunika:
- Berlinsulin N Mwachizolowezi;
- Diarapid CR;
- Wotsimikiza;
- Insulin Actrapid;
- Insuman Rapid;
- Pakati;
- Pensulin;
- Humodar.
Musanagule mankhwala kuti musinthe m'malo mwa mankhwala, muyenera kufunsa katswiri. Ngakhale maMS ena ndi otsika mtengo, atha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Mankhwala onse amachita mosiyanasiyana pama receptor receptor. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikungotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kuthekera kwake kumangiriza ku zovuta za receptor. Kuphatikiza apo, chilichonse chimakhala ndi zake ndi ma contraindication, chifukwa chake amasankhidwa ndi dokotala payekhapayekha.
Kupita kwina mankhwala
Insulin yaumunthu ingagulidwe kokha pamasitolo apadera.
Kodi ndingagule popanda kulandira mankhwala?
Wogulitsa ndi Chinsinsi chapadera.
Mtengo
Mtengo wake umatengera malire a mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa mabotolo omwe ali phukusi. Mtengo wapakati umachokera ku 500 mpaka 1700 rubles.
Zosungidwa zamankhwala
Amasungidwa pa kutentha kosaposa + 25 ° C pamalo otetezedwa kwambiri kuchokera kwa ana aang'ono. Ndikofunika kupewa dzuwa lowongolera mwachindunji.
Insulin ya Anthu imasungidwa pa kutentha osaposa + 25 ° C.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti yankho silitaya mawonekedwe ake, ndipo palibe mawonekedwe pansi. Izi zitachitika, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tsiku lotha ntchito
Khalani otseguka botolo likuvomerezeka masiku 30 okha. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, mankhwalawo amatayidwa.
Wopanga
Pali mabungwe angapo omwe amapanga insulin yaumunthu:
- Sanofi (France);
- NovoNordisk (Denmark);
- EliLilly (USA);
- Pharmstandard OJSC (Russia);
- OJSC "National Biotechnologies" (Russia).
Ndemanga
Oksana, wazaka 48, Rostov-on-Don: "Ndinapezeka kuti ndadwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1. Ndinalembedwera insulin kuti ndigwiritsidwe ntchito. Imagulitsidwa m'mabotolo, imodzi imakhala nthawi yayitali. Uwu ndi umodzi mwazinthu zofunikira. Pakupita masiku ochepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunali kofala.Chinthu chokhacho ndikuti mlingo uyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga.Ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kokha ndi dokotala, chifukwa zizindikiro za bongo ndizowopsa.
Ndikuchita jakisoni nthawi zonse, koma osachepera katatu patsiku, chifukwa mankhwalawa sanatalike kwambiri, sikokwanira kwa tsiku lonse. "
Alexander, wazaka 39, Saratov: "Ndakhala ndikudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndimalandira chithandizo chamankhwala a syringe, omwe ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Poyamba mankhwalawa, panali zina zomwe zimachitika mderalo m'njira za hematomas pankhani yopereka mankhwalawa. Komano adotolo adati ndichofunika kuchita. jakisoni m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti asalowe m'matumba oyenda pansi. Nditayamba kuchita izi, hematomas sinapangidwe kenanso. Ndimaona kuti kufupikirako kwa mankhwalawa ndikungokhalanso kopanda pake. Amakhala kwa maola opitilira 5. Ndipo chifukwa chake, zotsatira zake ndi zabwino. "
Anna, wazaka 37, St. Petersburg: "Mankhwalawa sanakwane. Kuyambira tsiku loyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, hematoma yayikulu idatulukira pamalo opangira jakisoni, zotenthetsera moto zinawoneka. Zosasangalatsa zomwe zidatenga nthawi yayitali. Jekeseni wachiwiri adapangidwanso kumalo ena, koma zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi. Malinga ndi mayesowo, kusintha kwa magazi kunawonekera. Zizindikiro zonse za hypoglycemia zinaonedwa. Zinakwiya kwambiri, kusowa tulo. Zinayamba kudziwika kuti kunjenjemera kwa manja kunayamba. Zonsezi zinali zowopsa kwambiri mpaka adokotala nthawi yomweyo adapereka mankhwala othandizira ndikuchotsa mankhwalawo. "
