Matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) ali ndi vuto la "hyperglycemia" Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga sichikudziwika. Matendawa amatha kuwonekera pamaso pa zilema zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a maselo kapena kusokoneza insulin. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimaphatikizanso kuwonongeka koopsa kwa kapamba, kuchepa kwa ziwalo zina za endocrine (pituitary, adrenal gland, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro), zotsatira za poizoni kapena matenda. Kwa nthawi yayitali, matenda ashuga amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chobweretsera matenda a mtima (SS).
Chifukwa chakuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kwa matenda amisala, mtima, ubongo kapena zotumphukira zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kayendetsedwe koyipa ka glycemic, matenda a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda enieni a mtima.
Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga
Ku France, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga ndi pafupifupi 2.7 miliyoni, mwa iwo 90% ndi odwala matenda a shuga 2. Pafupifupi anthu 300 000-500 000 (10-15%) mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga saganiza ngakhale pang'ono za matendawa. Komanso, kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumachitika mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10, chomwe ndichofunikira kuti T2DM iyambe. Mavuto a SS amadziwika kawiri ndi 2.4 mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Amazindikira zakukula kwa matenda ashuga ndipo amathandizira kuchepa kwa chiyembekezo chamoyo wodwalayo pofika zaka 8 kwa anthu azaka 55-64 komanso zaka 4 kwa magulu achikulire.
Pafupifupi 65-80% yamilandu, chifukwa cha anthu omwe amadwala matenda ashuga ndimatenda amtima, makamaka myocardial infarction (MI), stroke. Pambuyo pa kusinthasintha kwa myocardial, zochitika zamtima nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kuthekera kwa kupulumuka kwa zaka 9 pambuyo polowera pulasitiki pazombozi ndi 68% kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 83,5% kwa anthu wamba; chifukwa chachiwiri stenosis komanso atheromatosis wankhanza, odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi MI mobwerezabwereza. Gawo la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'madipatimenti amtima akukulira pafupipafupi ndipo amapanga oposa 33% mwa odwala onse. Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira pangozi yopanga matenda a SS.
Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga za 2016 (WHO)
Mu Epulo 2016, World Health Organisation idatulutsa lipoti la matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi. Ziwerengero zotsatirazi za shuga zidalembedwa pamenepo:
- mu 1980, pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni adadwala matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi;
- mu 2014, chiwerengerochi chidakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni;
- kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi (zaka zodziwika bwino) kuli pafupifupi kuwirikiza, kukwera kuchoka pa 4.7% mpaka 8.5%;
- mchaka cha 2012, anthu 3.7 miliyoni adamwalira ndi matenda ashuga (43% yaiwo ali ndi zaka zosakwana 70);
- kuchuluka kwaimfa kumakhala kwambri kumayiko ochita zochepa;
- pofika chaka cha 2030, matenda ashuga azikhala achitetezo 7 omwe amafa padziko lonse lapansi.
Palibe ziwerengero zapadziko lonse lapansi zokhudzana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2, chifukwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga wokha ukangokhudza achikulire, tsopano ana akhoza kudwala.
