Matenda a shuga ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko cha anthu akukhala chochitika chofala. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 15% ya anthu onse akudwala ndi vuto losasangalatsa ili komanso losapweteketsa moyo, pafupifupi kuchuluka komweko kuli mumdima wokhala ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga kapena kale ogwidwa ndi matendawa.
Kutengera izi, m'modzi mwa atatu amamva izi potsatira njira zawo, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse azitsatiridwa kuti apewe, kapena pavuto lalikulu kwambiri, azitsatira bwino matendawa moyo wonse, ndikukhalabe munthu wamphumphu komanso wachimwemwe.
Kodi agogo ndi chiyani?
Biguanides ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amapangidwa kuti achepetse kukana kwa insulin kwa maselo amthupi mwakuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa mashuga osiyanasiyana komanso mafuta m'matumbo. Ndi imodzi mwanjira zambiri zochizira matenda ashuga, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha chibadwa kapena zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zachokera pagululi ndi:
- Guanidine - Idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ku Europe yakale, koma nthawi yomweyo idapaka chiwindi. Tsopano osagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- Sintalin - Adapangira kuti athane ndi mtundu wofatsa wa matendawa, koma kuwopsa kwambiri komanso kuwonekera kwa insulin m'mankhwala kudathandizira kuyimitsidwa kwa maphunziro okhudzana, ngakhale mankhwalawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 40s ya zaka zapitazi;
- Buformin ndi Fenformin - adawoneka mu 50s m'zaka za zana la 20, chifukwa chakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira pakamwa pochizira matenda amtundu wa 2, komanso adakumana ndi mavuto am'mimba monga zotsatira zoyipa. Kupitilira apo, zoopsa zawo zidatsimikiziridwa ndikuletsa zoletsedwa mwamphamvu za mankhwalawa. Tsopano atha kukhala osaloledwa a Metformin chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, koma ichi ndiye chiopsezo chosavomerezeka.
- Metformin (yekhayo amene amaloledwa kuchokera pagulu losankhidwa, chifukwa cha chiopsezo chochepa cha lactic acidosis). Komanso mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti Glucofage, Siofor. Pali mapiritsi okhala ndi mbali zingapo momwe amaphatikizidwira. Zotsatira zakufufuza (mpaka pano pa mphutsi zokha), zidatsimikiziridwa kuti mtsogolo, Metmorfin ikhoza kukhala "piritsi ya ukalamba" chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika pompopompo.
Njira yamachitidwe
Monga mukudziwa, thupi lathu limatha kupeza shuga m'njira ziwiri:
- Kunja ndi chakudya.
- Ndi gluconeogenesis mu chiwindi.
Chifukwa chake, pali makonzedwe osungira shuga pamlingo wokwanira bwino. M'mawa kwambiri, shuga amatuluka mumtsempha ndipo amaperekedwa ku ubongo, motero amakhala opatsa thanzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ndiyabwino. Koma tikapanda kugwiritsa ntchito mulingo woyenera, ndiye kuti zochulukazo zidzakhazikitsidwa thupi ngati mafuta.
Ndikofunika kumwa Metformin nthawi imodzi ndi chakudya, kumakhala kosavuta kumalowa m'magazi pakukonzekera mwachangu kusiyana ndi m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Thupi limagwira ntchito pa hepatocytes, kukulitsa chidwi cha minyewa kupita ku insulin ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa komweko m'matumbo.
Zotsatira zoyenera za kutenga Metmorphine:
- kuchepetsa kukhazikika kwamasitolo ogulitsa mafuta;
- kukonzanso;
- kutsitsa shuga m'njira yovomerezeka;
- kuchepa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated mpaka 1.5%;
- palibe kuchepa kwamagazi m'magazi pambuyo pogona ndi njala yofananira mwa odwala a gulu lachiwiri ndi anthu athanzi;
- kutsegula kwa lipolysis;
- chopinga cha lipogenesis;
- cholesterol yotsika;
- utachepa triglycerides;
- milingo yotsika kwambiri ya lipoproteins;
- yafupika kupatsidwa zinthu za hemostasis.
Zotsatira zoyipa
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe mankhwalawa amayambitsa nthawi zambiri kuposa zina, atha kukhala:
- kutupa kwa m'mimba kapena kumangoyipa;
- kuchuluka kwa serotonin (mahomoni achisangalalo) m'matumbo, komwe kumalimbikitsa ntchito yake ndikumayambitsa matenda am'mimba pafupipafupi;
- vitamini B12 hypovitaminosis;
- zotupa pakhungu;
- mawonekedwe a lactic acidosis;
- testosterone yachepa mwa amuna;
- mawonekedwe a megaloblastic anemia (osowa kwambiri).
Contraindication
Metformin imatsutsana mu:
- zakumwa zoledzeretsa, chifukwa chakuti zimayambitsa acidization wamagazi chifukwa kuchepa kwa shuga, ndipo izi ndizowopsa;
- kugwira ntchito molimbika kwa anthu opitilira 60;
- kukhalapo kwa pachimake zinthu ndi kufunika insulin mankhwala;
- mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere;
- kulephera kwaimpso kapena mavuto ena a impso;
- mavuto a chiwindi
- kukhalapo kwa lactic acidosis (pamene zomwe lactic acid zili m'magazi zidapitilira;
- kukhalapo kwa matenda a hypoxic (kuchepa magazi, kupuma, kulephera kwamtima);
- pachimake kwamikodzo thirakiti matenda;
- matenda a bronchopulmonary;
- kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kufooka kwa thupi.
Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Chochitikacho chimakulitsidwa limodzi ndi:
- Insulin
- Secretogens;
- Acarbose;
- Mao zoletsa;
- Cyclophosphamide;
- Clofibrate;
- Salicylates;
- ACE zoletsa;
- Oxytetracycline.
Chochita chimafooka chikaphatikizidwa ndi:
- GCS;
- njira zakulera za mahomoni;
- mahomoni a chithokomiro;
- thiazide okodzetsa;
- nikotini imachokera kwa inu;
- Epinephrine;
- Glucagon
- Phenothiazine zotumphukira.
Pakati pa gulu lonse la Biguanides, Metformin ndiwotsika mtengo, wopezeka paliponse komanso wothandiza kwambiri pochiritsa. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda atapezeka, muyenera kufunsa dokotala komanso kukayezetsa magazi. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosamala muyezo Mlingo, mutha kukonza thanzi lanu lonse ndikukhala osasamala, osadziwa nkhawa.
Kanema wochokera kwa Dr. Malysheva pazoyambirira zitatu za matenda ashuga:
Chofunikira kukumbukira ndikuti shuga sakhala sentensi, komanso kuti zovuta zam'masiku oyambitsidwa zimatha kuchepetsedwa potsatira zakudya ndi malangizo a dokotala.
