Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha zotupa za kapamba

Malo achinayi mu chiwerengero chaimfa amakhala ndi zotupa zoyipa za kapamba.

Chiwopsezo chambiri cha kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana chimachitika pa 70, koma chiopsezo cha neoplasm chimachitika pambuyo pa zaka 30 zakubadwa.

Kukula kwamatenda kumachitika chifukwa chakuti kupweteka ndi kupweteka kwapafupipafupi kumachitika pafupifupi, komwe kumapangitsa kuti matenda azindikire kumayambiriro kwake ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino.

Zoyambitsa neoplasms

Chomwe chimapangitsa chotupacho kukhala maselo osinthika omwe amawoneka m'thupi, koma kukula kwawo kumalimbikitsidwa pakanthawi kokhala chitetezo cha mthupi. Chitetezo cha mthupi chitayamba kufooka, maselo owopsa amayambanso kugawanika, kenako amakumana ndi neoplasm, komwe thupi silingathe kuthana nalo lokha.

Zomwe maselo omwe ali ndi DNA yosinthika amawonekera sakudziwika pano, koma zinthu zoterezi zingakhudze chotupacho:

• mowa ndi chikonga;
• chibadwa komanso chibadwa chamtsogolo;
• mtundu ndi jenda - pafupipafupi matenda amapezeka mwa amuna, komanso anthu a mtundu wa Negroid;
• zakubadwa - anthu opitilira 65 amatenga matenda;
• aakulu kapamba;
• poizoni thupi ndi poyizoni ndi mankhwala;
• zilonda zam'mimba;
• matenda a endocrine;
• matenda a chiwindi;
• kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zolimbitsa thupi kuphatikiza kulemera kwakukulu;
• kukhalapo kwa oncological pathologies m'thupi;
• zilonda zam'mimba ndi matenda a Crohn;
• opaleshoni yam'mimba;
• mavuto a kudya;
• matenda amkamwa;
• Matenda oopsa.

Adenoma, mapangidwe a cystic mu gland ndi pancreatitis nthawi zambiri amatsogolera pakupezeka zotupa za khansa.

Phunziro la kanema wokhudza ntchito ya kapamba m'thupi:

Zotupa za Benign

Zotupa za Benign sizowopsa pamoyo, koma zimatha kukhala zopweteka. Chifukwa chake, kuwazindikira kwawo ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake sikofunikira kwenikweni monga kuzindikira zotupa za khansa.

Mitundu

Gawoli lagawa zotupa m'mitundu yotsatirayi:

• fibromas - amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma cell a fibrous;
• lipomas - amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo amafuta;
• adenoma - imakhala ndi minyewa
• insuloma - chotupa cha neuroendocrine;
• hemangioma - wopangidwa kuchokera kumitsempha yamagazi;
• leiomyoma - yopangidwa kuchokera ku maselo osalala a minofu;
• neurinoma - imakhala ndi maselo amitsempha.

Pali magawo awiri a chitukuko cha zotupa:

• koyamba - chotupa chaching'ono chitapanga;
• mochedwa - neoplasm imayamba kupanikizana ma ducts, mitsempha yamitsempha ndi kutalika kwa mitsempha, imayamba kuthana ndi ziwalo zapafupi.

Zizindikiro

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, zotupa sizimadziwonetsera mwanjira iliyonse, koma pakupita patsogolo, mutha kuzindikira zina:

• chilala chimachepa ndipo mseru umachitika;
• machitidwe amawonongeka;
• pamakhala kupweteka m'mimba komanso pansi pa nthiti yakumanja, kupatsa msana;
• ululu umamveka pambuyo poti wadya ndipo umangokulira usiku.

Kuchulukana, mapangidwewo amasokoneza ntchito ya gland, ndipo zizindikirazo zimayamba kutchulidwa kwambiri:

• kutsegula m'mimba kumayamba ndowe zowala;
• kusanza kumasandukanso kusanza;
• mkodzo umachita khungu;
• kuchuluka kwa msambo kumadodometsedwa;
• thukuta limachulukitsa;
• kuzizira ndi kupweteka kwa chiwindi kumawonekera;
• khungu ndi mucous nembanemba maso kutembenukira chikasu;
• Khungu.

Kuchita khungu ndi kuyabwa pakhungu nthawi zambiri kumachitika ngati chotupa m'mutu wa kapamba amapezeka.

Pakadali pano, simungathenso kuchedwetsa kupita kwa adotolo. Maphunziro omwe amapezeka mwachangu, amapezeka, ndiye kuti angalepheretse kukula kwa oncology.

Zizindikiro

Kuzindikira kumayamba ndi kusonkha chidziwitso chokhudza madandaulo, moyo wa wodwalayo, matenda amodzimodzi komanso matenda am'mbuyomu, komanso milandu ya oncology pakati pa abale apamtima. M'tsogolomu, maphunziro azidziwitso amtundu wa mankhwala.

Tsoka ilo, chonyansa chimabisidwa ndi ziwalo zina ndipo sichikuwoneka bwino pa ultrasound, chifukwa chake mayeso amaphatikizapo:

• MRI ndi CT;
• magineti oyambitsa pancreatocholangiography;
• endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Zoyeseranso zofunika:

• maphunziro azachipatala a magazi ndi mkodzo;
• magazi zamankhwala;
• magazi pazoletsa khansa;
• pulogalamu
• kuwerengeka kwa kachidutswa ka gland ka histology.

Chithandizo ndi matenda am'mimba

Kapangidwe ka Benign sikuloleza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyembekezera chifukwa chowopsa kwambiri cha kusandulika kukhala zotupa za khansa. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chimangophatikizapo kuchitira opareshoni.

Kutengera ndi zovuta za vutoli, opaleshoni ya laparoscopy kapena yam'mimba imasankhidwa, pomwe mapangidwewo ndipo ngati pakufunika, gawo la chindacho limachotsedwa.

Ndi kuchotsedwa kwa panthawi yake komanso ngati kuwunika kwa histological sikunawonetse maselo owopsa, ndiye kuti matendawo amapitilira.

Ma neoplasms oyipa

Nthawi zambiri, chotupa chowopsa m'mutu chimayamba kuchokera ku ziwalo za epithelium za milomo ya tiziwitsi. Pamodzi ndi carcinoma ndi sarcoma, mitundu iyi ndi yodziwika kwambiri ya pancreatic oncology.

Ma neoplasms oopsa amakhalanso ndi gulu lawo:

• sarcoma - lymphosarcoma, carciosarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma;
• zilonda zoopsa za cystic - carcinomatous, sarcomatous;
• khansa - oncology ya zisumbu za Langengars, acinous adenocarcinoma, cylindrical, squamous.

Kutengera ndi kukula kwa kapangidwe ndi kufalikira kwa chotupacho, magawo angapo agawika:

1. Gawo l zero ndi chiyambi pomwe cha chotupa chowopsa, pomwe maselo ochepa okha amasintha. Pakadali pano, maphunziro amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito computer tomography kapena MRI. Mukazindikira pa oncology pakadali pano, kudalirika kwa machiritso athunthu ndi 99%.
2. Gawo loyamba lagawika m'magawo - munthawi imodzi (m'malo 1A) mapangidwewo ndi 2cm kukula kwake, inayo (m'malo 1B) chotupacho chimakula mpaka masentimita 5. M'chigawo choyamba, chotupacho sichisiya cholocha ndipo sichikula ndi metastases, chifukwa chake, imatha kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni .
3. Gawo lachiwiri - pakadali pano, chotupa chija chimamera pa ziwalo za bile ndi pafupi ndi malo (m'malo mwa 2A) kapena pamitsempha ya m'mimba (2B).
4. Gawo 3 - metastases imakhudza mitsempha yayikulu ndi mitsempha.
5. Gawo 4 - metastases kufalikira kwa ziwalo zakutali. Gawo lotsiriza, pamene opareshoni singathandizenso.

Zizindikiro ndi Kudziwitsa

Chotupa choyipa chimayamba kugundika, ndipo pokhapokha ziwalo zapafupi zikawonongeka, zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera:

• kusowa kwa chakudya ndi kusanza;
• kutulutsa ndi kutsegula m'mimba;
• ndowe zowala ndi mkodzo wakuda;
• kupweteka kwam'mimba.

Khansa ya pakhungu kapena mchira wa kapamba imawonjezera zinthu izi:

• kukulira ndulu;
• kupweteka kumamveka pansi pa nthiti yakumanzere;
• kuwonda kumawonedwa;
• ascites limayamba.

Ngati mutu wa gland wakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zake ndi motere:

• kupweteka pansi pa nthiti yakumanja;
• chikaso cha khungu ndi mucous nembanemba wamaso zimawonedwa;
• pali kumverera kwa kuyabwa;
• chopondacho chimakhala mafuta.

Dziwani vuto loipa kwambiri lomwe lingakuthandizeni:

• cholangiography;
• magonedwe amatsenga;
• compress tomography;
• biopsy
• Ultrasound
• magazi a bilirubin;
• ambiri matenda a magazi ndi mkodzo.

Mothandizidwa ndi biopsy, kuyesa kwa histological kumachitika ndipo mtundu wa khansa umatsimikizika.

Chithandizo ndi matenda am'mimba

Pa nthawi yomwe angathe kugwira ntchito, chotupacho chimachotsedwa.

Koma nthawi zambiri pamankhwala awa, matenda amapezeka kawirikawiri kwambiri, osaposa amodzi pa milandu 10, kenako ndi khansa ya mutu, popeza amadziwika msanga chifukwa cha khungu.

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, mapangidwewo amachotsedwa ndi gawo la minofu yathanzi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndi gawo la ziwalo zapafupi, ndipo chithandizo chimayikidwa kuti chithandizire kupewetsa zizindikiro komanso kupewa kubwereranso m'mbuyo.

Pa chemotherapy, poizoni amayamba kulowa m'thupi la wodwalayo, kuti aletse kukula kwa metastases ndikuwonongera maselo a khansa (Fluorouracil, Semustin). Mankhwala oterewa amatha kuchitika atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena pokonzekera.

Radiation chithandizo imachitika limodzi ndi chemotherapy. Thupi la wodwalayo limayatsidwa ndi ma radiation, chifukwa chomwe chotupa choopsa chimachepetsedwa kukula kwake ndipo ululu wammbuyo umachepa.

Komanso, odwala amalandira tizigawo ta ASD. Kulandila kumachitika ndi maphunziro. ASD imachepetsa ululu, imathandizira kukonzanso kwa maselo ndi metabolism, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira.

The pancreatic enzyme (Pancrease, Creon) imalembedwanso kwa odwala.

Zolemba kanema zokhudzana ndi khansa ya kapamba:

Gawo lofunika la chithandizo ndikutsatira zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya choyenera komanso ndondomeko yazakudya zochepa m'malo ochepa.

Pankhani yochotsa chotupa choyipa poyambira, udzu ndi wabwino.

Kukula kwakukulu panthawi yodziwitsidwa, kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira kwa mankhwala pa siteji yachiwiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kokwanira kuti apangidwe. Nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuchotsa zodyetsa zonse komanso ngakhale ziwalo zoyandikana, koma kuchuluka kwa obwererako kumakhalabe kokwanira ndipo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe amapulumuka mpaka zaka 5 atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Gawo lachitatu ndi lachinayi silikugwira ntchito, chifukwa ziwalo zambiri zimagwidwa ndi metastases ndipo opaleshoniyo singathandize, koma imangokulitsa zinthu. Zikatero, chithandizo chowongolera chimachitika kuti chithandizire wodwalayo. Kwenikweni, odwala omwe ali m'magawo omaliza amathandizidwa ndi narcotic painkillers. Nthawi zambiri, odwala oterewa sakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa miyezi 6-8 atapezeka a oncology.