Glucose ndimphamvu yachilengedwe kwa anthu, ikalowa m'magazi, imasamutsidwa kupita ku ziwalo ndi minofu, komwe imaphatikizidwa, ndikupanga zopatsa mphamvu.
Kuonjezera shuga kumeneku kumasungidwa m'chiwindi monga glycogen kapena kusungidwa m'mafuta amkati. Zomwe zili ndi shuga m'magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri zamankhwala amuzolengedwa.
Kuwunikira pambuyo pa chakudya - njira yodalirika yoyendetsera
Phunziroli limazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa shuga wamagazi.
Zambiri za glucose zimatengera magawo ambiri:
- zaka
- nthawi ya tsiku;
- kukhalapo kwa zolimbitsa thupi;
- Nthawi mukadya ndi ena.
Chifukwa chake, mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera, ndipo ndi kulimbitsa thupi kumatsika. Mwa munthu wokalamba, kagayidwe kake kamachepetsedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti shuga iyenera kutsikira.
Thupi limayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti chizindikirochi chikufanana, chifukwa pali njira ziwiri:
- Mafuta a shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito insulin.
- Kuwonongeka kwa glycogen ndi mafuta a glucose kulowa m'magazi.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitika mu chipatala chilichonse, kumapezeka mosavuta ndipo kungachitike mwa njira zitatu, pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents osiyanasiyana:
- shuga oxidase;
- Ferricyanide;
- ortotoluidine.
Mfundo zoyendetsera njirazi ndi zofanana: glucose amakumana ndi reagent, njira yothetsera khungu imapangidwa, kukula kwake komwe kumayang'aniridwa ndi chithunzi cha ma calorimeter. Mokulirapo, mamolekyu ambiri m'magazi. Zotsatira zimawonetsedwa mamililitale pa lita imodzi.
Njira yachikhalidwe yochitira kafukufukuyo imaganizira kuti wodwalayo amakhala ndi njala, ndiye kuti, sakudya m'ma 8-10. Komabe, pali njira yodziwira mukatha kudya, ndendende, maola awiri atatha kudya.
Mwa munthu wathanzi, njira zowongolera zimagwira ntchito mwachangu ndipo msambo wabwinobwino wa shuga umafikiridwa mkati mwa maola 2. Ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi, iyenera kufikira 7-8 mmol pa lita. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, mosalekeza, pitani kuchipatala.
Pakuwongolera shuga, madokotala amalangizidwa kutenga miyezo kangapo patsiku: kuyambira 3 mpaka 5.
Komanso, mulingo woyenera umawonedwa ngati:
- M'mawa musanadye, chizindikiro ndi 3.5-5,5 mmol pa lita.
- Asanadye nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo, pafupifupi 3.8-6.1 mmol pa lita.
- Pambuyo ola limodzi mutadya pafupifupi 8 mol pa lita.
- Maola awiri mutatha kudya - 5.5-6.5.
- Pogona, osaposa 4 mmol pa lita.
Ndi mulingo wanji wa shuga womwe umawerengedwa kuti ndi wosavomerezeka? Ngati chizindikirocho chipitilira 1.5-2 mmol pa lita imodzi kuchokera ku chizolowezi, izi zikuwonetsa kupatuka kwakukulu, komwe kumakhala ngati alarm. Nthawi yomweyo, otsika kwambiri amakhalanso chizindikiro chosasangalatsa, polankhula za matenda ena - hypoglycemia.
Kanema wochokera kwa Dr. Malysheva okhudza mayesero a matenda ashuga:
Kodi ngozi yamitengo yayitali ndi yotani?
Kupatuka nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku chizolowezi sikuzisonyezo zowopsa, kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zakudya kapena zina zakunja. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwezedwa pafupipafupi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonetsa kukula kwa matenda monga matenda a shuga.
Itha kuchitika chifukwa cha njirayi:
- kapamba amatulutsa insulin yaying'ono;
- ma cell receptor amataya glucose chiwopsezo chawo, chomwe sichingamwe ndi kukhalabe m'magazi.
Shuga wambiri nthawi zonse amabweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa zomwe zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo poyamba sizikuwoneka kwathunthu:
- ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi imasokonezeka, atherosulinosis yamatumbo, matenda a mtima, matenda oopsa ndipo ena amakula;
- mphamvu yamanjenje imavutika, yomwe imawonetsedwa mu kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira, luntha, kuganiza kwamisala;
- kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya impso kumabweretsa kukula kwa aimpso, nephropathy;
- kagayidwe kachakudya mu minofu imasokonekera, komwe kumayambitsa mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba, malekezero am'munsi amakhala osamala makamaka pankhaniyi;
- kusokonezeka kwa metabolic kumabweretsa kukula kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
- glucose amakhala ngati njira yabwino yopangira michere tizilombo, chifukwa chake mabala amachiza kwambiri, opaleshoni ndiyosatheka, ndipo kuvulala kulikonse kungayambitse gangore;
- kuphwanya Mitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa kuwonongeka;
- Kuponderezedwa kwa chikumbumtima ndikotheka.
Njira zonsezi zimasokoneza thupi pang'onopang'ono, pomwe ndizosatheka kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa mapangidwe a minofu amaphwanyidwa, ndipo machitidwe mu boma lino amatsutsana, chifukwa kuchiritsa pambuyo pawo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani shuga amatha kutsika atatha kudya?
Pali nthawi zina pamene, chakudya chikangotha, shuga amatsika kwambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimatha kukhala hypoglycemia komanso shuga yayikulu yamagazi.
Yoyamba imadziwika ndi kupanga kwambiri insulin ndipo imayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro monga:
- kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi;
- ngozi yamitsempha;
- kudzipereka kwa minofu.
Zowopsa kwa anthu ndi mulingo wa 2.2 mmol pa lita imodzi kwa akazi ndi 2.8 mmol pa lita imodzi kwa amuna. Ndi zizindikiro zotere, chikomokere ndichotheka. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga insulini mopambanitsa kumakhala chotupa mu kapamba.
Dokotala yemwe amatenga ma anamnesis, amafotokozera mayeso ndikupereka mayankho oyenera ayenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kwa shuga.
Ngati nthawi zambiri munthu ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kukambirana za kukhalapo kwa matenda - matenda a shuga kapena 1, mogwirizana ndi momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.
Chithunzi cha matenda ashuga
Chithunzi cha chipatala cha odwala matenda a shuga chimawonekera mu:
- ludzu losalekeza;
- kusanza ndi kusanza
- kumva kudwala, kufoka, kugona;
- paresthesia ndi dzanzi miyendo;
- mawonekedwe a fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa;
- masomphenya osalala, mawonekedwe a "nebula" chithunzi;
- khungu louma ndi kuyabwa kosalekeza, komwe mabala ndi mafinya amawoneka;
- kutsitsa tsitsi, kuchepa tsitsi komanso kusakula bwino;
- Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi.
Ngati zizindikirozi zimapezeka mwa ana, ndikofunikira kukambirana za matenda amtundu wa 1, pomwe kapamba amapanga insulin yokwanira.
Zimayenda mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimatsogolera pakusintha kwachilengedwe mu minofu, ngakhale kupha. Chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda nthawi ndi kuyamba kulandira chithandizo.
Mkulu wamkulu, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndi moyo wopanda thanzi. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumakhudzidwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya, kupanikizika kosalekeza, kunenepa kwambiri, kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Nthawi zambiri wodwala samalabadira zomwe zikuwonetsa, kufunafuna chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ake ena. Pangozi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, lomwe banja lawo mumakhala odwala matenda ashuga.
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Iyo, pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zina, imapereka chidziwitso cholondola.
Momwe mungasinthire zizindikiro?
Pozindikira matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo kuyamba kulandira chithandizo, kuphatikizapo kutsatira zakudya. Ngati matenda sanapezekebe, koma magazi a m'magazi amakwera pafupipafupi, matendawa amatchedwa prediabetesic, ngati sanachiritsidwe, amasintha kukhala matenda okhala ndi zotsatirapo zina.
Njira zomwe zingabwezeretse kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi zabwinobwino ndi:
- kudya;
- kuwonda;
- masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse;
- kumwa mankhwala.
Zakudya ndiye chida chachikulu chothandizira kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga, chimaphatikizaponso mfundo zingapo:
- chakudya chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic: masamba, zipatso, imvi, amadyera;
- kudya mapuloteni okhazikika: nyama yokonda, nsomba, mazira, mkaka;
- chakudya chikuyenera kukhala chopindika: 5-6 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, zokhwasula-khwasula "zolondola";
- kumwa zamadzi zambiri: madzi oyera, mankhwala ophatikizira zitsamba ndi zipatso, zipatso zosafunikira popanda shuga;
- zopangidwa ndi ufa ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndipo ziyenera kukhala tirigu wathunthu kapena mkate wa rye;
- kupatula pa chakudya: zotsekemera, ufa wa ufa, mpunga woyera, masoseji, mafuta ochepa a nyama, mowa ndi chakudya chofulumira.
Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kumathandizira kuchepetsa thupi, kuwononga glucose owonjezera m'magazi komanso kutulutsa minofu. Poterepa, zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimayenda bwino, ndipo zomwe zimapezeka mumwazi zimachepa.
Akapezeka, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga ndikuwamwa. Kulandilidwa kwawo ndikofunikira, ndipo pamoyo wonse, chifukwa matenda ashuga ndi osachiritsika. Wodwalayo atha kukhala naye zaka zambiri ndikumva bwino. Koma njirayi ndiyotheka kutengera malingaliro onse a dokotala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosalekeza.
Nkhani ya kanema pamankhwala ochepetsa shuga:
Mukakana chithandizo, thupi la munthu limakumana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Pang'onopang'ono, matenda akewo akuipiraipira ndikupangitsa kuti afe.
Thanzi la wodwala, choyamba, ntchito yake. Tiyenera kuphunzira kusamalira thupi lathu kuyambira tili ana, ndiye kuti pauchikulire sipadzakhala zovuta zina ndipo moyo wabwino uzikhala wabwinoko.
