Glucose ndi monosaccharide, womwe umagwira nawo gawo limodzi muzinthu zonse zamphamvu mthupi la munthu. Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuwonetsa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ma pathologies osiyanasiyana kuchokera kumbali ya ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndi metabolism, imatengedwa ngati matenda. M'magawo oyamba, hypo- ndi hyperglycemia mwina sikhala ndi mawonetsedwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumathandizira kuzindikira momwe aliri. Chifukwa chake kuunika koteroko kukufunika, momwe mungakonzekerere bwino popereka zinthuzo komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Zizindikiro zakuzindikira
Dokotala adzalembera mayeso a shuga ngati wodwalayo ali ndi madandaulo otsatirawa:
- kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe;
- Kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi kutopa kosalekeza;
- ludzu la m'magazi;
- mucosa wowuma mkamwa;
- kuchepa thupi kwambiri;
- zowonongeka zazitali, mabala, zipsera;
- kuyabwa ndi kuuma kwa khungu;
- kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wothira.
Zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga - matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popewa matenda ashuga
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumawonetsedwa chaka chilichonse kwa amayi, abambo ndi ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo:
- kukhalapo kwa achibale omwe akudwala "matenda okoma";
- odwala onenepa;
- amayi omwe adabereka ana oposa 4-4,5 kg m'mbiri;
- odwala omwe amakonda kumwa glucocorticosteroids;
- kukhala ndi zotupa;
- odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osagwirizana;
- odwala omwe ali ndi mavuto a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi adawonekera adakali aang'ono (mwa akazi - mpaka zaka 40, mwa amuna - mpaka zaka 50).
Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa shuga - mitundu
Magazi ndiye zinthu zachilengedwe zathupi, zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi a m'magazi komanso zinthu zina. Kusintha kulikonse kumawonetsedwa pazowerengera zake komanso mawonekedwe ake oyenera. Malinga ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi, ndikotheka kufotokoza bwino za kupezeka kwa njira yotupa ndi matupi awo, mkhalidwe wa chitetezo chokwanira, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa electrolyte, ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma enzyme.
Mwazi wamagazi ukhoza kutsimikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zoyeserera. Dokotala amatha kukupatsani mayeso amodzi kapena angapo nthawi imodzi.
Njira yantchito
Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu ndiye maziko azidziwitso zonse zasayansi. Njirayi sazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma pamaziko a zotsatira, dotolo amawunika hemoglobin, dongosolo la kuphatikizika, komanso momwe zinthu zimapangidwira.
Ndikofunikira kuti mupereke magazi a capillary. Kukonzekera kumakhala kukana chakudya cham'mawa. Madzi okha ndi omwe amatha kuthiridwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, zidziwitso zitha kukhala zokonzekera mu mphindi 10-15. Zizindikiro za abambo, amayi ndi ana (pofika zaka) zikuwonetsedwa pansipa.
Zizindikiro za kuyezetsa magazi kwa munthu wathanzi
Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi
Matendawa amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magazi a capillary kapena venous a wodwala. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa zofunikira za shuga m'magazi ndi chala 10% kuposa magazi ochokera mu mtsempha. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za akulu ndi ana zimasiyananso.
Kukonzekera kuli motere:
- cheke chimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu;
- amaloledwa kumwa madzi okha kwa maola 8-10 musanatenge zinthuzo;
- osamata chingamu m'mawa;
- ndizoletsedwa kutsuka mano anu pogwiritsa ntchito mano: (akhoza kukhala ndi shuga mkati mwake);
- Masiku atatu kukana kumwa mowa;
- lekani kumwa mankhwala aliwonse patsiku, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, auzeni a mankhwalawo mankhwalawo omwe amwedwa.
Zizindikiro za nthawi ndi matenda zimasonyezedwa patebulopo.
Zotsatira za kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi osiyanasiyana
Mukamatenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ofanana ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, mfundo za cholesterol zimayesedwanso. Chiyanjano cha zinthu ziwiri izi zatsimikiziridwa kale. Hyperglycemia imathandizira pakupanga cholesterol, triglycerides ndi lipids, zomwe zimayikidwa pazitseko zamitsempha, ndikupangitsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic plaques. Ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa lumen kwa ziwiya ndi kuphwanya minofu ya trophic.
Yesani mayeso
Njira imeneyi, yotchedwa kuyerekezera kwa glucose, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zamphamvu zam'maselo am'magazi kuti glucose (ofunikira azindikire mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa mwa amayi apakati). Amakulolani kuti mudziwe kupezeka kwa shuga wodwala m'magazi.
Kuti mukonzekere bwino kusonkhanitsa zinthu, ndikofunikira masiku atatu musanawunikenso kuti musadzipetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mwalandira. Ngati ndi kotheka, siyani kumwa mankhwalawo (mutatha kukambirana ndi dokotala). Pereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, madzi akumwa okha ndi omwe amaloledwa.
Mu labotale, nkhaniyi imalongosola mfundo izi:
- kukhalapo kwa zodwala zotupa kapena matenda opatsirana;
- zolimbitsa thupi za tsiku lomaliza;
- mankhwala omwe amamwa.
Kuwunika kwa kulolera kumachitika mu njira zotsatirazi:
- Tengani magazi kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha.
- Glucose ufa umaphatikizidwa mu 300 ml ya madzi ofunda kapena tiyi. Kuchuluka kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi 75 g, mwana ndi 1.75 g pa 1 kg yolemera. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakhala yoledzera.
- Malinga ndi malangizo a dotolo, kuyezetsa magazi (zotsatira zofanana ndi nthawi yoyamba) kungachitike pambuyo pa mphindi 30, 60, 90, muyezo - pambuyo pa mphindi 120.
Glucose ufa - mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira
Glycated Hemoglobin
Kusanthula kumakupatsani mwayi wotsimikizira kapena kukana kukhalapo kwa pathological hyperglycemia wodwala. Mafuta a glycated ali ndi zidziwitso zopindulitsa kuposa njira zina zonse zodziwira shuga m'magazi. Mapindu ake ndi awa:
- kusanthula kumachitika musanadye komanso pambuyo chakudya;
- kulondola kwa zizindikiro kumalola kudziwa magawo oyambirira a "matenda okoma";
- kutsimikiza kwa kukonzanso kwa boma;
- Simungakane kumwa mankhwala.
Zoyipa:
Kuzindikira matenda a shuga kwa ana- kusanthula kukugwirizana ndi njira zamagulu amtengo wokwera;
- motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda amwazi kapena kumwa mavitamini ambiri, zotsatira zake zitha kupotozedwa;
- osati kuchitidwa mu ma labotore onse;
- kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumabweretsa zotsatira zapamwamba, koma milingo yeniyeni ya glucose imakhala m'malire ovomerezeka.
Mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated (dzina loti HbA1C) ndi chimodzimodzi kwa mibadwo yonse, alibe jenda. Kufikira 5.7%, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi chocheperako, mpaka 6% - chiopsezo chambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala amalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala, mpaka 6.4% - chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a m'matumbo, apamwamba kuposa 6.5% - kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga ndikukaikira.
Fotokozani za diagnostics
Njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zanyumba ndi zasayansi. Kusanthula kwamphamvu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe amayika timiyeso. Dontho la magazi a nkhaniyi limayikidwa pa iwo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonetsedwa pazenera. Nthawi yodziwitsa zimatengera mtundu wa mita yosankhidwa.
Etiology ya zopatuka
"Matenda Otheka" sindicho chifukwa chokhacho glucose omwe amakhala apamwamba kuposa zofunikira. Hyperglycemia imatsatirazi:
- kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri;
- zokumana nazo;
- matenda a endocrine glands;
- kudya zakudya musanayambe kudya;
- zotsatira za poizoni;
- kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mahomoni a chithokomiro, diuretics, mahomoni ogonana ndi mahomoni a adrenal, mankhwala oletsa kutupa).
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso osagwirizana - provocateur of hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia imawonedwa motere:
- poyizoni ndi ethyl mowa ndi zotumphukira zake;
- matenda a chiwindi, m'mimba thirakiti;
- matenda a anorexia;
- kunenepa
- chotupa cham'mimba;
- poizoni wa arsenic;
- bongo wa insulin kukonzekera.
Mtengo wa kusanthula
Odwala ali ndi chidwi ndi funso la kuchuluka kwa mayeso. Mtengo woyesera wa mayesowo, womwe umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi labotale ndi mzinda:
- Kusanthula kokwanira - ma ruble 200-300.
- Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa shuga - ma ruble 150-250.
- Mayeso a kulolerana ndi glucose - mpaka ma ruble 1880.
- Glycated hemoglobin - ma ruble 400-1000.
Zotsatira zimangotanthauziridwa ndi dokotala wopezekapo. Kutengera pa iwo, njira zina zowongolera odwala zimatsimikiziridwa.
