M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala pali ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa pamlingo wa atherosulinosis pagulu. World Institute of Therapy yakhala ikuufufuza kwazaka zambiri, ndipo mu 2015 idapereka chidziwitso chotsatira: atherosulinosis ndiyo imapangitsa imfa mu 83% ya milandu ya amuna ndi akazi onse.
Kafukufuku wodziwidwa ndi autopsy adawonetsa kuti matendawa amakula moyo wake wonse, ndikuwonekera ali mwana - wodwala wotsiriza kwambiri wa atherosulinosis anali khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mwachilengedwe, pakati pa anthu opitilira makumi asanu, kusintha kwamankhwala kumapezeka mu 25% ya milandu, kuyambira zaka 50 mpaka 60 - mu 40%, ndipo pazaka 70 amapanga pafupifupi 90%. Ndikofunika kunena kuti kawirikawiri zimawonekera mwa abambo.
Mukamaganizira za magawidwe am'madera, kutha kwa matendawa kumadziwika. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha zotupa zam'mimba ndizomwe zimawonedwa ku United States of America, Canada ndi Australia, ndipo yaying'ono kwambiri kumbali ina yamapu ndi Japan.
Izi ndichifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha zakudya. Ku America, amakonda zakudya zam'kalori zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso kudya mwachangu. Ku Japan, m'malo mwake, chofunikira kwambiri ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chimachokera kumadzi. Izi ndi nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zam'nyanja zosiyanasiyana.
Komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo imawonedwa m'maiko aku Africa, chifukwa cha zipatso zambiri ndi nyama zoperewera.
Atherosclerosis pakati pa ziwiya zathupi imakhudza mitsempha, koma osati m'mitsempha. Izi ndichifukwa chamapangidwe azombo.
Amadziwika kuti khungu lililonse m'thupi limayenera kulandira zakudya zabwino mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwira komanso mpweya wabwino. Momwemonso, ziwiya zimayenera kudyetsedwanso, chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi zotengera zamagazi.
Ndiwofanana ndi ma capillaries - ali ndi khoma loonda komanso laling'ono, ndipo salinso lambiri kuposa tsitsi la munthu.
Dzenje lawo limatseka nthawi ya systole, ndiye kuti, pakukhudzidwa mtima, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera kukakamiza, ndipo zimatseguka m'mitsempha, mtima ukadzakhazikika.
Ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe zombo zazikulu zimalandira chakudya chawo.
Ngati kupanikizika m'mitengo yayikulu ya mtima kumakulirakulira nthawi zonse, michere yama michereyi imawonongeka, mpweya wa maselo a khoma lamitsempha yamagazi umachitika, zomwe zimabweretsa zosokoneza.
Popeza kupsinjika m'mitsempha kumakhala kosasunthika nthawi zonse ndipo sikukula, palibe kuwonongeka kwa mtima, mosiyana ndi arterial intima. Izi zimadziwika makamaka kwa osuta komanso anthu omwe akutsogolera njira zoyipa.
Malingaliro a Atherosulinosis
Atherosulinosis ndi matenda amitsempha yama mtima, omwe amatsogolera pakuchepa kwa lumen ya mitsempha, kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kukula kwa zovuta zambiri.
Mavuto osaneneka ndi infalction ya myocardial, stroko, ndi gangrene ya m'munsi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndizambiri, asayansi amafika poti matendawa ndi a polyetiological.
Monga zikuwonekera pakuphatikizidwa kwa malingaliro awo:
- Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka zotumphukira za mitsempha - pamaso pa zinthu zowonongeka, ma microcracks ndi microtraumas amawonekera pakhoma la chotengera. Chifukwa cha izi, kukulira kwa zotupa ndikuthamangira kumalo a chilema, ndikutsuka kwa lipids, kuti muwononge zowonongeka.
- Chiphunzitso cha lipid kulowa mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha - kuchuluka kwa milomo yochepa kwambiri ya chotengera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa thupi; chiphunzitso chautali - chokhazikika pa izi, zikutsatira kuti kuwonongeka kwa khoma lamitsempha kumayambitsa chiwopsezo cha tizilombo.
- Ma genetic - kupezeka kwa ma CD a genen yapadera yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.
Palinso chiphunzitso cha peroxide - chimamaliza kuti palibe kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa ma antioxidants m'thupi, omwe amalimbikitsa njira za peroxide oxidation ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi poizoni.
Zinthu zomwe zimathandizira pakukula kwa matendawa
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuthandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis mthupi la munthu.
Zowopsa zonsezi zimafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi adotolo omwe amapita pamisala yapadera.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezedwa, njira zowerengera anthu amawerengera, komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimayenera kwa wodwala aliyense.
Zowopsa zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa, ndipo ndikochuluka kwawo, ndizochulukirapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Kusuta fodya ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri. Monga nyama yogwira thupi, imakhudza ziwiya za micherezo, ndikuchepetsa lumen yake kapena kuwononga membrane wa cell, potero imalowetsa khoma lakunja la mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, ma resins amadziunjikira mu intima, ndikupangitsa kutupa kosatha.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yamagazi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kokwanira kuyenera kukhala 5 mmol / L, ndipo mwa anthu okulirapo osaposa 50 - osaposa 4.5 mmol / L. ikakwera pamwamba pa malire ovomerezeka, imayamba kulowa m'madzi ziwiya, ndikuyamba njira yofupikitsa mtsempha wamafunde.
- Matenda oopsa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 70% ya odwala omwe ali ndi atherosulinosis akuwonjezereka kwa 160/110, omwe amafanana ndi digiri yachiwiri ya matenda oopsa.
- Matenda a shuga. Glucose amakhudza ziwiya mozunzika, monga chikonga, amawononga cell nembanemba ndikuyambitsa kutupa.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo zimaphatikizapo kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi moyo wongokhala, womwe, monga lamulo, umagwirira ntchito limodzi.
Munthu wosaphunzitsidwa amakhala ndi zotengera zofooka, zomwe zimadziwika mosavuta kunja.
Ndipo ngati pali mafuta ambiri ndi chakudya chamagulu m'matumbo, izi zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa atherosclerosis.
Zotengera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi atherosulinosis
Kuchokera kwa adotolo, odwala amamva kuwunika kwawo ndipo amadabwa, osadziwa za atherosclerosis ya msempha wamtima ndi chomwe ali, zomwe zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matendawa ndi.
Nkhaniyi ndiyofunika kuyithetsa, chifukwa imatha kukhala yofunika.
Atherosclerosis nthawi zambiri imakhudza chotengera chachikulu kwambiri cha thupi la munthu - msempha.
Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuzungulira magazi kuzungulira, kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi lamanzere lamanzere.
Ili ndi madipatimenti angapo m'mitundu yake:
- yoyamba ndi gawo lakukwera, lomwe limalumikiza mbali yamanzere yamtima, limayamba ndi kukulira kotchedwa babu, gawo ili limakwera ndikukwera pang'ono kumanzere, likudutsa pamlingo wolumikizana nthiti yachiwiri ndi cartilage gawo lotsatira;
- khwalala la aortic limasunthira kumanzere ndi kumbuyo, zonyamula ma tracheal ndi bronchial zimachokera kwa iwo, zimawerengedwa ngati gawo lochepetsetsa la aorta, pamlingo wa vertebra wachinayi womwe umadutsa gawo lotsika;
- gawo lotsikira la aorta limafikira ku lumbar vertebra yachinayi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lalikulu kwambiri la aorta, imaphatikizaponso ziwalo za thoracic ndi zam'mimba, zotsalazo zimagawidwa m'magulu oyang'anira - ma yeac mitsempha, malo ophatikizika ndi mawonekedwe.
Iliyonse mwa zigawo za aorta ili ndi mawonekedwe a anatomical kapangidwe, chifukwa cha ntchito zomwe zimachitika.
Zizindikiro za Aortic Atherosulinosis
Zizindikiro zimadalira kwathunthu komwe kuli lesion, yomwe ingakhale m'madipatimenti aliwonse.
Komanso, matendawa nthawi zambiri amadzionetsa ngati matenda ena, omwe amachititsa kuti azindikire zovuta.
Mwachitsanzo, atherosulinosis ya thoracic aorta, ululu wofanana ndi kuukira kwa angina pectoris umawonedwa.
Zizindikiro zake zikuluzikulu ndikuphwanya kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum, yomwe nthawi zina imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kofowoka kwambiri komanso kosawoneka bwino. Zowawa zamkati mwa scapula, phewa, khosi, pamimba pamimba. Kusiyana kokhako kutalika.
Ndi atherosclerosis, ululu umapitilira, umatha kuchitika kwa maola angapo kapena masiku, pamene zizindikiro sizimapuma chifukwa chotenga nitroglycerin. Ngati msempha wokulirapo uwonetsa kukakamiza kwa kum'mero, pamenepo pakhoza kukhala zovuta kudutsa gawo lazakudya ndi kumverera kwa mphete pamsewu.
Komabe, chisonyezo chodziwika kwambiri ndikuwonjezereka kwachilendo kwa kupsinjika. Panthawi yomwe systolic yowonjezeka kwambiri kufika pa 160-180, diastol siimakwera kuposa mamilimita 80-90 a mercury.
Izi zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga chizungulire chopepuka cholimbitsa thupi, ma alopecia oyambilira, kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe ka khungu ndi turgor chifukwa cha fibrosis.
Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa magazi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kumtunda. Zizindikiro zomwezo zimawonedwa ndi coronary sclerosis.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zipoproteins zotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwala kuzilumba zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zitha kuziona.
Ngati njira ya pathological ikuwonekera m'mimba msempha, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zizindikirozo zimadzisintha ngati matenda am'mimba. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuphwanya chida chogaya - kugaya mseru komanso kusanza, komwe sikubweretsa mpumulo, kufinya, kupweteka m'zigawo za epigastric, mosasamala kanthu za kudya, kugona mwachangu komanso chizolowezi chodzimbidwa, pomwe palibe kuphwanya kwa fibrogastroduodenoscopy.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa madera obiriwira amadziwika ndi kutsika kwa magazi kumadera akumunsi - amakhala ozizira, otupa komanso red. Kumva dzanzi komanso kumva kuwawa kumapazi ndi khalidwe.
Itha kuonedwa ndi kusowa kwa chikoka mu mitsempha ya kumapazi ndi popliteal fossa. Kulumikizana kwamkati ndikuwonekera, komwe kumadziwika ndi kusintha kwa zowawa m'miyendo kuchokera posawoneka bwino mpaka kusapirira.
Momwe ntchito ikuyendera, mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mapazi pamapazi ndi miyendo, chifukwa cha njala, amawonedwa. Pambuyo pake, zilonda zam'mimba izi zimatha kulowa mu gangore kapena sepsis, zomwe nthawi zambiri popanda chithandizo cholondola zimabweretsa imfa.
Mavuto ndi kuzindikira kwa atherosulinosis
Chifukwa chophimba bwino kwamatendawa kwa ma pathologies ena, aortic atherosclerosis nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda chidziwitso ndipo imapezeka pokhapokha magawo omaliza a matendawa, pomwe lumen ya chotengera yatsekedwa kale ndi oposa 60%.
Kuunika kwa X-ray kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe matenda. Koma sizothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha zithunzi zosasinthika komanso zolakwitsa pafupipafupi chifukwa cha izi.
Kulingaliridwa bwino ndi angiography mosiyana. Muli pobweretsa lingaliro losiyanitsa mu mtsempha wamagetsi ndi kupanga ma x-ray motsatira kayendedwe kake m'magazi ndi mawonekedwe a zotupa.
Mwa njira zosagonjetsera, Dopplerography imagwira molimba mtima. Iyi ndi njira yowerengera momwe magazi amayendera pakamayendedwe ka magazi m'thupi, momwemo mutha kuwona bwino zizindikiro za atherosclerosis.
Amakhala okwera mtengo, osawawa komanso osavulaza thupi.
Zotsatira zazikulu za atherosulinosis ndi:
- Aortic aneurysm ndikutukuka kwa gawo limodzi mwa khoma la mtima, lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kufupika kwaubwenzi. Patanatomically, imawoneka ngati kapangidwe kake ngati thumba pachiwiya chachikulu. Ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, imafinya ziwalo zozungulira ndi ziwalo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuphwanya ntchito zawo. Ma Aneurysms ndi ovuta chifukwa chakuphulika kwawo, komwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi atuluke kwambiri pachifuwa kapena pamimba ndikukula kwa kuwonongeka.
- Kuwonongeka kwa magazi pang'onopang'ono - kumachitika pamene msempha wa msempha umatsekedwa. Amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa sitiroko ndi kuphwanya ntchito zofunika kwambiri zam'thupi, monga kugunda kwa mtima, kupumira komanso kumeza.
- Ndi kupatukana kwa ma atherosulinotic masamba ndi kulowa kwawo kwa mesenteric artery, embolism yamphamvu imayamba ndi kukula kwa matumbo. Ndi necrosis khoma lake, zomwe zili m'matumbo zimalowa m'mimba ndipo peritonitis imayamba - vuto lowopsa lomwe limafunikira chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri ndizobowola kwa mitsempha yam'munsi yam'munsi, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa kugunda kwamitsempha ya akazi ndipo imakhala ikuwoneka ndi kukula kwa gangrene.
Chithandizo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Pali njira zamankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira aortic atherosulinosis.
Amasankhidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, kutengera gawo la nthendayi, kuchuluka kwake, zoopsa ndi kulumala.
Njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo, choyamba, kusintha kwa moyo.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi - kuyenda mu mpweya watsopano, kuthamanga, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, njira yaumoyo, kusambira ndi yoga. Maphunzirowa safuna maphunziro akuthupi, osavuta komanso opezeka kwa aliyense kunyumba.
- Zakudya - tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta, ufa ndi maswiti, ndikuzisintha ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, CHIKWANGWANI, chimanga, nyama yopanda mafuta komanso nsomba. Potere, sizingangopindulitsa zabwino zonyamula ziwonetserozo, komanso kuchepa kwa kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis ndi calcification.
- Kusiya kusuta fodya komanso mowa. Popanda matenda okhudzana ndi zinthu zovulaza m'thupi la munthu, makamaka pamatumbo, cholowerera champhamvu sichingayambike, chomwe chingachepetse kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo.
Mwa kusintha moyo wanu, mutha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa matendawa ndikuchotsa zoopsa za zovuta.
Malangizo ochokera kwa madokotala pa matenda a atherosulinosis
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kudzipereka nokha ndi zitsamba sizoyenera, muyenera kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi zonse.
Ngati chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sizinathandize, kapena kudziwika kwa atherosclerosis kwachitika kumapeto kwa magawo, kukonza kwa opaleshoni kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuphatikizira zovuta zamankhwala osiyanasiyana - izi zimachepetsa cholesterol, ndi antihypertensive, ndikuchepetsa shuga.
Mankhwala onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsira mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito m'njira zovuta, zomwe zimathandizira kuchitirana:
- Hypolipidemic mankhwala. Izi zikuphatikiza ma statin - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors. Kuchita kwawo ndikuphwanya cholesterol synthesis unyolo, chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake. Gululi limaphatikizapo simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin ndi rosuvastatin. Kuphatikiza pa mapiritsi awa, palinso gulu la ma fiber omwe amachepetsa mwachangu osati LDL, komanso triglycerides.
- Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Amasankhidwa payekha kuchokera ku mitundu yonse yamankhwala. Momwemo, matenda ophatikizika, monga matenda a impso ya chiwindi ndi mapapu, amathandizidwa;
- Mankhwala a antidiabetesic amaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala kochepa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yazitsamba kuchokera ku mankhwala azikhalidwe. Uku ndi msuzi wa buluu, nyemba zochotsa, masamba a walnut, komanso masamba a dandelion kapena St. John wa wort.Zotsatira zake zimachitika chifukwa chodzala thupi ndi zinthu zofunikira, kuphatikiza mavitamini, komanso kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe a glucose m'matumbo aang'ono, potero amachepetsa kugundika kwake mthupi.
Ntchito pa mitsempha yomwe yakhudzidwa imatha kutsegulidwa kapena kutseka. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka, kuchuluka kwa maopareshoni ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.
Endovascular (yotsekedwa) imakhala ndikulowera kwa probe kukhala lumen kwa artery komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa probe ndi baluni pamalo a chotupa. Ballo amatsegula, mtsempha ukukulira, ndipo magazi amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Njirayi imalandira ndemanga zambiri zabwino.
Pafupipafupi, ntchito zotseguka zimachitika momwe opaleshoni ya khoma amachitidwira. Izi zitha kuwopseza kupatuka kwa ma atherosselotic zolembera ndi kukula kwa embolism, komwe kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino.
Zambiri pa aortic atherosulinosis zikufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
