Pancreatic khansa siteji 4

Khansa ya pancreatic ndi vuto loipa la glandular epithelium kapena ma pancreatic ducts. Matendawa amakula m'magawo angapo, ndipo omaliza ndi achinayi. Poyambirira, zizindikilo sizipezeka kapena zofatsa. Zizindikiro zolakwika za oncology zimangokhala ndi chotupa chachikulu, chomwe chimayamba kukakamiza ziwalo zapafupi komanso mathero amitsempha.

7% yokha mwa odwala ndi omwe amapezeka ndi khansa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chake, chomwe chimafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a malo a kapamba, omwe amakhala mkati mwam'mimba ndipo ozunguliridwa ndi ziwalo zina zam'mimba - m'mimba, duodenum, ndulu ndi adrenal gland.

Ma pancreatic malignancies amadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu komanso metastasis oyambirira. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa matendawa mpaka 4, malo ofiira, miyezi ingapo ingadutse, pomwe maselo ankhanza amapatsira ziwalo ndi machitidwe oyandikana nawo.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha khansa, asayansi amati kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka DNA, komwe thupi silingathe kuthana nako. Chotupa chimapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo athanzi kwathunthu omwe amakhala osagwirizana ndikuyamba kugawanika kwambiri. Ndi zotsatira za zotupa zomwe zimapangitsa odwala kufa.

Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chimawonedwa ndikusowa kwa zakudya, pomwe mafuta a nyama ndi mapuloteni amapezeka kwambiri m'zakudya. Kusuta fodya kumathandizanso, chifukwa ma carcinogens ochokera ku utsi wa ndudu amalowa ziwalo kudzera m'magazi ndi ndulu.

Gawo lachinayi la khansa ya pancreatic imadziwika ndi kufalikira thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo ubongo

Ultraviolet kapena ionizing radiation, kugwira ntchito yopanga zoopsa kumatha kuyambitsa matenda. Oopsa kwambiri ndi migodi, matabwa, asbesto, mphira, nsapato ndi mabizinesi oyambira.

Okhala m'mizinda alinso m'dera lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka madera omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mafakitale ndi mafakitole. Chiwopsezo cha khansa ya pancreatic imachuluka ndi ukalamba, omenyedwawo amakhala anthu opitilira zaka 70.

Zizindikiro

Khansa 4 yamatumbo a khansa yodziwika ndi kusintha kwa patofunctional, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa hypoxia ya ziwalo zonse ndi kuledzera ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizisokonekera. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikufalikira kwa ntchito zamkati zamanjenje ndi ubongo.

Zotsatira zake, gawo limodzi la maselo a khansa limafa, ndipo zopangidwa ndi necrotization zimalowa m'magazi. Dongosolo lodziwikiratu silitha kuthana ndi kuthetsedwa kwa poizoni, ndipo kulephera kwa impso kumachitika. Kuchulukitsa kwa kuledzera kumabweretsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito yamanjenje ndi mtima. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, magazi amachepa. Pakadali pano, mwayi wokufa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ziwalo zofunika kapena chiphe cha magazi.

Mpweya womwe umayipitsa kwambiri mabizinesi opangira nkhuni ndi fumbi la nkhuni, lomwe limapangitsa anthu kudwala

Zizindikiro za khansa kuledzera zimawonedwa, monga lamulo, ndi zikopa zazikulu zoyipa. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amakhudzidwa ndi:

• kufooka, ulesi ndi kuchepa kwakatundu kolimbitsa thupi;
• kuchepa thupi kwambiri komanso kutentha thupi pang'onopang'ono;
• tsankho ku chakudya chamagulu;
• kusenda / chikaso pakhungu, lamtambo pansi pa maso;
• thukuta lausiku;
• kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi;
• kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha kudya - Kukulakalaka zakudya zachilendo kapena kukana zakudya wamba;
• khungu lowuma
• kugaya chakudya.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire, kusakwiya komanso kugona. Popeza poizoni amatanthauza kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi, odwala nthawi zambiri amatha kugwira ozizira ndikuchira nthawi yayitali. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, matenda a ma virus amakhala ovuta chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti, mukalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy, zizindikiro za kuledzera zimayamba kukula, chifukwa maselo a khansa amafa mofulumira komanso kulowa m'magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala omwe amawonongera zowononga, kuphatikizanso minofu yathanzi.

Chizindikiro chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mutu, thupi kapena mchira wa kapamba ndizodzikundikira kwamadzimadzi aulere pamimba yam'mimba, voliyumu yake imatha kufikira malita 25. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwindi, ndulu ndi zigawo za ma lymph zimachulukana kukula.

Fentanyl ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a narcotic, okhawo omwe amalembedwa pokhapokha ngati anzawo ena sangathe

Zizindikiro

Kutengera pakuyang'ana ndi kufunsa wodwalayo, adotolo amapanga matenda oyambira, kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi maphunziro ati a labotale ndi othandizira omwe adayikidwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muyeze magazi am'magazi anu, magazi a chotupa ndi kuyesa kwamikodzo mwamkodzo.

Ndi njira zoyipa m'magazi, ESR, alkaline phosphatase, AcAT, AlAT, kuchuluka kwa bilirubin. Mwa odwala ena, kuchuluka kwa michere yamagayidwe am'mimba ndikotheka - amylase, lipase, elastase, ribonuclease, trypsin, komanso mapuloteni a C-reactive. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa michere, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi albumin kumachepetsedwa.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusintha kwa kusanthula kumawonedwa pokhapokha ndikugonjetsedwa kwa dongosolo la genitourinary ndi metastases. Kupanda kutero, zisonyezo za zotupa zimayikira umboni machitidwe a zoyipa. Chidziwitso kwambiri mwa iwo ndi chikhomo CA-19-9 - ngati mtengo wake umaposa 100, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi chotupa ndi zana limodzi. Ndi CA-19-9 = 1000, neoplasm imafika masentimita 5 kapena kupitirira.

Cholinga cha chemotherapy ndikuchepetsa kapena kusiya kukula kwa chotupa ndikuchepetsa dera lomwe lakhudzidwa

Mu theka la odwala, antigen wa carcinoembryonic, komanso chikhomo cha CA-125 chotupa, amapezeka pakuwunika. Testosterone ndi dehydrotestosterone ingathandize kuzindikira khansa ya kapamba mwa amuna. Kuwerengera kwamahomoni awa mwa munthu wathanzi ndiwoposa 5, ndi mtengo wotsika, mwayi wa khansa uli pafupifupi 70%.

Chimodzi mwamafukufuku olondola kwambiri ndi mtundu wa tomography. Ndi chithandizo chake, kutulutsa kwawoko ndi kukula kwa chotupacho, kulowetsedwa kwazinthu za ziwalo zoyandikana ndi ziwalo za m'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi m'matumbo momwemonso ndi kupitilira.

Kuti mupeze chithunzi chatsatanetsatane, sing'anga yofananira imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe wodwalayo amamwa asanapure. Kutengera ndi zithunzi zomwe zalandiridwa, chithandizo china chimayikidwa.

Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi ultrasound, chifukwa imatha kuchitika pafupi ndi chipatala chilichonse. Zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa ma contours ndi kukula kwa limba, zotupa za metastatic zokhudzana ndi chakudya cham'mimba. Komabe, pafupifupi odwala 3 mwa 10, ultrasound sazindikira kapamba. Cholinga cha izi chikhoza kukhala cholemetsa, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamadzi mu peritoneum, kapena mawonekedwe amalo a chiwalo. Njira ina yokhala ndi ultrasound pankhaniyi ndi kulinganiza kapena maginito amatsenga.

Kuti muwone kufalikira kwa chotupa pa mafupa ndi mapapu, radiology imayikidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, biopsy imagwiridwa - kusungidwa kwa kachidutswa ka chotupa kuti pakhale kuyesedwa kwa histological.

Dihydrocodeine imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupweteka pang'ono, zotsatira zake zimakhala mpaka maola 6

Chithandizo

Njira yayikulu komanso yokhayo yochizira chotupa cha khansa pakanthawi kovutirapo ndi chemotherapy, popeza kuthandizira opaleshoni sikothandizanso. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti maselo owopsa sapezeka mu kapamba, komanso ziwalo zina.

Chemotherapy yokhala ndi kansa ya kapamba 4 ya chifuwa chachikulu imapangidwira kuponderezanso kukula kwa maselo a atypical, omwe amachepetsa njira ya pathological ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa zizindikiro zamankhwala.

Zakudya za wodwala ziyenera kukhala zodzaza, koma osasamala; iyenera kukhala ndi mchere komanso mavitamini onse ofunikira m'thupi

Mankhwalawa ovuta, ma analgesics ndi mankhwala omwe si a antiidal amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa ululu, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo a narcotic. Ndi ululu waukulu, opiates amphamvu amalembedwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuchipatala. Ngati wodwalayo ali kunyumba, ndiye kuti wodziwa ntchito zachipatala yemwe akubwera amapangira jakisoni.

Ndi dokotala uti amene amasamalira kapamba

Mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi zowawa:

• Ibuprofen;
• Naproxen;
• Paracetamol;
• Tramadol;
• Tramal;
• Dihydrocodeine;
• Promedol;
• Prosidol;
• Fentanyl.

Ndi maphunziro a chemotherapy, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wautali kwa miyezi ingapo. Nthawi yeniyeni zimatengera kuwonongeka kwa maselo a khansa. Chifukwa cha chemotherapy, kupweteka kumachepa ndikuyamba kudya - munthuyo akumva bwino.

Zakudya zamagulu

Zakudya za khansa ya pancreatic ndizofunikira kwambiri - zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuledzera kwa thupi, zimachepetsa katundu pazinthu zowonongeka ndikupatsanso mphamvu m'masungidwe. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo za chakudya No. 5, zomwe zimatsatiridwa pancreatitis.

Zakudya zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:

• nsomba zopanda nyama ndi nyama - nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, ng'ombe yaying'ono;
• mazira a nkhuku;
• mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa womwe umakhala ndi mafuta ochepa - kanyumba tchizi, yogati, kefir, mkaka wowotchera;
• mkate dzulo, dzulo;
• chimanga - semolina, buckwheat, oat, mapira, tirigu, mpunga;
• masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso. Ndi kulolera bwino, amathanso kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena kuphika.

Nsomba, nkhuku ndi nyama yamphongo imakwaniritsa zofunika zama protein ndipo ndizofunika m'malo mwa nkhumba yamafuta

Mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa zikuwoneka motere:

• ndinasuta nyama ndi marinade, kuphatikiza masamba osankhidwa ndi bowa;
• makeke, makeke, chokoleti, zophika;
• mkaka wamafuta ambiri ndi kirimu wowawasa, zonona;
• khofi ndi makomedwe;
• masamba wowawasa ndi zipatso - sorelo, ndimu, etc.

Ndiye kuti, muyenera kutsatira lamulo la "F" atatuwo - osamadya mafuta, okazinga, oyaka. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndikukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya malonda kuchokera pagulu loletsedwa, osadzikana nokha chisangalalo. Ngati palibe kukanidwa komanso kuyipa kwa thupi, izi zimabweretsa zabwino komanso zimathandizira kusintha.

Zakudya zonse zimayenera kukhala zophika, zophika kapena kuwiritsa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mafuta ndi mitsempha yanyama musanadye. Kuti mukhale ndi chidwi chogulitsa zakudya zizikhala zosemedwa bwino, zosenda kapena pogaya.

Kwathunthu odwala onse amafunikira chithandizo chamalingaliro ndi chisamaliro, komanso chikhulupiriro mu chigonjetso cha matendawa

Ziwonetsero

Odwala ndi abale awo nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti: "Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya kapamba 4? Palibe dokotala amene angayankhe funsoli chimodzimodzi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma, ndi odwala 3-5 okha mwa 100 omwe ali ndi mwayi wopulumuka zaka 5. Koma pali bakoat - nthawi zonse, chotupa chimagwira ntchito, ndipo chimachotsedwa munthawi yoyenera.

Ngati chotupa chachikulu kwambiri sichingalekeke kuchitidwa opaleshoni, ndipo kuchuluka kwa yachiwiri kwa pathological foci kupitilira 4, odwala amakhala ndi moyo mpaka chaka chimodzi. Chofunikira pankhaniyi ndi chithandizo chokwanira chachipatala. Za zonena za moyo m'magawo oyambilira titha kuziwerenga apa.

Pafupifupi theka la odwala amakhala ndi matenda oopsa komanso otsogola, pomwe mankhwala othandizira (othandizira) alibe mphamvu. Kutalika kwambiri kwa moyo wa anthu otere sikuposa chaka. Odwala ambiri omwe salandira chithandizo chamankhwala amafa pakatha miyezi 3-4.

Ndemanga