Kugawidwa kwamakono kwamitundu yamatenda a endocrinological omwe adadziwika kuyambira nthawi yamakedzana mu 1979. World Health Organisation (WHO) yakhazikitsa komiti ya akatswiri pazokhudza matenda ashuga. Muzochita zamankhwala, malingaliro a chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi chachiwiri cha matendawa, othandizira a hypoglycemic a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana, ma syringe apadera, magwiridwe olowa ndi magwiridwe antchito kale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Koma funso loti mtundu wa 1 shuga limasiyana bwanji ndi matenda ashuga 2 silikugwirizana.
Gulu lenileni la matenda ashuga
Amakhulupirira kuti wodwala aliyense matenda omwewo ali ndi zomwe ali nazo. Izi ndichifukwa choti zolengedwa zaumunthu ndizopadera. Ndiwosiyana siyana padera pa mayendedwe otetezeka, cholowa chamtundu, komanso malo okhala.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu kumalola ma endocrinologists ambiri kuti aziganiza kuti awa ndi matenda awiri odziyimira okha omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda a chiwalo chimodzi - kapamba. Chinsinsi chake chomwe amapanga chimathandiza kuti shuga azilowa mu khungu lililonse m'thupi monga chakudya. Zakudya zamagulu owonjezera amadzimadzi zimasanduka saccharide wosavuta.
Maselo a pancreatic pang'ono kapena kutayika kwathunthu, pazifukwa zina, kuthekera kopanga kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Ngati sangathe kupanga mankhwala achinsinsi, ndiye kuti njira yokhayo yovomerezeka masiku ano ndi kudzera mu jakisoni wa insulini pachakudya chomwe mumapereka.
Malingaliro omwewa sayenera kuwopsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso okondedwa awo:
Type 2 shuga- jekeseni wa subcutaneous amaonedwa muzochita zachipatala njira zosavuta kwambiri pakati pa njira zofananira;
- ngakhale akhungu amatha kubayirira insulin pawokha, poganizira momwe mankhwalawo atadulidwira cholembera;
- singano yopyapyala kwenikweni siyimapweteketsa kuchokera ku jakisoni wovulaza kumtunda wapakhungu.
Zotsatira za kusasamala pa thanzi la munthu ndizowopsa. Zamtsogolo sizikhala patali pamene mapiritsi apadera angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu insulin. Zigoba zawo zapadera sizingalole kuti mapuloteni awonekere ku michere ya m'mimba m'mimba. Kenako gulu lidasinthidwa.
Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga
Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala a insulin kapena popanda iwo, njira yayikulu yolowera matenda ikusintha - chakudya. Ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni m'thupi, matenda oyamba 1 amayamba, komanso kupanga mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Mitundu yawo yachiwiri ilinso ndi malo.
Mitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda imatha kubereka komanso kubereka. Mtundu wa achinyamata kapena "shuga wachichepere" amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana (makanda, achinyamata). Fomu yodalira insulin imalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kotheratu kwa maselo a pancreatic beta.
Thupi la endocrine dongosolo mu nkhani iyi silingakwanitse kupanga mahomoni. Matenda ofanana amawonekera modzidzimutsa, mwachangu. Mu 10% ya milandu, itha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda a virus (rubella, chikuku, chimfine).
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 ndi awa:
- chikhalidwe cha matenda
- limagwirira;
- njira zochizira.
Pazaka 30, chiwonetsero chimayamba kupitilira miyezi ingapo komanso masiku. Kuyambika kwa matenda omwe ali pachiwopsezo kumayambitsa nkhawa. Kuthamanga uku kumakhudza achinyamata. Kukhala ndi zaka zakubadwa mpaka nthawi yomwe zinali zotheka kufa ndi njala, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira kuti wina ndi "wotsika".
Zimatenga nthawi kuti mumvetse zomwe zachitika, kuti muphunzire momwe mungakhalire mosatekeseka ndi matenda. Pazinthu zamaganizidwe, kusiyana pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 amapangidwanso. Ndikosavuta kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso m'moyo kuvomereza momwe wodwala akuonekera. Mawonekedwe ake osakhazikika nthawi zambiri amatsogozedwa ndi gawo lokonzekera.
The prediabetesic boma amadziwika ndi wabwinobwino kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kusakhazikika kwathanzi kumatha kupitilira, kutha kapena kusintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala mtundu 2 shuga. Mtundu womaliza wamatenda umapezeka poyesa kulolerana ndi shuga. Dokotala asankha kuchititsa phunzirolo.
Mwazi waukulu umaphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya shuga
Njira zapadera mthupi ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zakudya
Kupanga kwa insulini kulowa m'maselo kungayimiridwe ngati kiyi ndi kutseguka kwa chitseko. Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zakubadwa, matenda osachiritsika, onenepa kwambiri, "zitsime" ndi opunduka, ndipo alipo ambiri aiwo. Kuti mutsegule njira ya insulin m'selo, mumafunikira mahomoni ambiri apamwamba.
Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zopitilira 2-3 kuposa za munthu amene ali ndi kulemera kwabwinoko. Kwa kapamba, katundu wotere ndiwosatheka. Mukamachepetsa thupi, wodwala matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri wamatenda ali ndi mwayi uliwonse, atachepetsa "zitsime" za cell, kuti achotse matenda kwa nthawi yayitali.
Wodwala wodziimira payekha wa mtundu wa 2 ayenera kumamatira zakudya kwambiri, kukana kutsekemera, mafuta, okazinga. Malingaliro amakagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic index yayikulu:
- zipatso (mphesa, masiku, nthochi);
- chimanga (semolina, mpunga);
- masamba (mbatata);
- zopangidwa ndi ufa wa premium.
Mulingo wothandizidwa ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 sikuti sasiyanako ndi chakudya chamagulu. Dokotala adalimbikitsa kupatula pa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (shuga yachilengedwe ndi mbale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito).
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, mumakhala ma “ma key” angapo
Mawonetsero apadera a matenda ashuga
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri ya matenda oyamba a shuga, palinso chinthu chachiwiri. Sichimayambitsidwa ndi matenda apamba, kupatula:
- opaleshoni ya ziwalo;
- kusokonezeka kwa ma cell a adrenal gland, chithokomiro;
- mawonekedwe a insulin antagonists (zinthu zomwe zili ndi zotsutsana).
Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi shuga wambiri. Ngati kuphwanya thupi m'thupi kuchiritsidwa, ndiye kuti "shuga yachiwiri" ipita popanda kufufuza. Ngakhale hyperglycemia imadziwika, imathandizidwa chimodzimodzi monga mawonekedwe oyamba a matendawa (othandizira a hypoglycemic, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi).
"Matenda Aberekera" amatanthauza kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuwonetsa matenda (polyhydramnios, malposition, ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa fetal). Pambuyo pobala, Zizindikiro zake mwa mkazi nthawi zambiri zimachoka. Koma amatenga ngati chizindikiro cha alamu kwa mayi ndi mwana.
Mwa kuwonekera kwa matenda munyengo yovuta kwambiri pamoyo, mkazi ndi mwana wake amakhala pachiwopsezo chokha
Matenda a Neonatal ndi osowa. Wodwala wodwala, amatha kuwoneka kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo, mpaka masabata 6. Njira yachilendo ya insulin imathandizidwa kwa miyezi 3-4.
Khanda limakhala ndi zoopsa zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azidalira insulin:
- kuwonda msanga;
- kusowa kwamadzi;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi glycemia.
Pambuyo pake pamabwera nthawi ya kukhululuka, komwe kumatha zaka 25.
Mu 8-45% ya milandu yamatenda a kapamba mu ana, matenda a shuga a 2 amadziwika. Mitundu ya utoto wa endocrine matenda amadziwika. Padziko lapansi, imawonedwa nthawi zambiri pakati pa anthu aku America ndi aku Latin, ku Russia - pakati pa anthu okhala kudera la Caucasus. Zomwe zimachitika ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi kwa achinyamata, kukonda chakudya chochuluka. Mtundu wa shuga wopanda insulin umalandiridwa, komanso mtundu waulesi wa modi.
Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi njira zochizira homeopathic zimathandizira kuti kapamba apange mahomoni apamwamba kwambiri mulingo woyenera. Amawonjezera chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin. Matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa makumi asanu ndi awiri amatha kuonedwa ngati vuto losafunikira kuti thupi liume.
Mitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri kuchipatala. Pakadali pano, mitundu yawo yozama komanso yozama imawoneka kuti singathe chifukwa chosadzasintha chiwonongeko cha ma cell a pancreatic beta. Mwa chithandizo amatanthauza kukhalabe wathanzi lamunthu moyenera.
Zambiri ndizofalikira zomwe sizimangopereka umboni wabwinobwino wogwira ntchito wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza mtundu woyamba, komanso kukwaniritsa kwawo zotsatira zabwino pamasewera, kulimbikira, ndi zochitika zina. Mawu amakono "chiwongolero cha matenda ashuga" amalola anthu kuti asapereke chiyembekezo chabodza ndikusokoneza zochita kuti alipira magazi a glycemic. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala oyambira komanso othandiza, magawo ndi zida, zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
