Matenda a shuga ndi njira yodwalitsa ya kapamba yomwe imakhudzana ndi kufooka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matendawa: mtundu wa pathology wodalira komanso wodziimira payekha wa insulin. Kusiyana kwawo kumatengera njira ya kakulidwe ka matenda ndi njira yake.
Zina za shuga zosadalira insulini
Nthawi zambiri, chibadwa chamtsogolo komanso kusintha komwe kumachitika pakubadwa kumatenga gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa matendawa pazinthu zonse zamatenda. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amadziwika chifukwa chakuti kapamba amatulutsa timadzi tokwanira, koma maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi imakhala ndi chidwi chogwira ntchito. Kunena mwachidule, "sawona," chifukwa chake glucose m'magazi sangathe kutumizidwa kuti atenge mphamvu yofunikira. Hyperglycemia imayamba.
Zizindikiro zamaguluu m'magulu osiyanasiyana
Magazi a capillary ali ndi shuga wotsika kuposa magazi a venous. Kusiyanaku kungafikire 10-12%. M'mawa chakudya chisanalowe m'thupi, zotsatila za zakudya za matenda amitundu iwiri kuchokera pachala ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu wathanzi (apa, misempha ya glucose yonse imasonyezedwa mmol / l):
- 5.55 pazipita
- osachepera ndi 3.33.
Zizindikiro za magazi amkazi sizosiyana ndi za amuna. Izi sizinganenedwe za thupi la ana. Makanda obadwa kumene ndi makanda amakhala ndi shuga wochepa kwambiri:
- pazabwino - 4.4,
- osachepera - 2.7.
Kusanthula kwa magazi a capillary a ana a sukulu yoyamba kusekondale akuwonetsedwa kuchokera pa 3,3 mpaka 5.
Magazi magazi
Zitsanzo za mtsempha zimafunika mu labotale. Izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zitsimikiziro zamagazi a capillary zitha kuchitika kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa shuga zimadziwika tsiku limodzi mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito.
Magazi a venous - zofunikira za ma labotale zotsogolera shuga
Akuluakulu ndi ana, kuyambira nthawi yamasukulu, amatha kulandira mayankho ndi 6 mmol / l, ndipo izi zimatengedwa ngati zomwe zimachitika.
Zizindikiro nthawi zina
Kukula kwakukulu kwa shuga mu mtundu 2 wa shuga sikuyembekezeredwa, pokhapokha ngati matendawo atakula. Kukula pang'ono ndizotheka, komwe kumakhala ndi malire ovomerezeka a shuga (mmol / l):
- m'mawa, chakudya chisanalowe m'thupi - mpaka 6,6.1;
- pambuyo pa ola limodzi mutatha kudya - mpaka 8.8-8.9;
- pambuyo maola ochepa - mpaka 6.5-6.7;
- musanapume madzulo - mpaka 6.7;
- usiku - mpaka 5;
- pakuwunika mkodzo - kulibe kapena mpaka 0,5%.
Shuga mutatha kudya ndi shuga yachiwiri
Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chambiri chikalowa mkamwa, michere ya munthu wathanzi, yomwe ndi mbali ya malovu, imayamba kugawika kukhala ma monosaccharides. Magazi omwe amalandidwa amalowetsedwa mu mucosa ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti gawo la insulin likufunika. Zakonzedwa kale komanso kupangidwa kale kuti zisalepheretse kuwonjezeka kwa shuga.
Insulin imatsitsa glucose ndipo kapamba amapitilizabe "kugwira ntchito" kuti apirire ndi kulumpha kwinanso. Kubisala kwa mahomoni owonjezera kumatchedwa "gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin." Pamafunika kale pa gawo logaya chimbudzi. Gawo la shuga limakhala glycogen ndipo limapita kumalo osungirako ziwindi, ndi gawo lina la minofu ndi adipose.
Katemera wa insulin ndi gawo lofunikira la metabolism ya carbohydrate.
Thupi la munthu wodwala matenda a shuga limachita mosiyanasiyana. Njira yonyamula mafuta ochulukirapo komanso kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi imachitika mchitidwe womwewo, koma kapamba alibe magawo okonzeka a mahomoni chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maselo, motero, kuchuluka komwe kumamasulidwa pamenepa ndi kochepa.
Ngati gawo lachiwiri la njirayi silinakhudzidwe, ndiye kuti mahomoni ena ofunikira amatha kuchoka maola angapo, koma nthawi yonseyi shuga amakhalabe okwera. Kupitilira apo, insulin iyenera kutumiza shuga m'maselo ndi minyewa, koma chifukwa cha kukana kwake, "zipata" za cellular zimatsekedwa. Zimathandizanso kuchulukitsa kwa hyperglycemia. Izi zimatsogolera pakupanga njira zosasinthika pamtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi, impso, dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso wopenda mawonedwe.
Shuga wam'mawa
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ali ndi gawo lotchedwa Morning Dawn Syndrome. Vutoli limatsatiridwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'mawa mutadzuka. Vutoli limawonedwa osati mwa odwala matenda a shuga, komanso mwa anthu athanzi lathunthu.
Kusinthasintha kwa shuga kumachitika pakati pa 4 koloko mpaka 8 koloko m'mawa. Munthu wathanzi sazindikira kusintha kwake, koma wodwalayo samva bwino. Palibe zifukwa zosintha zoterezi: mankhwala ofunikira adatengedwa pa nthawi yake, kunalibe zovuta zakuchepetsa shuga m'mbuyomu. Onani chifukwa chake kulumpha kwakuthwa.
Zodabwitsa zam'mawa zam'mawa - mkhalidwe womwe umabweretsa kusasangalala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma"
Makina a chitukuko cha zodabwitsazi
Usiku nthawi yogona, dongosolo la chiwindi ndi minofu imalandira chisonyezo chakuti kuchuluka kwa glucagon mthupi ndikokwera ndipo munthu ayenera kuwonjezera masitolo a shuga, chifukwa chakudya sichiperekedwa. Mafuta ochulukirapo amawonekera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni kuchokera ku glucagon-peptide-1, insulini ndi amylin (enzyme yomwe imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga pambuyo podya kuchokera m'mimba m'matumbo).
Hyperglycemia yam'mawa imatha kukhazikikanso motsutsana ndi maziko a ntchito ya cortisol ndi timadzi timene timene timakula. Ndiye m'mawa momwe kubisika kwawo kwapamwamba kumachitika. Thupi labwinobwino limayankha ndikupanga mahomoni ena owonjezera omwe amalamulira shuga. Koma wodwala sangathe kuchita izi.
Momwe mungapezere chodabwitsa
Njira yabwino ikakhala kumwa ma glucose mita muyezo usiku. Akatswiri amakulangizani poyambira kuyeza pambuyo pa maola awiri ndikuwayendetsa pafupipafupi mpaka 7-00 pa ola limodzi. Kenako, zisonyezo za muyeso woyamba ndi wotsiriza zimayerekezedwa. Ndi kuchuluka kwawo komanso kusiyana kwakukulu, titha kuganiza kuti zodabwitsa zam'mawa zadziwika.
Kukonza kwa hyperglycemia ya m'mawa
Pali malingaliro angapo, kutsatira komwe kumapangitsa ntchito yam'mawa:
- Yambani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ndipo ngati omwe akuuzani sakugwiritsidwa ntchito, onaninso mankhwalawo kapena onjezerani atsopano. Zotsatira zabwino zidapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe amatenga Metformin, Januvia, Onglizu, Victoza.
- Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a insulin, omwe ali m'gulu la anthu omwe akhala akuchita zinthu motalika.
- Kuchepetsa thupi. Izi zithandiza kuti chidwi cha maselo amthupi chikhale ndi insulin.
- Tengani zokhwasula pang'ono musanagone. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yomwe chiwindi chimayenera kupanga shuga.
- Onjezerani ntchito zamagalimoto. Kuyenda kwamayendedwe kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha zimakhala ndi zinthu zofunikira zamafuta.
Kudzaza zolemba zathu pawokha ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwona momwe zinthu zimakhalira
Njira Yoyesera
Wodwala aliyense amene akudziwa kuchuluka kwamtundu wamwazi m'magazi ayenera kukhala ndi buku lowonera payekha, pomwe zotsatira zakudziwitsa kunyumba mothandizidwa ndi glucometer zimalowetsedwa. Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin amafunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi ma frequency otsatirawa:
- tsiku lililonse tsiku lakulipidwa;
- Ngati insulin mankhwala n`kofunika, ndiye aliyense makonzedwe a mankhwala;
- kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kumafunikira miyezo ingapo - chakudya chisanafike komanso;
- Nthawi iliyonse munthu akamva njala, koma amalandila chakudya chokwanira;
- usiku;
- pambuyo kulimbitsa thupi.
Kusungidwa kwa zidziwitso mkati moyenera
Wodwala matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kudya pafupipafupi, kupewa kupuma kwakutali pakati pa chakudya. Chofunikira ndikukana kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira zambiri, chakudya mwachangu, nyama yokazinga ndi yosuta.
Magulu olimbitsa thupi ayenera kusinthana ndi kupumula kwabwino. Nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi chakudya chamtopola kuti muchepetse njala yanu yamkati. Osamaika malire pa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amwedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo muwone momwe impso zimayendera.
Pewani zomwe zimabweretsa nkhawa. Pitani kwa dokotala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kuti mupewe matendawa. Katswiriyu ayenera kukhala wodziwa bwino zomwe zikuwonetsa kudziletsa, zolembedwa muzolemba zanu.
Matenda a Type 2 amayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse chifukwa amakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Kutsatira upangiri wa madokotala kungathandize kupewa kutulutsa ziwonetserozi komanso kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo wovomerezeka.
