Chiyambireni matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, anthu akhala akukumana nawo kuyambira kale. Kufotokozera kwamatenda a matendawa, komwe ndi kwa madotolo achi Roma, a m'zaka za m'ma 2000 AD, amadziwika. Kukula kwamatenda sikuti kumangobwera chifukwa chovuta kwambiri komanso mochedwa, komanso zovuta za matenda. Kodi matendawa ndi azimayi otani am'mbuyomu? Kutengera ziwonetsero ziti zomwe zimaweruzidwa pakagwa matenda osachiritsika?
Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga
Kuyambira 1980, World Health Organisation yololedwa kuchita mayeso apadera (kwa akulu okha). Kuti mudziwe kulolera kwa glucose amalola kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kotsatira - GTT. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumawulula mpaka 60% ya odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu. Mwa chiwerengero ichi cha anthu, matendawa amatha kupezeka mwa 25-45% yokha ya milandu. Kusiyana mu zotsatira kumawonekera chifukwa cholephera kulingalira zovuta zonse zokhudzana ndi chithokomiro (chithokomiro, chiwindi, impso), njira zomwe zilipo mthupi.
Masiku atatu mayeso asanakwane, mankhwala ena amaletsedwa kwa odwala (ma hypoglycemic othandizira, salicylates, corticosteroids, estrogens). Pakadali pano, munthu yemwe akuyesedwa amakhala ndi kadyedwe nthawi zonse, amawonetsetsa kuti akuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Patsiku loikika, GTT imachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, munthawi yopuma kwa maola 10 mpaka 16, nthawi yonse yopumula. Glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchuluka kwa 75 g. Kenako, magazi amatengedwa katatu pasanathe maola awiri.
Ngati mayeso a kafukufuku aliyense wapitilira muyeso, ndiye kuti madokotala amazindikira mtundu wa matenda a shuga a insipidus, omwe ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- pamimba yopanda kanthu - mpaka 6.11 mmol / l;
- pambuyo pa 1 h - 9.99 mmol / l;
- pambuyo pa maola 2 - 7.22 mmol / L.
Zomwe zimayambira shuga
Matenda opezeka ndi shuga amawonetsa kusokonekera kwa metabolic mthupi. Pali lingaliro kuti zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolakwika zobadwa nazo. Kugawidwa kwa endocrinological pancreatic matenda m'mitundu iwiri ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.
Zimagwira ntchito kokha ku matenda ashuga oyamba, omwe sanathe kuchiritsidwa. Odwala a Type 2 amatha kukhala pa insulin, ndipo mosiyana, sizachilendo kwa ana omwe chithandizo chawo, monga anthu achikulire, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ndi zakudya. Mkulu wama glucose mu sekondale ya shuga amakwera pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha matenda ena ndipo amachiritsidwa.
Matenda a Type 1 amayamba mwa ana, achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala owuma kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka
Ndi matenda a shuga a m'mbuyo, Zizindikiro zimatha kuwoneka zofooka, osagwirizana, koma pokhapokha, zotsekemera, onse matenda oyamba komanso owonjezera. Zonse zimatengera umunthu wa chamoyo, kuthekera kwake kwa chibadwa, mawonekedwe a thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyesa kwamachitidwe sikutanthauza kuti hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga) kwakanthawi. Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo pafupipafupi (nthawi 1-2 pachaka) amatenga GTT, kuyesa kwa glycated hemoglobin ndi C-peptides.
Kuthekera kwa cholowa cha mtundu 1 matenda a shuga pachimake kuli ndi 7%, abambo - 10%. Ngati makolo onse akuvutika, ndiye kuti mwayi woti mwana adwale azidumphira 70%. Kuthekera kwa mzere wa amayi ndi abambo amtundu wa 2 kubadwa chimodzimodzi - 80%, ngati makolo onse akudwala - 100%.
Matendawa atha kupezeka. Udindo wa zoyambitsa kuwonetsa zizindikiro nthawi zambiri umaseweredwa ndi:
- matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus (nkhuku, rubella, miliri hepatitis kapena fuluwenza);
- matenda omwe amayambitsa maselo a beta a kapamba (khansa ya endocrine organ, pancreatitis);
- kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri;
- kupsinjika kwamanjenje nthawi zonse, kupsinjika mtima.
Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zingapo ndikofanana ndi kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga, monga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la cholowa cha matenda.
Ana ayenera, pamsinkhu woyenera, kuchenjezedwa moyenera za kulemera kwa matenda ashuga kumene
Zobisika komanso mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga
Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga amitundu yosiyanasiyana chikukula pang'onopang'ono, makamaka m'maiko olemera kwambiri komanso olemera. Izi zimachitika osati chifukwa chokwanira kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu, kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu monga izi:
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa akazi- kusowa kwa mahomoni ena m'thupi - diuretic;
- kusokoneza kwa hypothalamus, gland yomwe imatulutsa;
- kuvulala kwa ziwalo (kutupa, kutupa);
- impso zimaleka kuzindikira mahomoni (chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka mwa amuna okha).
Zosiyanasiyana zingakhale chizindikiro cha kupsinjika pambuyo pa chifuwa chachikulu, syphilis. Wodwala amataya madzi mthupi chifukwa chokhala ndi ludzu losatha komanso mkodzo. Kutentha kumadzuka, kusanza, kupweteka mutu, kudzimbidwa, kufooka kumawoneka. Kulakalaka kumachepa, kuchepa thupi kumawonedwa, kusabereka kumapezeka ndi akazi, komanso kusabereka mwa amuna.
Matenda a shuga a bronze amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwachuma m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, zitsulo zimadziunjikira mu minofu, ndulu zimakhudzidwa. Khungu lowuma limakhala lofiirira. Monga lamulo, motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa bronze, shuga yodziwika bwino imayamba, yomwe imafunikira chithandizo ndi insulin.
Chachiwiri, kapena gestational, matenda ashuga amakula mwa amayi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa shuga. Mayi woyembekezera wotereyu ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda oyamba. Amalandira chithandizo, monga mtundu 1 wodwala matenda ashuga, jakisoni wa insulin, zakudya, ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Matenda a shuga a azimayi omwe amapezeka ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino kwambiri za matenda ndi ma gynecologists amati ndi zotsatirazi:
- kubadwa msanga;
- polyhydramnios;
- zipatso zazikulu;
- "jaundice" watsopanowo.
Kuchita kuwunikira tsiku ndi tsiku pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer (chipangizo chomwe chimayeza shuga), kuyesa mawanga - asetoni mumkodzo, mkaziyo amafunikira kusintha zizindikirozo osavulaza thupi lomwe likukula m'mimba mwa mayi.
Pambuyo pobereka, mayi amayenera kuwunika kulemera, kudziteteza kumatenda, komanso kupewa zovuta zopitirira.
Ngati ali ndi mawonekedwe omveka, owoneka bwino, zizindikirazo zikuwonekera m'magawo atatu, ndiye ndi zobisika amatha kuzunza wodwala mmodzi ndi m'modzi:
- kukodza pafupipafupi (polyuria);
- ludzu (polydipsia);
- njala (polyphagy).
Ndi shuga wa latent kapena latent, pali kuphwanya kwa kulekerera kwa glucose, boma la prediabetes.
Nthawi zina, ma endocrinologists amawona kutalika kwa matendawa. Kuopsa kwa matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus kumaonedwa kuti ndi nyengo yophukira komanso nyengo yachisanu. Kukula kwa mahormone mu achinyamata, azimayi amsinkhu wambiri wosamba amatha kudzutsa nthawi yochepa hyperglycemia, i.e. shuga waulesi.
Chikhulupiriro chamakono chakuti okonda lokoma amatenga matendawa ndi nthano chabe. Kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti, makeke, makeke mwachindunji kwa matenda ashuga sikungayambitse. Zotsatira za chikondi chopanda tanthauzo cha zamafuta othamanga osakanikirana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa za matendawa.
