Matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi kulephera kwa thupi kugwetsa glucose, chifukwa chomwe chimakhazikika m'magazi, zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa minofu ndi ziwalo zamkati. Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga, izi zimachitika chifukwa chopanga insulin. Ndipo kuti apange mahomoni awa m'thupi, madokotala amapereka insulin yayitali kwa odwala awo. Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji? Izi ndi zina zambiri tidzazikambirana tsopano.
Chifukwa chiyani ma jakisoni a insulin amafunikira?
Insulin yolimbitsidwa imapereka kusala kudya kwa glucose mwachangu. Mankhwalawa amalangizidwa ndi dokotala pokhapokha ngati wodwala ayesa kuyeza magazi ake mkati mwa sabata azindikire kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro ichi m'mawa.
Potere, ma insulin afupiafupi, apakati kapena ataliatali amatha kukhazikitsidwa. Zothandiza kwambiri pamenepa, mwachidziwikire, ndimankhwala ogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda ashuga 2. Anayambitsidwa kudzera m`nsinga 1-2 pa tsiku.
Dziwani kuti insulin yotalikirapo imatha kutumizidwa ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga omwe adadzipatsa kale majekeseni osakhalitsa. Chithandizo choterechi chimakupatsani mwayi othandizira komanso kupewa mavuto ambiri.
Insulin yayitali imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa maola 3-4 Pankhaniyi, pali kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwe a wodwala. Kuchuluka kwake kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumawonedwa pambuyo pa maola 8-10. Zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala maola 12 mpaka 24 ndipo zimatengera mlingo wa insulin.
Zocheperako zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze insulini mu kuchuluka kwa magawo 8010. Amachitapo kanthu kwa maola 14-16. Insulin m'magawo 20. ndi kuthekera kosunga shuga m'magazi pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Dziwani kuti ngati mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mayunitsi oposa 0.6. pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera, ndiye kuti jakisoni 2-3 amaikidwa nthawi yomweyo m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi - ntchafu, mkono, m'mimba, ndi zina zambiri.
Gulu la mankhwala okhala ndi insulin
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yowonjezera molondola. Siligwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa glucose wamagazi mukatha kudya, chifukwa sichichita mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, insulin. Komanso, jakisoni wa insulin ayenera kukonzekera. Ngati mungadumphe nthawi ya jakisoni kapena kukulitsa / kufupikitsa kusiyana pamaso pawo, izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka muzochitika za wodwalayo, popeza kuchuluka kwa glucose "kumadumpha" nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta.
Kuchita insulini kwa nthawi yayitali
Jekeseni wothandizirana kwa nthawi yayitali amalola odwala matenda ashuga kuti athetse kufunika kwa kumwa mankhwalawa kangapo patsiku, chifukwa amalamulira shuga m'magazi tsiku lonse. Kuchita izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitundu yonse ya insulini yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali imakhala ndi mankhwala othandizira omwe amapanga mphamvu nthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito inanso - amachepetsa njira yolembera shuga m'thupi, potero amapereka kusintha kwa zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo. Zotsatira zoyambirira pambuyo pa jakisoni zimadziwika kale pambuyo pa maola 4-6, pomwe zimatha kupitiliza kwa maola 24-36, kutengera kutha kwa njira ya matenda ashuga.
Dzina la malonda a Insulin Degludek ndi Insulin AspartMayina a mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi insulin nthawi yayitali:
- Kutsimikiza;
- Glargin
- Ultratard;
- Huminsulin;
- Ultralong;
- Lantus.
Mankhwalawa ayenera kuyikidwa ndi adokotala okha, chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwerengera mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa, omwe angapewe zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa jakisoni. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mosavuta m'matako, matako ndi mikono yakutsogolo.
Ndikofunika kusunga mankhwalawa pamtunda wa minus 2 degree (ndikotheka mufiriji). Izi zimapangitsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni a mankhwalawo komanso mawonekedwe a granular osakanikirana nawo. Musanagwiritse ntchito, botolo liyenera kugwedezeka kuti zomwe zili mkati mwake zithe.
Kusungika kosayenera kwa mankhwalawa kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwake komanso moyo wa alumali
Watsopano omwe akhala akuchita insulin amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa zotsatira ndi kapangidwe kake. Agawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- zofanana ndi mahomoni amunthu;
- zoyambira nyama.
Zoyambazo zimapezeka kuchokera kapamba wama ng'ombe ndipo zimalekeredwa bwino ndi 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga. Ndipo zimasiyana ndi insulin ya chilengedwe chanyama pokha pa amino acid. Mankhwalawa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
- kupeza kwambiri achire zotsatira, kukhazikitsa yaying'ono Mlingo wofunikira;
- lipodystrophy pambuyo makonzedwe awo amawonedwa kangapo;
- Mankhwalawa samayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta kuwongolera shuga m'magazi a omwe ali ndi matendawa.
Nthawi zambiri, anthu osazindikira odwala matenda ashuga osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhawo omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakhalitsa. Koma ndizosatheka kuchita izi. Kupatula apo, iliyonse mwa mankhwalawa imagwira ntchito yake. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kusinthitsa shuga m'magazi ndikuyenda bwino, palibe chifukwa chomwe mungasinthire mosamalitsa chithandizo. Dokotala yekha ndiye ayenera kuchita izi.
Kubwereza mwachidule
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe mayina awo adzafotokozeredwe pansipa, palibe amene sangagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda mankhwala a dokotala! Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.
Ntchitoglar
Mankhwala okhala ndi insulin, zomwe zimatha patatha maola 24 mutakhazikitsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu 1 wa shuga kuphatikiza ma insulin omwe amangokhala pakanthawi kochepa komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga limodzi ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic.
Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa mosavuta, osapitirira nthawi 1 patsiku. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupereka jakisoni pogona nthawi yomweyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito Basaglar nthawi zambiri kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwoneka kwa zoyipa, zomwe zina mwa izi ndizambiri:
- chifuwa
- kutupa kwa m'munsi m'munsi ndi kumaso.
Limagwirira a zochita za insulin mu thupi
Tresiba
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mankhwala abwino kwambiri, omwe ndi analogue a insulin ya anthu. 90% ya odwala amaloledwa bwino. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga okha, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumawonetsa kuyipa kwa matupi awo sagwirizana ndi lipodystrophy (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali).
Tresiba imanena za ma insulini okhala ndi nthawi yayitali omwe amatha kusunga shuga kwa magazi mpaka maola 42. Mankhwalawa amatumizidwa kamodzi pa tsiku nthawi yomweyo. Mlingo wake umawerengedwa aliyense payekha.
Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti omwe amapanga amathandizira pakuwonjezera insulin ndi maselo amthupi komanso kuchepa kwa mtundu wa kupanga kwa chiwindi, komwe kumalola kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.
Koma chida ichi chili ndi zovuta zake. Akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti, imaphatikizidwa kwa ana. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa odwala matenda ashuga sikungatheke mwa amayi panthawi yoyembekezera komanso pakubala, chifukwa izi zimatha kusokoneza thanzi la mwana wosabadwa.
Lantus
Ndi analogue of insulin ya anthu. Imayendetsedwa mosavuta, nthawi imodzi patsiku limodzi. Imayamba kugwira ntchito 1 ola limodzi pambuyo pa utsogoleri ndipo imagwirabe ntchito kwa maola 24. Ili ndi analogue - Glargin.
Chodabwitsa cha Lantus ndikuti chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu achinyamata ndi ana opitilira zaka 6. Mwambiri, kulekerera bwino. Okha odwala matenda ashuga okha ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti thupi lawo liziganiza, kutupira, komanso kufooka kwa milomo.
Levemir
Ndi sungunuka basal analog a insulin yamunthu. Zovomerezeka kwa maola 24, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kudziyimira pawokha kwa mamolekyu a insulir m'dera la jakisoni ndikumangidwa kwa mamolekyulu a mankhwala kupita ku albumin yokhala ndi unyolo wamafuta acid.
Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa mosachepera 1-2 patsiku, kutengera zosowa za wodwala. Zitha kupangitsanso kupezeka kwa lipodystrophy, chifukwa chake malo a jekeseni amayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse, ngakhale jakisoni atayikidwa m'dera lomwelo.
Kumbukirani kuti ma insulin omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala amphamvu omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi chiwembu, osaphonya nthawi ya jakisoni. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumapangidwira ndi dokotala, komanso mlingo wawo.
