Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamakono, pafupifupi 6% ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda a shuga. Izi ndi ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa, chifukwa matendawa ndi m'gulu la matenda osachiritsika. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri amalosera kuwonjezeka kokwana 1.5 kwa anthu odwala pazaka khumi zikubwerazi.
Matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndi gawo la bronze pakati pamikhalidwe yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa imfa. Matendawa ndi wachiwiri kwa zotupa zako ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa anthu onse kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lawo kuti azitha kudziteteza komanso kuteteza okondedwa awo kuti asadwale matenda oopsa. Kodi kupewa matenda ashuga ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati matendawa apezeka kale, takambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Matendawa ndi omwe amaopsa
Pathology imachitika m'njira zingapo. Otsatirawa ndi njira zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri pakupanga kwawo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga (wodalira insulin)
Zimadziwika ndi chakuti mahomoni a pancreatic amapangidwa pang'ono kapena samapangidwa konse. Chifukwa cha izi, insulini sangathe kunyamula shuga m'maselo a thupi, omwe, pomwepo, amakhala ndi mphamvu "njala." Thupi limayesera kubwezeretsanso mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta, koma chifukwa cha zochita za kagayidwe kameneka, zinthu zopweteka (ma ketones) zimatulutsidwa m'magazi, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kukhazikika.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda amtundu woyamba:
- cholowa;
- matenda opatsirana;
- mphamvu ya ma virus;
- zovuta zakunja;
- zolakwika zamphamvu.
Mfundo za kakulidwe ka mtundu wa insulin wodalira "matenda okoma"
Matenda a 2 a shuga (osadalira insulini)
Amayamba 80% ya odwala onse omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma". Ngati mtundu wa 1 wa matenda amisala wa ana ndi akulu, ndiye kuti mawonekedwewa amakhudza anthu okulirapo kuposa zaka 45-50. Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asadalire insulin ndizosadya kwambiri, kulemera kwa thupi, mphamvu ya kupsinjika, moyo wokhazikika.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga m'magazi ndiwambiriGlucose simalowa m'maselo a thupi, osati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, koma chifukwa amalephera kuzimvera. Vutoli limatchedwa "insulin kukana."
Malinga ndi asayansi, kunenepa kwambiri ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda, chifukwa maphunziro azachipatala atsimikizira kuti kuchepa thupi ngakhale makilogalamu 6-7 kumatha kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha matendawo.
Mfundo Zopewera
Pambuyo pofotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda, titha kupitiriza kufunsa momwe tingapewere matenda ashuga pokopa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Kuphatikizika konse kwa njira zodzitetezera kuli ndi zinthu izi.
Kupewa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba:
- kupewa ndi kuperekera nthawi yake matenda a virus;
- kusintha kwakhalidwe;
- kukana kumwa mowa ndi fodya;
- kukonza zakudya;
- kuwunika pafupipafupi shuga m'magazi mukamayesedwa.
Kufotokozera za mfundo za momwe kupewa matenda ashuga kumachitikira - ulemu kwa dokotala wabanja, wothandizira kapena endocrinologist
Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga a 2:
- kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo m'zakudya;
- kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi;
- kuwongolera thupi;
- kupezeka pafupipafupi kwa ziwerengero zamatenda a glycemic panthawi yoyesedwa kuchipatala.
Madzi olimbitsa thupi
Kupewa matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo kuwunikira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalandilidwa m'thupi. Pofuna kuti asidi wa kulowererapo kwa asidi azichitika m'thupi la munthu, kuphatikiza mahomoni amakondwerero, pamafunika bicarbonate wokwanira (amabwera ndi mayankho amadzimadzi).
Poyerekeza ndi maziko am'madzi, bicarbonate ikupitilizidwa kupangidwanso ngati njira yolipirira, ndipo insulin ingachepetse pakadali pano. Zotsatira zake zimakhala glycemia wamagazi kwambiri komanso mlingo wotsika wa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi.
Zokonda zimaperekedwa kumadzi akumwa oyera opanda mpweya. Popewa matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati wachibale ali ndi matenda amtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa khofi, tiyi wamphamvu, zakumwa zochokera mu kaboni. Mitengo yovomerezeka ya mowa ndi motere:
- Kwa amuna - osaposa 100 g zakumwa zamphamvu (zamtundu wapamwamba!), osaposa chikho chimodzi cha vinyo wofiira wowuma;
- Kwa amayi - osapitirira 50 g zakumwa zamphamvu, zosaposa 150 g za vinyo wowuma.
Pewani zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa, chifukwa zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi ngakhale mwa munthu wathanzi, osanenapo za omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia.
Mowa - chakumwa chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi (hypoglycemia), chomwe chili chowopsa kwa anthu komanso kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga mwa abambo, amayi ndi ana kumaphatikizapo gawo la kukonza kwa menyu pawokha. Malamulo ochepa oyambira adzakuthandizani kuti mudziteteze ku matenda ashuga komanso okondedwa anu.
Zokonda za Mbewu Zonse
Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti zopangidwa ndi tirigu wathunthu zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, pomwe zopatsa zam'thupi, m'malo mwake, zimachulukitsa kangapo. Mbewu zonse zimapangidwa ndi mitundu yophatika ya chakudya - mafuta omwewo, koma omwe ali m'gulu la "zovuta".
Ma saccharides ovuta amapakidwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'matumbo am'mimba ndikuwonjezera shuga pang'onopang'ono mukatha kudya. Komanso, malonda awa amakhala ndi manambala ocheperako a glycemic, zomwe ndizofunikira kuziganizira mukamapanga menyu.
Mbewu zonse zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, michere, ma phytochemicals, zomwe ndizofunikira ngati chitetezo chachiwiri chikuchitika. Tikulankhula za anthu omwe ali kale ndi matendawa, koma akuyesera kuti ateteze kudutsa kwake komanso kukula kwa zovuta.
Zofunika! Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zozikidwa pa ufa wa tirigu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso woyamba, ufa wa mitundu yatsopano ya mpunga.
Ufa wonse wa tirigu ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwamo sizothandiza kwa odwala komanso kwa anthu athanzi
Kukana zakumwa zotsekemera
Kukana zakumwa zoledzeretsa kumathandiza kupewa matenda ashuga. Ali ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti zoyipa zakumwa zotere ndi izi:
- kulemera kwa thupi kumachuluka;
- kuchuluka pathologies;
- triglycerides ndi "zoyipa" cholesterol zowonjezereka;
- kudziwa kwa maselo ndi minyewa pakuchitapo kanthu ka insulin kumachepa.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa mafuta "abwino" muzakudya
Ponena za mafuta "abwino", tikutanthauza gulu lawo la polyunsaturated. Zinthu izi zimachepetsa cholesterol m'mwazi, zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa matenda a mtima. Mafuta abwino amapezeka mu:
- nsomba
- mtedza
- nyemba;
- nyongolosi ya oats ndi tirigu;
- mafuta a masamba.
Sankhani zina mwazogulitsa
Pofuna kuti musadwale ndi matenda ashuga, m'khitchini ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda, payenera kukhala ndi mndandanda wokhala ndi mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa ndi zomwe ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Maziko azakudya ndi:
- supu zamasamba;
- mitundu yamafuta ochepa, nyama;
- mazira
- zopangidwa mkaka;
- chimanga;
- masamba ndi zipatso.
Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndizakudya zomwe zimakonda kwambiri pamenyu kuti zithandizire kupewa matenda a shuga.
Kukana kapena kuletsa kumwa kumathandiza kupewa matenda ashuga:
- nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba;
- zakudya zamzitini;
- kusuta ndi kuzifutsa zinthu;
- masoseji;
- maswiti;
- mafupa.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira ndikofunikira osati monga chofunikira poletsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa amayi ndi abambo, komanso ndikugwirira ntchito pobwezera ngati akudwala. Kumayambiriro kwamatenda, ndikokwanira kukonza menyu payekha ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kangapo pa sabata kuti musayike zizindikiro za glycemia m'malo ovomerezeka.
Masewera amawonjezera kukhudzika kwa maselo ndi minyewa yamthupi la munthu kuti apange insulini, amalepheretsa kukula kwa pathologies a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, amathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera, amachotsa cholesterol "yowonjezera", komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kupsinjika.
Pofuna kuti musadutse koyambirira kwa matenda (ngati matendawa adachitika kale), zokonda zimaperekedwa:
- kulimba
- Yoga
- akuyenda
- kusambira;
- njinga;
- volleyball.
Kulimbitsa thupi ndi njira imodzi yomwe imakulolani kuti muchepetse glycemia.
Kupewa matenda ashuga
Amayi oyembekezera nawonso amadwala matenda ashuga. Ndi osiyana mawonekedwe - gestational. Matenda amtunduwu ali ndi makina otukuka ofanana ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda. Ma cell a mkazi motsutsana ndi tsogolo lakubala mwana amataya chidwi chake ndi zomwe zimachitika mu timadzi ta m'mapapo.
Pali njira zingapo zopewa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Mulinso:
- kukonza zakudya (mfundozo ndizofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi);
- kulimbitsa thupi pang'ono (atakambirana ndi dokotala wazachipatala);
- kuyang'anira pafupipafupi zizindikiro za glycemia - kunyumba mutha kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer, poyika mayendedwe azimayi amatenga kusanthula konse, kusanthula shuga, kuyesa kwa sayansi ndi kuyesedwa kwa shuga;
- pamwezi, ndipo mu trimester yachitatu, kuwongolera kwa sabata kwa sabata;
- kupewa kumwa mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa insulin kukana (adrenal cortex mahomoni, nicotinic acid).
Pali lingaliro kuti ndizotheka kuletsa kukula kwa matendawa ndi anthu wowerengeka. Tikuyankhula zakuphatikizidwa muzakudya zamafuta azitsamba, kulowetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachokera pazomera zomwe zimapangitsa shuga kukhala yofunikira. Malingalirowa ali awiriawiri, chifukwa si zochitika zonse izi zomwe zimathandiza.
