Kuyambira kale, Zizindikiro za matendawa zadziwika kwa anthu. "Matenda a shuga" ochokera ku Greek "diabayo", omwe amatanthauza "kupitilira," (m'masiku amenewo, matenda ashuga amadziwika kuti ndi matenda omwe thupi sakanatha kugontha) anali odziwika bwino ku Aiguputo ngakhale pomanga mapiramidi.
Ludzu losagonjetseka, kukodza kochulukirapo ndi kuchepa thupi, ngakhale kuli kwabwino komanso nthawi zina chilakolako chofuna kudya, ndizizindikiro zomwe zadziwika kwa madokotala kuyambira nthawi zakale.
Mbiri yazachipatala
Pafupifupi zaka 2000 zapitazo, zambiri za matenda a shuga zidawonjezeranso mndandanda wa matenda omwe ali m'maiko ambiri. Chifukwa chakuwala kwakale kwambiri kwamomwemo, palinso malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa omwe adayamba kuwonetsa m'miyoyo yathu.
M'magulu akale azachipatala a ku Egypt a "Papyrus Ebers" a shuga adawerengedwa kale ngati matenda odziyimira pawokha.
Kuti zikhale zodziwika bwino, mawu akuti "shuga" adayambitsidwa ndi dokotala Demetrios wa ku Apamania m'zaka za zana la II BC, koma anali woyamba kufotokoza momveka bwino.
Areteus wa ku Kapadokiya, yemwe amakhala m'zaka za zana la 1 AD, yemwe amathandizira ndikuvomereza dzina ili. Pofotokozera za matenda ashuga, adawonetsa kuti ndi madzi osafunikira m'thupi, omwe amamugwiritsa ntchito (thupi), ngati makwerero, kungoisiya mwachangu.
Mwa njira, matenda a shuga ku Europe, omwe amadziwika kuti anali abwino kwambiri panthawiyo, adadziwika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17.
Panthawi yomwe, zaka masauzande zapitazo, kuzindikira kwamkodzo wodwala matenda ashuga komanso shuga zomwe zidalimo zidatsimikizika kale ndi Aigupto, Amwenye ndi Chitchai pomangotsanulira mkodzo wa wodwalayo kuchokera pa anthill, pomwe nyerere zidatsikira.
Mu "kuwunikiridwa" ku Europe, mkodzo "wokoma" wa mkodzo udapezeka mu 1647 ndi dotolo wachi Ngelezi komanso katswiri wazachilengedwe, a Thomas Willis.
Ndipo kale mu 1900, wasayansi waku Russia L. Sobolev adawonetsa ndikuwonetsa kuti timadziti tam'mimba ta kapamba timalepheretsa shuga. Atasuntha mapindikidwe a kapamba, adapeza kuti malo osungika (osagonjetseka ndi atrophy) amakhalabe ndi insulin, yomwe imathandizira thupi kuyamwa shuga.
Shuga - Odwala Awa Awa
Pakadali pano pali magulu angapo a odwala matenda a shuga mellitus malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana:
- 1 digiri - shuga wodalira insulin, monga lamulo, amapezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata;
- 2 digiri - osadalira shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda (mpaka 90% ya odwala onse). Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu omwe adutsa zaka makumi anayi zakubadwa. Amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo ali ndi zofooka kwambiri;
- 3 digiri - A mawonekedwe enieni a matendawa omwe amaphatikiza matenda a matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti makamaka ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kutsatira zakudya kumakhala kokwanira. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matendawa m'mayambiriro ake .. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kulembetsedwa ndi endocrinologist ndikuyesera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Ndi zakudya zapadera, ndikofunikira kupatula shuga, manyumwa, zipatso zotsekemera, mowa ku zakudya. Idyani zakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, 4 kapena 5 patsiku. Mitundu ina ya chakudya, makamaka kupanikizana, yomwe ili yotetezeka kwa odwala matenda a shuga, tidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Monga mukudziwa, mchere uliwonse wa shuga ndi "bomba" lokhazikika ndi zopatsa mphamvu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, kapena zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi shuga zomwe zimachitika.
Njira yokhayo yothetsera izi ndikupanga kupanikizana ndi wogwirizira wa shuga kapena popanda zina zowonjezera.
Poyamba zikuwoneka kuti mchere wotsekemera komanso kudzaza kosangalatsa pakuphika sikungakhale kosangalatsa popanda gawo lake lalikulu - shuga. Koma sichoncho. Kupanikizana, kupanikizana komanso kupanikizika kwa odwala matenda ashuga sikungakhale kothandiza, komanso kungakhale kokoma kwambiri. Ndipo maphikidwe pansipa azitsimikizira.
Kuphika zakudya ndi popanda lokoma
Kuyambira raspberries awo msuzi
Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta: ikani 6 makilogalamu a rasipiberi watsopano mu msuzi wamkulu, nthawi zina amagwedezeka kuti agwirizane.
Dziwani kuti raspberries sayenera kutsukidwa, chifukwa madzi ake opindulitsa amatayika.
Kenako, mu ndowa yoyera yachitsulo, magawo angapo a gauze kapena chopukutira china amapaka pansi, botolo lagalasi lokhala ndi mabulosi limayikidwa pa nsaluyo ndipo chidebe chimadzazidwa ndi theka.
Sikoyenera kuyika botolo mwachindunji m'madzi otentha, chifukwa amatha kuphulika chifukwa chosiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha. Kubweretsa madzi mu chidebe ku chithupsa, moto uyenera kuchepera.
Mabulosi pa kuphika koteroko ayamba kukhazikika msuzi ndi "kukhazikika". Nthawi ndi nthawi mudzafunika kuthira zipatsozo mumtsuko, kuonetsetsa kuti zimadzaza nthawi zonse. Kupanikizana uku kuyenera kuwiritsa kwa ola limodzi, kenako mtsuko wa zipatso umakulungidwa m'njira yokhazikika ndikuti uziziritsa mozondoka. Kupanikizana kumeneku sikumangokhala ngati mchere wotsekemera, komanso mankhwala abwino kwa chimfine.
Kuchokera kwa tangerine wamafuta
Ichi ndi kupanikizika kwa thukuta lomwe njira yake ndi yosavuta kopanda chiyembekezo.
Mutha kupanga jamu ya tangerine pa sorbitol kapena fructose. Ndikofunikira kutenga:
- 500 g zipatso zakupsa;
- 1 makilogalamu a sorbitol kapena 500 g wa fructose;
- 350 g madzi.
Ma tangerine amayenera kukokedwa ndi madzi otentha, oyeretsedwa zikopa (osataya zest!) Ndi mafilimu oyera pazilonda. Mnofu womwe umadulidwaduka, limodzi ndi timizeremizere tating'onoting'ono ta zodulidwa, umatsitsidwa m'madzi okonzedwera ndikuyika moto wochepa.
Kuphika kupanikizana kuyambira mphindi 50 mpaka ola limodzi ndi theka, mpaka zestanger ya tangerine itayamba kukhala yofewa komanso yofewa. Izi zitha kufufuzidwa ndi tsamba la mpeni.
Tangerine kupanikizana
Kenako, kupanikizana kopanda kuyenera kuloledwa kuziziritsa ndikutsanulira mu chikho cha blender, pomwe pali bwino. Thirani osakaniza omalizidwa mu chidebe chomwe adakonzera, mudzaze ndi shuga m'malo mwake ndikubweretsa. Jam ali wokonzekera kumalongeza nyengo yozizira, komanso kutumikira nthawi yomweyo. Popeza mandarins kwenikweni alibe shuga, amawerengedwa ngati chakudya chofunikira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 2.
Kuyambira sitiroberi
Kupanga jamu ya sitiroberi, muyenera kutenga:
- 2 makilogalamu a sitiroberi, msuzi wa theka ndimu;
- 200 g wa apulo watsopano;
- 8-10 g yachilengedwe m'malo mwa gelatin - agar-agar.
Tsukitsani sitiroberi mosamala ndikuchotsa mapesi, kusamala kuti musawononge khungu losalala la zipatso.
Kenako ikani poto, ndikuwonjezera mandimu ndi apulo watsopano kumeneko. Kuphika kupanikizana kwa theka la ola pamoto wotsika, nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsa ndikuchotsa chithovu, chomwe chomwe chimatha kukhala chokoma kwambiri.
Pafupifupi mphindi 5 kuphika kusanathe, muyenera kuwonjezera agar-agar osungunuka m'madzi ozizira komanso osakanikirana bwino. Mutha kuthandizira kununkhira kowawa kwa zipatsozo ndi masamba a grimu ya mandimu kapena muzu wosenda.
Anthu ena amakonda sitiroberi, kapena mabulosi abulu. Mitundu itatu yonseyi ya zipatso imakwaniritsa zokoma za wina ndi mnzake ndipo idzakhala yopeza bwino kwa iwo omwe sanayeserepo kuphatikiza izi. Kupanikizana kumabweretsanso chithupsa ndikuzimitsa. Ngati kusunga kwa nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira, kupanikizana kumakulungidwa mumitsuko yokonzedwa. Zakudya izi sizitengera kuwonjezera kwa shuga kapena ma analogues, kotero kukoma kwake kumakhalabe kwachilengedwe komanso kwachilengedwe ndipo kungakhalepo patebulo la odwala matenda ashuga chaka chonse.
Shuga plum kupanikizana ndi sorbitol
Zothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso maula kupanikizika pa zotsekemera, zomwe ndi zosavuta:
- 4 kg kukhetsa;
- 200 g madzi;
- 1 makilogalamu a sorbitol kapena 750 g wa xylitol.
Madzi amawiritsa mu beseni la aluminiyamu kapena poto, momwe amakonzamo, ma plums opanda mbewu amaikidwapo. Kuphika kupanikizana pamoto wotsika kwa ola limodzi, kuyambitsa pafupipafupi.
Pambuyo pa ola limodzi, wogwirizira wa shuga (sorbitol kapena xylitol) amawonjezedwa pansi pa kupanikizana ndipo chilichonse chimabweretsedwa pamtunda wa phala lolimba pamtunda wochepa. Anthu ena amakonda kuwonjezera sinamoni kapena vanila pa jamu.
Mutha kuyesa ndi kuwonjezera maapulo angapo, odulidwa mumtundu waung'ono. Kununkhira kwapang'onopang'ono kwa apulo kumapereka kupanikizana ndi chithumwa chapadera. Mu mawonekedwe otentha kupanikizana kuchokera ku plums kumadzaza.
Ma cranberries amaphwando a tiyi wozizira
Kuti mupange cranberry kupanikizana popanda shuga, muyenera kutenga 2,5 makilogalamu a zipatso, kuzisintha mosamala, kutsuka ndi kuponya mu colander.
Zipatsozi zikauma ndipo madziwo atayala, kiranberiyo amayenera kuyikanso mumtsuko wosaphika ndikuphimbidwa.
Ikani botolo mumtsuko waukulu wokhala ndi chitsulo pansi kapena kuti muikemo zigawo zingapo ndi kansalu, kutsanulira botilo pakati ndi madzi ndikuyika kuti liwotche pa moto wosakwiya.
Kuphika kwa ola limodzi, ndiye kutseka mtsuko ndi chivindikiro chapadera pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi. Kupanikizana kumeneku kumatha kudyedwa mosiyana, kapena mutha kuphika zakudya zamafuta kapena compote kutengera.
Kuchokera ku nightshade yapamwamba
Kuti mupange kupanikizana, muyenera kutenga:
- 500 g nightshade;
- 230 g wa fructose;
- Supuni 1 ya muzu wa ginger.
Ginger amakhala wosankhidwa. Nightshade iyenera kukonzedwanso, kulekanitsa manda kuchokera ku zipatso ndi ma puncture a mabulosi aliwonse kuti asang'ambike pakuphika.
Kenako, kuwira 130 g yamadzi, yonjezerani fructose kwa iye, kutsanulira mu nightshade ndikuwiritsa kwa mphindi 10-12, kusakaniza bwino. Lolani kuyimirira kwa maola 10. Pambuyo pake, ikani moto kachiwiri, onjezerani ginger ndi kuwira kwa mphindi zina 35 mpaka 40.
Kupanikizika ukutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chosiyana ndi tiyi, komanso kudzaza ma pie ndi ma cookie a matenda amtundu uliwonse. Ili ndi antimicrobial, anti-kutupa, antiseptic ndi hemostatic zotsatira. Chokonzekera chokhazikika chimatha kusungidwa mumitsuko yokonzedwa pansi kapena mufiriji.
Kanema wothandiza
Maphikidwe enanso opanda shuga:
Ndikufuna kukumbukira mawonekedwe azakudya za odwala matenda ashuga. Chiwerengero cha odwala chikukula chaka ndi chaka, ndipo palibe vuto lililonse la mankhwalawa lomwe lapezeka. Koma nthawi zina kupirira ndi kuleza mtima zimadabwitsa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwonjezera nyama ina yamitundu yonse kuzakudya zawo. Tchizi tchizi, mkaka wa skim, yogati ndi zinthu zina mkaka wothira zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri. Kholifulawa ndi kabichi yoyera, msuzi wa sauerkraut uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Anyezi wobiriwira wosasinthika watsopano, adyo, udzu winawake ndi sipinachi. Thanzi labwino limakhalabe chinsinsi cha thanzi la chamoyo chonse.
