Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda amitundu iwiri

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (osadalira insulini) ndi matenda omwe amadziwika chifukwa chopanga michere m'thupi. Munthawi yabwinobwino, thupi la munthu limatulutsa insulini (mahomoni), omwe amasintha glucose m'maselo opangira tinthu timene timagwira m'thupi.

Mu maellitus a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, maselo amenewa amatulutsidwa mothandizidwa kwambiri, koma insulini sogawa mphamvu molondola. Pankhaniyi, kapamba amayamba kudzipangira ndi kubwezera. Kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi kumachepetsa maselo amthupi, shuga yotsala imadziunjikira m'magazi, ndikupanga chisonyezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga 2 - hyperglycemia.

Zomwe zimachitika

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta za mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga sizinakhazikitsidwebe. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti matendawa amafala kwambiri mwa azimayi komanso achinyamata pa nthawi yakutha msinkhu. Oimira mpikisano waku Africa American nthawi zambiri amadwala.

Matenda a 2 a shuga mu 40% ya milandu ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Odwala nthawi zambiri amadziwa kuti banja lawo lenileni lidadwalanso chimodzimodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, limodzi ndi chibadwidwe, amathanso kukhala ndi moyo wamakhalidwe oyipa, komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.

Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 ndi:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri
2. Mitundu;
3. Moyo;
4. Kudya;
5. Zizolowezi zoipa;
6. Matenda oopsa.

Kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka ma visceral, pamene maselo amafuta amapezeka mwachindunji pamimba ndikuphimba ziwalo zonse. Mwa 90% ya milandu, zizindikiro za mtundu 2 za matenda a shuga zimapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri awa amakhala odwala omwe kulemera kwawo kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kudya zakudya zambiri zopanda pake.

Mitundu ndi chifukwa chinanso cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Chizindikiro chotere chimawonekera kwambiri pamene moyo wamunthu umasintha. Matenda a 2 a shuga limodzi ndi kunenepa kwambiri amachititsa kuti azingokhala, osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso osangokhala malo amodzi.

Mellitus wosadalira shuga yemwe amadalira inshuwaransi amachitikanso chifukwa cha zakudya zinazake (mwachitsanzo, zamankhwala kapena zamasewera). Izi zimachitika mukamadya chakudya chamagulu ambiri, koma okhala ndi fiber pang'ono m'thupi.

Zizolowezi zoyipa ndi zifukwa zabwino za matenda a shuga a 2. Mowa umawononga pancreatic minofu, kuchepetsa chinsinsi cha insulini ndikuwonjezera chidwi chake. Chiwalochi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotereli chimakulitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo maselo apadera omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga insulin kwathunthu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kumwa pang'ono kwa mowa patsiku (48 g) kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri limawonekera limodzi ndi vuto lina - ochepa matenda oopsa. Ichi ndi matenda osatha kwa akulu, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi matenda oopsa zimafanana.

Zizindikiro za matenda

Zizindikiro za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga obisika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo matendawa nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusanthula kwa glycemia. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yoyeserera kuchipatala. Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri akhazikitsidwa, zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika makamaka mwa anthu opitilira 40, koma pomwepo odwala omwe samadandaula chifukwa cha kutopa kwadzidzidzi, ludzu, kapena polyuria (kukodza pokodza).

Zizindikiro zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za matenda a shuga a 2 ndikuyamwa kwa gawo lililonse la khungu kapena dera la nyini.Koma chizindikiro ichi ndi chofala kwambiri, kotero, nthawi zambiri, odwala amakonda kufunafuna thandizo la dermatologist kapena gynecologist, osaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga 2.

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chiwonetsero cha matenda ndikuwazindikira koyenera, nthawi zambiri kumatenga zaka zambiri, pakadali pano, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amapeza kale chithunzi cha zovuta zam'mbuyo.

Matendawa amakula m'magawo angapo ndipo pali mitundu ingapo yamakani:

1. Madigiri ofatsa. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka ndikuwunika koyenera komanso kokwanira kuchipatala. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2 sangamve bwino ndi chithandizo choyenera. Mankhwalawa atenga kutsatira zakudya zosavuta, komanso kumwa chikho chimodzi cha hypoglycemic.
2. Digiri yapakatikati. Apa, zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2 zimatha kuchitika, koma popanda zovuta zina zowonjezera thupi. Ndikotheka kusintha vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo ochepetsa shuga patsiku.
3. Madigiri akulu. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mu mawonekedwe awa zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, kuphatikizapo kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi komanso opaleshoni yosakonzekera. Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, muyenera kupita kukathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Chigawo chachiwiri cha matenda ashuga:

• Zothandiza. Gawo limasinthiratu ndipo mtsogolomo wodwalayo adzachira kwathunthu, chifukwa zizindikiritso za mtundu 2 za shuga sizimawoneka pano konse kapena zikuwoneka pang'ono.
• Othandizira. Kufunika chithandizo chachikulu kwambiri, zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 2 zitha kukhalapo mwa wodwala kwa moyo wake wonse.
• Kubwezera. Kagayidwe kake ka zakudya m'thupi kamasinthidwa kotheratu ndikusokoneza, ndizosatheka kubwezeretsanso thupi ku mawonekedwe ake "athanzi" oyambirirawo.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin omwe amadalira shuga nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chizindikiro cha hyperemia (shuga yayikulu magazi) pamodzi ndi zizindikilo za mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 (kunenepa kwambiri, cholowa, ndi zina).

Ngati zizindikirozi sizikupezeka pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuchepa kwa insulin kwathunthu kumatha kukhazikitsidwa. Ndi izo, wodwalayo amachepetsa thupi kwambiri, amakumana ndi ludzu losatha, ketosis imayamba (kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuti achulukitse kusunga mphamvu chifukwa cha zochepa zamankhwala ochulukitsa m'thupi).

Popeza mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta kwambiri, kuwunika kumawunikira komanso kupewa. Uku ndikuwunika kwa odwala popanda zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2.

Njira yodziwira mulingo wa kusala kudya kwa glycemia ikuwonetsedwa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40 nthawi 1 muzaka zitatu. Chofunika kwambiri phunziroli ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri.

Odwala achichepere amayenera kuyesedwa kwa omwe samadalira insulin omwe amadwala matenda ngati awa:

• Amanenepa kwambiri;
• Khalani moyo wongokhala;
• Muli ndi ochepa matenda oopsa;
• Mulingo wa lipoprotein wapamwamba kwambiri (HDL) ndiwokwera kuposa wabwinobwino;
• Khalani ndi matenda amtima;
• Mayiyo adabereka mwana wolemera oposa 4 kg ndipo / kapena ali ndi vuto la ovary polycystic (zovuta zosiyanasiyana za ntchito yamchiberekero).

Kuyesedwa kwina ndiko kuyesa kwa glucose. Pamaso pa njirayi, wodwala ayenera kudya chakudya chamafuta 200 patsiku kwa masiku angapo, ndipo madzi opanda shuga amatha kuledzera mopanda malire. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa magazi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kudzaposa 7.8 mmol / L.

Kuti mupeze matenda olondola patatha maola 10 chakudya chatha, kuyezetsa kumachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, magazi amatha kutengedwa kuchokera ku chala chonse ndi mtsempha. Kenako phunziroli limagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera ya shuga ndikupereka magazi maulendo ena anayi: theka la ola, ola limodzi, 1.5 ndi maola awiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga kungaperekedwe. Kuzindikira kumeneku sikolondola kwenikweni, chifukwa shuga mu mkodzo amatha kuwoneka pazifukwa zina zingapo zosagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga (mtundu 2).

Kuchiza matenda

Kodi kuchitira matenda a shuga a 2? Chithandizo chake chidzakhala chokwanira. Anthu omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri amapatsidwa chakudya choyambirira. Cholinga chake ndikufuna kuchepetsa kunenepa komanso kupitilirabe. Zakudya zoterezi zimaperekedwa kwa wodwala aliyense amene ali ndi vutoli, ngakhale iwo omwe sanapezeke ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Mapangidwe azinthu azisankhidwa payekha ndi adotolo omwe amapezekapo. Nthawi zambiri, kudya calorie tsiku ndi tsiku kumachepetsedwa ku 1000-1200 calories mwa akazi kapena 1200-1600 mwa amuna. Chiwerengero cha BJU (protein-fat-carbohydrate) mu mtundu 2 wa shuga ndi ofanana ndi woyamba: 10-35% -5-35%%%.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amathandizidwa ndikuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Muyenera kuyamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kusambira kapena kuyenda pafupipafupi kwa theka la ola 3-5 pa tsiku. Popita nthawi, katundu ayenera kuchuluka, kuwonjezera apo, mutha kuyambitsa zolimbitsa thupi zina zolimbitsa thupi.

Kuphatikiza pakukula kwambiri kwa thupi, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 omwe amakhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi azikhala ndi kuchepa kwa insulini (kuchepa kwa mayankho a minofu chifukwa cha insulin) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamagalimoto.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri chizikhala ngati kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ya magazi.

Mankhwala a antidiabetesic amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:

1. Zomvera;
2. Sulfonylurea akukonzekera iglinides. Kuchulukitsa katulutsidwe ka insulini chifukwa kuwonekera kwa maselo a beta;
3. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa glucose (acarbose ndi chingamu). Acarbose imalepheretsa alpha-glycosidases m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta, ndikuthandizira kulimbikitsa shuga mu chiwindi;
4. Insulin

Sensitizer (metamorphine ndi thiazolidinedione) pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 amadziwika kuti achepetsa chidwi cha thupi pakupeza insulin. Metamorphine imachepetsa kupanga shuga ndi chiwindi. Kuvomerezedwa kumachitika pakamwa pakudya, ndipo mupeze mankhwala omwe dokotala amupatsa. Thiazolidinediones cholinga chofuna kupititsa patsogolo insulini, amawononga glucose mu zotumphukira zimakhala.

Jakisoni wa insulini amangopatsidwa gawo lokhazikika la matendawa, pamene zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi ndi mankhwala antidiabetic sangathenso kukwaniritsa ntchito yawo kapena palibe zotsatira zochizira zam'mbuyomu.

Zatsopano pamankhwala

Kuphatikiza pa njira zachikhalidwe zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2, pali zinthu zinanso zingapo zomwe asayansi apeza. Ambiri a iwo sanatsimikizirebe kuchita kwawo, chifukwa chake amasankhidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.

CHIKWANGWANI chidzaperekanso thandizo kwa iwo omwe amachepetsa thupi pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Kubzala cellulose pachimake, imachotsa msanga zinthu zoopsa m'thupi, komanso kuyamwa madzi ochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukulira m'mimba, CHIKWANGWANI chimapangitsa munthu kumva kukhala wokhuta komanso m'mimba kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azitsitsidwa kangapo mwachangu komanso asamve njala.

Njira yoyenera (koma pokhapokha ngati njira yopewetsera matenda a shuga a 2) ndi njira ya Buraev, yotchedwanso "mankhwala azitsamba." Zinachitidwa poyesera pa gulu la odzipereka mu 2010 ku Sredneuralsk. Avereji ya odwala ndi zaka 45-60, maphunziro ake ndi masiku 21.

Tsiku lililonse, anthu ankadya nyama komanso masamba. Zina mwa zosakaniza ndizapadera monga izi: khungwa la aspen, mafuta am'mimba, phula, mafuta amkati ndi madzi a mabulosi. Zinthu zonsezi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi zakudya zomwe zinalembedwedwa Na. 9 ndi 7. Kuphatikiza apo, onse omwe anachita nawo kafukufukuyu adayezetsa zamankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mayeso angapo a labotale.

Posachedwa, njira yatsopano yothandizira maselo a stem yakhala yofunikira. Wodwala yemwe ali kuchipatala chamankhwala asanafike pa opaleshoni amatenga kuchuluka koyenera kwa zinthu zakuthupi posankha dokotala. Maselo atsopano amakula ndikufalitsidwamo, zomwe zimayambitsidwa m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Zachilengedwe zimangoyamba kufunafuna "zopanda" kanthu, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhazikika pamenepo, ndikupanga mtundu wa "chigamba" pazowonongeka. Mwanjira imeneyi, sikuti kapamba yekha amabwezeretsedwa, komanso ziwalo zina zingapo. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa sizifunikira mankhwala owonjezera.

Njira ina yatsopano ndi autohemotherapy. Mwazi wina umatengedwa kuchokera kwa wodwalayo, wophatikizidwa ndi yankho lomwe limaperekedwa mwakachetechete ndikukhazikika. Ndondomeko kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndikuyambitsa katemera wokonzekera. Ziyeso zikupitilizabe, koma ngati chithandizo choterechi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa, ndizotheka kuchiritsa ngakhale matenda ashuga kwambiri, ndikulepheretsa zovuta zina.

Kupewa matenda

Kuti mupewe izi komanso kuti mudziteteze, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo osavuta:

• Khalani ndi thupi labwinobwino;
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi;
• Zakudya zoyenera;
• Sungani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamilingo yovomerezeka, komanso kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol;
• Dzisamalire bwino;
• Tengani Mlingo wochepa wa aspirin;
• Mkhalidwe wamakhalidwe.

Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kulemera kwanu nthawi zonse. Izi zimachitika bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lamiyala yambiri. Ngakhale kutaya pang'ono ma kilogalamu kungachepetse kufunika kwa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Popewa, ndikofunikira kusankha masewera kapena zochitika zomwe zingakulitse kugunda kwa mtima.

Tsiku lililonse, muyenera kukhala ndi theka la ola lanu mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osiyanasiyana. Akatswiri amalangizidwanso kuti aphatikizire masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kukhazikika mu masewera olimbitsa thupi sikofunikira, chifukwa masewera olimbitsa thupi akhoza kukhala oyenda nthawi yayitali, ntchito zapakhomo kapena m'munda.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, zomwe zimachotsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya zamafuta, mowa, ufa ndi shuga. Sikoyenera kusiya izi kwathunthu; kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kudya pafupipafupi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kumathandizira kukhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino.

Kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa makamaka m'miyendo yanu, chifukwa ndi gawo ili la thupi lomwe limadwala kwambiri chifukwa chamankhwala osayenera a shuga. Kutenga aspirin kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, mikwingwirima ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatenda amtima ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga a digiri yachiwiri. Onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana moyenera ndi dokotala.

Asayansi akhala akutsimikizira kuti kupsinjika, nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa zimakhudza mwachindunji kagayidwe ka zinthu.Mkhalidwe wakuthupi ndikuthalumpha mwadzidzidzi munjira yakuwonjezeka kapena kutsika imakhudza thanzi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, kukhala wodekha pamavuto amoyo ndi chisokonezo kungakhudze kukula kwa matendawo.

Mavuto a shuga

Ngati matenda amtundu wa 2 asachiritsidwe pakapita nthawi, zotsatirapo za matendawo zimatha kukhala zoopsa. Zovuta zazikulu:

• Matenda a shuga
• Kutupa;
• Zilonda.

Njira yoyamba imapezeka mwa odwala omwe akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri, ngati akukhala osangalala nthawi zonse. Mwazi wa magazi umafika pachimake chovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi atheretu.

Asanapange matenda, amadandaula kuti akumva ludzu kwambiri komanso akukodza kwambiri. Mu 50% ya milandu, zizindikiro zotere za matenda ashuga 2 zimayambitsa kukhumudwa, chikomokere ndi kufa. Pakuwonetsa koyamba kwa zizindikiro (makamaka ngati munthu akudziwa za matenda ake), muyenera kufunsa dokotala yemwe akupatseni kuyambitsa kwa mayankho apadera ndi makulidwe owonjezera a insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, miyendo nthawi zambiri imatupa chifukwa choti mitsempha yamagazi imavulazidwa komanso mphamvu yanyumba imachepa. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndizowawa zowawa komanso zowopsa zomwe zimayamba chifukwa chovala nsapato zosavulala kapena matenda ammiyendo kapena zikwangwani zosavuta. Wodwalayo amatha kumva kuti ali ndi "zotupa" pakhungu, miyendo yake yotupa ndi kumatulutsa, ndipo ngakhale kukonzedwa kochepa kumachiritsa kangapo. Miyendo imatha.

Zilonda zam'mimba zimakula makamaka pamapazi, nthawi zina, pamiyendo. Ndizacidziwikire kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndiwachilengedwe mwa odwala okha omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Pa magawo oyamba, kupweteka kwapang'ono kumawonekera m'dera la neoplasm, koma pakapita nthawi, zilonda zimawonjezeka kukula kwake, zolembera zokhala ndi mafungo osasangalatsa mkati.

Ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chapanthawi yake, mafinya amasiya bala, zilonda zimapola pang'onopang'ono. Vutoli likanyalanyazidwa, chilonda chidzafika mufupa, kulowa mkati mwa ziwalo. Gangrene amatha kupanga pamenepo. Muzochitika zotere, kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni kumafunikira, mwanjira yapamwamba kwambiri - kudula miyendo kwathunthu.