Hyperglycemia ndi mkhalidwe wa thupi pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kupitilira muyeso. Ndi zochulukirapo, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga vuto la hyperosmolar kapena hyperglycemic, lomwe limayambitsa kulumala ngakhale kufa. Pali hyperglycemia yofatsa, yochepa komanso yoopsa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a postprandial pomwe misempha ya glucose imakwera mukangodya. Komanso, hyperglycemia imakonda kupezeka mwa iwo komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Gulu
Hyperglycemia ndi matenda omwe amatenga mitundu ingapo nthawi imodzi. Onsewa amasiyana mumapangidwe amapangidwe ndi njira yowonekera. Muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa hyperglycemia womwe muli nawo kuti mupewe kuukira. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito magulu awa:
- Matenda a m'mimba - amapezeka chifukwa cha pathologies a kapamba;
- Emotional - imachitika chifukwa chogwedezeka mwamphamvu m'maganizo;
- Alimentary - limachitika mutatha kudya;
- Hormonal - imachitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa mahomoni.
Matenda a hyperglycemia
Matenda a hyperglycemia amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okha. Chomwe chimatithandizira kudziwa kuti matenda a pancreas ndi osakwanira chifukwa sangathe kupanga insulini yokwanira. Komanso, cholowa cham'tsogolo chimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa izi. Matenda oopsa ochitika m'magazi (hyperglycemia) amakhala pambuyo pakudya, kapena amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudya zakudya, komanso kusala kudya komwe kumayamba chifukwa cha njala yayitali. Matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia amapezeka m'magawo otsatirawa:
- Zosavuta - kuchuluka kwa glucose kuposa 6.7 mmol / l;
- Avereji - pamwambapa 8.3 mmol / l;
- Kulemera - pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / L.
Mitsempha hyperglycemia
Alimentary hyperglycemia ndi mkhalidwe wakuthupi wamthupi momwe mulingo wa glucose umatuluka pambuyo poti munthu wadya chakudya. Chizindikirochi chimafika poyerekeza ndi maola angapo pambuyo pokhazikitsa. Izi sizimafunikira chithandizo chapadera, popeza kuchuluka kwa glucose payokha kumadzazolowereka pakapita nthawi.
Emogional hyperglycemia
Emotional hyperglycemia imachitika patachitika chithaphwi chamanjenje, yomwe imayambitsa kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro. Pakakhala zochuluka kwambiri m'magazi, thupi limaleka kupanga glycogeneis, koma limayamba kutaya kuchuluka kwa gluconeogeneis ndi glycogenolysis m'magazi. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti pali kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Hormonal hyperglycemia
Hormonal hyperglycemia imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko akumasulidwa kwa mahomoni ena m'magazi. Chizindikirochi chimakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro, glucagon, glucocorticoids, catecholamines.
Zifukwa
Hyperglycemia ndi matenda omwe amatha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zifukwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga angayambitse kudwala kumene. Uwu ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka mwa anthu 10 aliwonse padziko lapansi. Cholinga chake ndimapangidwe osakwanira a insulin ndi kapamba. Ndiwo mahomoni omwe amapangidwa kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri, insulin imapangidwa musanadye, koma odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, maselo sangathe kuthana ndi shuga lokwanira.
- Khansa yapakansa;
- Hyperthyroidism - Kupanga kwambiri kwa mahomoni ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro;
- Chithandizo cha mankhwala ena;
- Kutupa kwapancreatic;
- Zosokoneza zambiri;
- Kukhalapo kwa zotupa mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro;
- Ma neoplasms woopsa m'thupi;
- Cushing's Syndrome.
Zizindikiro
Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa tanthauzo la hyperglycemia. Matenda omwe apezeka munthawi yake amatha kuyang'aniridwa mosavuta komanso kupewa kuteteza zotsatira zoyipa. Mukachedwa, mumakhala pachiwopsezo cha ketoacidosis kapena hyperosmolar coma. Mikhalidwe yotere imatha kupha mosavuta, chifukwa chake, imafunikira thandizo loyambirira. Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zitha kuzindikirika ndikuwonetsa izi:
- Kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi;
- Mutu ndi chizungulire;
- Kukula ludzu;
Chidwi cha nkhawa;- Kutopa, kugona;
- Shuga wambiri;
- Kuwona koperewera.
Chidwi cha nkhawa;Mukanyalanyaza mawonekedwe a hyperglycemia kwa nthawi yayitali, mutha kukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu. Akhozanso kudziwa momwe zilili. Mkulu shuga amapangitsa:
- Matenda a pakhungu ndi candidiasis;
- Kuchepetsa kowoneka bwino;
- Kuchiritsa kwakanthawi kwamabala aliwonse pakhungu;
- Kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wamanjenje, chifukwa cha momwe chidwi chimagwirira;
- Mavuto am'mimba.
Zizindikiro
Kuzindikira hyperglycemia ndikosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuyeserera magazi, momwe mungathere kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa magazi, kwamagazi am'magazi, kuyesa kwamkodzo, komanso kuyesa kwa glucose kumachitika. Kuzindikira kwakuthupi kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zovuta zonse mthupi, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuchita chithandizo chokwanira.
Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wokhazikika, kuyezetsa kwa C-peptide, kuyesa kwa glucose pakamwa, ndikuzindikira ma antibodies kupita ku kapamba kumachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku amachitika kwa gluogosylated hemoglobin.
Ngati hyperglycemia ikanyalanyazidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito ya ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe imasokonekera. Mtima, impso ndi chiwindi zimavutika kwambiri ndi shuga wambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kufunsana ndi madotolo apadera akatswiri: a neurologist, gynecologist, urologist, cardiologist ndi endocrinologist. Katswiri wamaso angafunikire kuyang'aniridwa.
Hyperglycemia mwa ana
Hyperglycemia mwa ana ndiyofala. Kuzindikira koteroko kumapangidwa ngati kulumikizana kwawo kwa glucose kosaposa kupitirira 6.5 mmol / L, ndipo atatha kudya zoposa 9 mmol / L. Hyperglycemia imatha kupezekanso mwa akhanda. Akatswiri sangadziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda amenewo. Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imachitika mwa iwo omwe amabadwa ndi kulemera kwa 1.5 kg kapena kuchepera. Komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi ana omwe amayi awo ali ndi pakati amakhala ndi sepsis, meningitis kapena encephalitis.
Popeza kusakhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali pakakhala chithandizo choyenera, hyperglycemia imatsogolera pakupanga zovuta zovuta. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa kufa kwa maselo aubongo, omwe angayambitse edema kapena hemorrhage wamphamvu.
Choopsa chachikulu cha izi ndi kusowa kwamadzi komanso kuchepa thupi kwambiri. Izi ndi zopangidwa ndi kukula kwa matenda a endocrine gland. Ngati hyperglycemia yapezeka mwa mwana, amapatsidwa mlingo wa insulin nthawi yomweyo.
Thandizo loyamba
Ndi hyperglycemia, wodwalayo ayenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake. Ngati izi zikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha 14 mmol / l, ndikofunikira kuperekera kukonzekera kwa Humalog kapena Humulin insulin. Zojambula zawo ndizifupi komanso za ultrashort. Pambuyo pa jekeseni, imwani malita 1-1,5 amadzi oyera. Pambuyo povutitsidwa, yang'anani shuga wamagazi anu ola lililonse. Lowetsani insulin mpaka chiwerengero chibwerere mwakale. Ngati zotere sizikuthandizira kukula kwa shuga, muyenera kuyimba ambulansi.
Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mutha kutsuka m'mimba ndi yankho la soda: tengani supuni za 1-2 pa lita imodzi ya madzi oyera. Njirayi imabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa acidity, kotero pambuyo pake muyenera kumwa madzi ambiri am mchere. Mukakulitsa kholo, pukutani thaulo ndikuvala pakhungu. Itanani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemic, muyenera kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala. Adzakulemberani mulingo woyenera komanso nthawi yomwe mumamwa mankhwala. Komanso musaiwale kutsatira kadyedwe, kanizani mashuga komanso zakudya zoyipa. Pitani m'masewera, yendani momwe mungathere mu mpweya wabwino. Musaiwale kuti mumakayezetsa kuchipatala pafupipafupi komwe kungathandize magawo oyambilira kuti akhumudwitse kwambiri. Zochita zosavuta izi zikuthandizani kuti mulingo wa glucose ukhale bwino.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha hyperglycemia ndicholinga chofuna kuthana ndi matendawa omwe adalimbikitsa kudumpha kwa glucose mthupi. Chithandizo chokhacho chomwe chithandizira kuchotsera matenda amenewa kamodzi kokha. Pa chithandizo ndikofunikira kuwunika nthawi zonse shuga m'magazi: m'mawa, mutatha kudya, musanagone. Ngati masana muli ndi vuto lochulukirapo, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Izi zitha kubweretsa kukula kwa zovuta zamagulu zomwe zimayambitsa kupatuka mu ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati.
Kuwongolera kuukira kwa hyperglycemia, mlingo wa insulin wokhazikika umaperekedwa. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kumasuka ndikutsatira mawonekedwe a thupi lanu. Mwachizolowezi, chithandizo chotere chimakuthandizani kuti mubwezeretse mofulumira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ngati jakisoni imodzi sakutulutsa, patatha mphindi 20, insulin imayendetsedwanso. Atayimitsa kuukira, munthu amatha kubwerera kumoyo wawo.
Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a dotolo, komanso kuwerenganso zakudya zanu. Njira yokhayo yophatikizika yomwe ingathandize kugonjetseratu hyperglycemia.
Zotsatira zake
Hyperglycemia ndi matenda omwe amasiya zotsatirapo zake. Ndizowopsa makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ndi kukula kwa matenda awa, machitidwe onse mthupi amachepa, chifukwa chomwe zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu. Kunyalanyaza kwa nthawi yayitali kwa hyperglycemia kumabweretsa kukula kwa mtima kulephera, stroke, thrombosis, vuto la mtima, ischemia ndi matenda ena akuluakulu. Mavuto a hyperglycemia ndi awa:
- Polyuria - kuwonongeka kwa impso, momwe mumatuluka mkodzo wamphamvu. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte m'thupi kumachepa, komwe kumakhumudwitsa kuchuluka kwamchere wamchere.
- Glucosuria ndichinthu chodabwitsa chomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumalowa m'magazi. Izi zimakhudza impso.
- Ketoacidosis ndi chodabwitsa momwe matupi a ketone amawonekera m'thupi. Amalowa mkodzo ndi magazi.
- Ketonuria ndi vuto lomwe matupi a ketone amachotsedwa mkodzo.
- Ketoacidotic chikomachi ndi chodwala chamthupi chomwe chimayambitsidwa chifukwa chodumphadumpha kwakukulu pamatumbo a ketone mthupi. Itha kuzindikirika ndikusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, kutentha thupi. Zitha kuthandizira kupuma, kukokana, kusazindikira, komanso kulephera mtima.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi hyperglycemia, muyenera kudya moyenera. Choyamba, muyenera kukana zinthu zovulaza ndi mafuta osavuta, omwe amakulitsa msanga shuga. Yesani kutsatira malangizo awa:
- Idyani nthawi 5-6 patsiku, yopuma kuposa maola 4;
- Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamapuloteni muzakudya zanu;
- Imwani madzi oyera ambiri momwe mungathere;
- Idyani zamasamba ndi zipatso zatsopano monga momwe mungathere;
- Pewani zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri;
- Yang'anani kayendedwe ka masana ndi kupuma;
- Pewani yokazinga, mafuta komanso zonunkhira.
