Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi magazi okwanira - zoyenera kuchita ndi zomwe zimalumikizana ndi chiyani?

Mtolankhani wazachipatala Wachingelezi adafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku yemwe adafufuza za ubale womwe umapezeka pakati pa glycated hemoglobin ndi chimfine. Kuyesaku kunakhudza odzipereka 4662 azaka za 45-79, ambiri mwa iwo sanali kudwala matenda ashuga.

Mwa amuna omwe HbA1C sidapitilira 5% (chizolowezi kwa munthu wamkulu) ,imfa chifukwa chogundidwa ndi mtima komanso sitiroko (zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga) anali otsika kwambiri. Peresenti iliyonse yowonjezera ya hemoglobin yowonjezera imachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi 28%. Malinga ndi ziwerengerozi, 7% HbA1C imachulukitsa kufa ndi 63% poyerekeza ndi yabwinobwino. Koma ndi matenda ashuga, 7% ndi zotsatira zabwino!

Malinga ndi kuwonera kwa miliri, ku Russia kulibe odwala ashuga osaposa 8 miliyoni (90% ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2), mamiliyoni 5 a iwo sakayikira ngakhale shuga m'magazi awo. Mitundu yonse ya shuga imakhala maukosi othandizira omwe amawononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zamunthu, osanenapo kanthu kuti malo otsekemera ndi njira yabwino yoperekera mabakiteriya.

Koma, nthawi yomweyo, glucose yakhalapo ndipo izikhala gwero lalikulu lamphamvu minofu, ubongo, ziwalo. Kodi mungapeze bwanji malo apakati awa, omwe amakulolani kukhala athanzi ndi chakudya choyatsidwa komanso moyo wopanda ntchito kwa anthu ambiri masiku ano?

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira shuga

Mawu oti "shuga wamagazi", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, amapangidwa ndi madokotala a Middle Ages, omwe amakhulupirira kuti zodandaula za pafupipafupi pakhungu, ludzu komanso kupita pafupipafupi kuchimbudzi zimayenderana ndi shuga wambiri mthupi.

Mu mbeera eno tugeraagerangako emigaso gy'ekyamagero - bwe kityo, amafuta gonna agasangiddwa. Kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kusinthidwa kuti maselo onse, ndipo choyambirira cha ubongo, alandire momasuka gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu, ndipo impso siziyesa mkodzo.

Kumbukirani mwana wodwala: dziko la acetone limatha kuzindikira kuzunzika, kusanza, kufooka, kugona. Ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya chamafuta, thupi la mwana limatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta.

Gawo la glucose yemwe amachokera kunja, chiwindi chimakhala mwa glycogen. Ndikusowa kwa glucose, mahomoni apadera amasintha chakudya chopatsa mphamvu kukhala glucose. Kusakanikirana kwa shuga m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic b.

Mahomoni ena amakhudzanso msinkhu wake:

1. Adrenaline, norepinephrine, glucocorticoids - mahomoni ophatikizidwa m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana a gren adrenal;
2. Glucagon - yambitsa pomwe shuga yayamba kutsika pansi;
3. "Mahomoni a timu" ya hypothalamus ndi gland pituitary m'mutu - amayang'anira kapangidwe ka adrenaline, kuthekera kwa glucocorticoids.

Ma mankhwala ena onga mahomoni amawonjezera shuga, koma njira zosinthira zimayendetsedwa kokha ndi insulin. Dongosolo lamanjenje la autonomic limalimbikitsa kugwira kwawo: kuchepa kumawongoleredwa ndi dipatimenti ya parasympathetic, ndipo kuwonjezeka kumayendetsedwa ndi anthu achifundo.

Kodi pali mtundu uliwonse wa glucose wa tsiku ndi tsiku? Zizindikiro zochepa pamtambo zimatha kuwonedwa m'ma 3-6 oveni m'mawa. Kusokonekera mu njira za metabolic kumawonetsedwa mu glucose okwera (hyperglycemia) ndikutsitsidwa (hypoglycemia). Zonsezi, ndipo mkhalidwe wina ndi wosayenera kwambiri chamoyo.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha shuga wambiri ndi chiyani?

Glucose amakhala ngati gwero lamphamvu pokhapokha kulowa mkati mwa cell. Potere, wochititsa wake ndi insulin wa insulin wopangidwa ndi kapamba. Ngati sikokwanira kapena pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zimatayika mphamvu yake yogwira, glucose imadziunjikira m'magazi, pomwe maselo akupitilira kufa ndi njala, kufunsa gawo latsopano la chakudya kuchokera kwa ife.

Glucose owonjezera osakonzedwa amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta a visceral, omwe amawaika ziwalo zamkati. Gawo lina la nkhokweyo limasunga chiwindi, ndikupanga glucose ngati siliperekedwa mokwanira ndi chakudya.

Ngati magazi a shuga akwera masana, zoyenera kuchita zimatengera nthawi yoyezera: musanadye kapena pambuyo pake. Kuti chakudya chisanduke mphamvu yamagetsi, m'malo motulutsidwa mu “depot yamafuta”, kupanga zofunikira za mavuto azaumoyo watsopano, ndikofunikira kusamala bwino.

Glucose owonjezera, komanso kuperewera, kumawononga thupi. Ziphuphu mkati mwake zimagwira monga othandizira, ndikupanga mitundu yambiri yama protein ndi acid.

Njira yotupa m'maselo imatchedwa glycation. Zotsatira zake ndi kuphatikiza kwa poizoni komwe kumatha kukhalabe mthupi mpaka chaka chimodzi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kuwonjezeka kwa glucose, kupha poizoni kumachitika kwambiri.

Palinso chiopsezo china chomwe chimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma radicals omasuka. Uku ndi kupsinjika kwa oxidative, komwe kumapangitsa kukula kwa matenda akulu:

• Ma retinopathies, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe;
• Matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi;
• Kulephera kwamphamvu;
• Kusintha kwina muubongo;
• Kulimbitsa kukalamba kwa thupi lonse.

Osachepera, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Hyperglycemia

Nanga bwanji ngati shuga amadzuka? Shuga wambiri m'magazi amatha kukhala njira yosinthira, ndikutsimikizira kupatsidwa mphamvu kwa minofu pakudya kwambiri (ndi kupsinjika kwa minofu, kupweteka kwambiri, kuwopsa, mantha. Kusiyana koteroko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakanthawi ndipo sikupereka chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Ngati glucometer nthawi zonse imawonetsa zizindikiritso za shuga zochulukirapo, zikutanthauza kuti imadziunjikira m'magazi mwachangu kuposa momwe thupi limakwaniritsira. Muzochitika zoterezi, pamakhala vuto lina la endocrine: kusokonekera kwa kapamba, kuledzera kwa thupi, kuwoneka kwa shuga mumayeso amkodzo.

Hyperglycemia imadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri, kukodza kwambiri, komwe shuga amamasulidwa ambiri, khungu ndi nembanemba zimawoneka ngati zowuma.

Hyperglycemia sikuti limangokhala vuto la odwala matenda ashuga: chithokomiro, chiwindi, hypothalamus (gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira timadzi timene timatayika) ndi mbali zina za endocrine, ngati ntchito zawo zili ndi vuto. Vutoli limaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka chitetezo chathupi, zotupa, kusokonekera kwa kugonana, ndi kufooka kwathunthu.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka ndi kuwerengera kwa glucometer kuyambira 5.5 mmol / L (otchedwa "shuga wanjala", wopanda katundu). Ngati shuga wanu wamagazi akwezedwa pang'ono, kumawunikira kowonjezereka kukuuzani zomwe muyenera kuchita. Pa 6-7 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, mutha kuganiza za prediabetes, ndikuwonetsa kusintha kwa moyo (zakudya zama carb ochepa, kuwongolera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndi malingaliro anu, kuyang'anira mayendedwe a shuga) popanda chithandizo cha mankhwala.

Wina angayesere kukula kwa hyperglycemia ngati zina mwazizindikiro zizindikiridwa:

1. Udzu wokhazikika;
2. Kwambiri mucous nembanemba;
3. Kuchulukitsa pokodza;
4. Kuyenda m'malo a pubic komanso pakhungu lonse;
5. Mavuto owoneka;
6. Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa;
7. Kutopa, kugona;
8. Mabala amachiritso aatali;
9. Dzanzi ndi kukokana kwa miyendo;
10. Matenda owononga pafupipafupi, osachiritsika;
11. Kupuma pang'ono ndi kununkhira kwa acetone.

Ngati pali shuga wambiri, mungatani? Poyamba, yerekezerani "kuchuluka kwa tsoka", ndiye kuti, fanizirani momwe mumayendera ndi zomwe zimachitika.

Kodi shuga amadziwika kuti ndi chiyani

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kudawerengedwa zaka zapakati pa makumi awiri pambuyo poyesa odwala oposa chikwi, onse athanzi komanso odwala matenda ashuga. Poyamba, muyezo wa plasma glucose ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / l popanda katundu. Mu yachiwiri - kuchokera pa 7 ("njala" shuga) mpaka 10 mmol / l (mutatsitsa). Zotsatira zake zimawonekera kale pomwe glucometer imakwera 6.0 mmol / L.

Ngati shuga wambiri ndi wabwinobwino, ndingatani? Pomwe chimbudzi chikasokonekera komanso glucose akamalowa pang'ono, msinkhu wake umayamba kuchuluka. Ngati mulibe insulin m'thupi (yokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1), kapena singagwire ntchito zake chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi cha zolandila ma cell kuma cell (omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2), thupi sililandira mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira, motero . Kuthana ndi shuga owonjezera, dongosolo lama genitourinary limadzaza impso, chifukwa chake kupita ku chimbudzi kukuchulukirachulukira.

Ngati shuga wamwazi amakhala wambiri nthawi zonse, imakhuthala ndipo simalowanso m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Kusokonezeka kwa kuperekera magazi si vuto lodzikongoletsa mu mawonekedwe a network ya varicose pakhungu, koma vuto lalikulu kwa thupi lonse.

Ngati pali shuga wambiri, mungatani? Kusintha kwa moyo wanu wonse kukuthandizani kuwongolera shuga: zakudya zosachepera carb, kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo, kuwunika mbiri yanu ya glycemic.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa shuga?

Mwazi wamagazi - atani? Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane sikuti chifukwa chokhala ndi mantha, chifukwa kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi ya mayeso, chifukwa chake sichingakhale ndicholinga.

Mapulogalamu a glycated hemoglobin samatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena chakudya, kupsinjika kwamalingaliro ndi thupi. Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira am'magazi chimawerengeredwa ngati peresenti. Mitsempha yamagaziyi imakhala ndi moyo masiku 120, ndikofunikira kuti mukamayesedwa miyezi inayi iliyonse.

Kuti mutembenuze kuchuluka kwathu kukhala zochulukirapo kuposa za ife, gwiritsani ntchito tebulo.

M'pofunika kuganizira zotsatirazi:

• Kuchuluka kwa shuga sikudalira jenda.
• Pa sabata la 24-28, azimayi oyembekezera amapeza mayeso a maola awiri omwe amawonetsa kulolera kwa glucose.
• Pambuyo pa zaka 40, onani hemoglobin wanu wa glycated katatu pachaka.
• Mu ana atatha zaka 5, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala pafupi ndi akulu: mu makanda mpaka chaka - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l, mpaka asanu - 3.3-5.0 mmol / l.
• Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi hemoglobin.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula?

1. Kuthamanga shuga kumaperekedwa m'mawa pambuyo pakupita maola 8-12 chakudya. Ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo kugona bwino, osamwa mowa ndi maswiti ambiri usiku.
2. Sinthani zomwe mumadya komanso momwe mungakhalire patsiku lachiwonetsero sichofunika, chifukwa zotsatira zake sizikhala cholinga.
3. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumadzetsa mkwiyo: wodwalayo amapatsidwa 75 g ya glucose ndipo zotsatira zake zimayang'aniridwa kawiri (ndi nthawi ya ola limodzi). Kusanthula ndikofunikira pakuzindikira prediabetes ndi matenda ashuga, ngakhale ndizovuta panthawi. Pakati pa miyeso yomwe simutha kudya, kuda nkhawa, kusuntha kwambiri.
4. Glycated hemoglobin, kupeza shuga m'magazi, ndi njira yofulumira yomwe imawunika zotsatira kwa miyezi itatu. Koma kuyesedwa kotere sikoyenera kwa amayi apakati. Osamalandira mu matenda opatsirana owopsa. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa wothandizira wa labotale kuti muthane ndi izi povunda.
5. Mutha kuyang'ana shuga wanu ndi mita ya shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya (mutatha kudya maola awiri), kuti musinthe mlingo wa insulin.

Mukamayang'ana shuga kunyumba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mfundo zomwe akuyenera kutsata, chifukwa kwa munthu wathanzi komanso odwala matenda ashuga amasiyana.

Momwe mungayang'anire shuga ndi glucometer?

1. Werengani malangizo;
2. Manja azitsukidwa ndi madzi otentha ndi sopo;
3. Chala cha mphete (nthawi zambiri kumanzere) chimayenera kuti chiume ndi chovala tsitsi, ndibwino kuti musamwe mowa (ndikupotoza zotsatira zake);
4. Ikani gawo loyeserera mu mita ndikudikirira chizindikiro cha mawu;
5. Ndi cholembera chapadera kapena chocheperako, kuboola chala chanu;
6. Dontho loyamba liyenera kupukutidwa ndi poto wowuma wa thonje;
7. Lachiwiri ndi kulumikizidwa ndi Mzere wozungulira pambuyo poti chithunzi cha dontho chioneke. Pambuyo masekondi angapo, mutha kuwerenga zotsatirazo.

Kukwezeka kwa magazi: choti achite?

Osati kapamba kokha amene angakhale munthu wabwinobwino wa shuga. Ngati matendawa atazindikira kuti ali ndi chiwindi kapena chithokomiro cha pituitary gland neoplasm, chithandizo chachikulu chamankhwala chiyenera kuthandizidwa.

Zakudya za shuga zambiri

Ndi shuga wambiri, endocrinologist amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale chakudya chamafuta ochepa - tebulo No. 9. Mkhalidwe wake waukulu ndikupatula zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chakudya chamagulu: shuga, makeke, pasitala, mbatata, maswiti, uchi, uchi, zakumwa zotsekemera ndi zakumwa.

Maziko azakudya ayenera kukhala masamba omwe amakula pamwamba pa nthaka (nyemba, zukini, nkhaka, kabichi, tomato, zina zambiri), mwatsopano. Chithandizo cha kutentha chizikhala chochepa. Zogulitsa mapuloteni: nyama, nsomba, mazira, mkaka, ngati mungagwiritse ntchito moyenera, popanda mkate ndi mbale zoyipa zam'maso komanso bwino m'mawa, musakhudze zomwe zikuwonetsa gluecometer.

Mukamasankha zogulitsa, zimawongolera zomwe zili ndi kalori ndi index ya glycemic. Kuphatikiza pa shuga, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mchere m'mbale.

Nanga bwanji zotsekemera?

Zokometsera zopangidwa ndi ma carcinogen, zimathetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi m'maiko otukuka. Mulimonsemo, mlingo wa saccharin, aspartame, sucracite uyenera kukhala woperewera. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma analogu achilengedwe monga stevia ndikolandilidwa ngati thupi silikuyankha ndi zotsatira zosayenera mu mawonekedwe a matenda a dyspeptic.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuchepetsa shuga

Minofu, aerobic, Cardio katundu amasintha kagayidwe kachakudya michere, kukulitsa mayamwidwe a shuga ndi minofu. Pambuyo olimbitsa thupi, thanzi ndi zimasintha - zofunika zinthu kwa matenda a glycemia.

Sikuti aliyense angayendere kilabu yolimbitsa thupi, koma anthu ambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njinga, kusambira, kukwera maulendo, kuvina, tenisi, badminton. Ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mu mpweya watsopano, chifukwa chipinda chamatalala chimatha kupangitsa hypoglycemia - chinthu chowopsa. Nthawi yogwira iyenera kuperekedwa masiku osachepera asanu pa sabata kwa mphindi 30-60.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku mankhwala?

Zowonekeratu kuti chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha matenda ashuga ndichakudya choyenera, chifukwa mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga ndi 30% yokha. Ngati munthu wathanzi amatha kudya zakudya zamafuta 300 patsiku, ndiye kuti pali odwala matenda ashuga ambiri komanso 85 g.

Koma ngakhale nditamadya kwambiri, sikuti aliyense amatha kuwongolera shuga pa 100%. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 2 komanso kulephera kwaimpso.

Mlingo ndi nthawi yomwe dokotala angafotokozere ziyenera kuonedwa mosamalitsa. Pakuwongolera shuga, mitundu inayi yamankhwala apangidwa yomwe imasiyana pakapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe kake kavuto.

• Zithandizo zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa insulini kwa ma receptors ndi biguanides ndi thiazolinediones (Glucofage, Metformin, Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone).
• Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma cell a insulin b-cell ndi mankhwala a sulfonylurea (Diabeteson, Maninil) ndi dongo.
• Exerccinomimetics omwe amathandizira kuwongolera kulemera ndi chidwi cha chakudya pothandizira ma enzymes apadera - ma insretin omwe amakhudzidwa ndi metabolic process (Viktoza, Yanuviya, Baeta, Galvus).
• Mankhwala omwe amalamulira kuyamwa kwa shuga m'makoma a matumbo (Glucobai, Acarbose).

Musatchule mankhwala a hypoglycemic a matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, vuto la mtima (CHD, kugunda kwa mtima), stroke, kutenga pakati, Hypersensitivity ku zigawo zamankhwala, muubwana, mumkhalidwe wa matenda a shuga. Amercinomimetics amagwira okhawo pamlingo waukulu wa glucometer.

Opaleshoni, kuvulala kwambiri, kutenga pakati, mawonekedwe owopsa a matenda ena, komanso kusakwanira kwa mapiritsi a wodwalayo, amapatsidwa insulin. Jekeseni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati monotherapy kapena chithandizo chovuta.

Ndili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa, ngakhale dokotala waluso, poganizira msinkhu, contraindication, gawo la nthendayi, concomitant pathologists, sizosavuta kusankha. Ndipo kuyezetsa thanzi lanu kumakhala koopsa.

Ngati shuga wambiri samathandizidwa

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukonda 2 matenda ashuga:

• Kuonjezera thupi (magawo awiri a kunenepa kwambiri);
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (pamtunda wa 140/90 mm Hg;
• Mitundu yambiri ya cholesterol yonse "yoyipa";
• Polycystic ovary;
• Matenda oopsa a m'matumbo (banja likakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse);
• Amayi omwe abereka ana omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu (kuyambira 4.5 kg);
• Amayi oyembekezera apezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Shuga wokwanira kwakanthawi sichimawonekera, koma kusowa kwa zizindikiritso sikumangokhala pazovuta zazikulu: hyperglycemic coma, diabetesic ketoacidosis, yomwe ikufunika kuthandizidwa mwachangu. Mkhalidwe wovuta ndiwofunika kwa 10% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ena onse amafa pambuyo povulala mwendo, kudwala mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwaimpso, ndikuwona.

Mafuta osokoneza bongo amasintha mitsempha yamagazi. Kashiamu imakhazikika pamakoma oyipa, dongosolo la magazi limayamba pang'onopang'ono kukhala ngati chitoliro chamadzi. Mukakhala ndi shuga, zotengera zake zimathothoka ndipo zimayamba kupangika. Munthu wathanzi alibe glucose wambiri.

Mwa amuna masekeli 75, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumazungulira malita 5. Kwa shuga wabwinobwino (5.5 mmol / L), supuni ya glucose (5 g) iyenera kusungunuka. Kuti musasunthike, ma microdoses a glucose ndi mahomoni omwe amayang'anira bwino amalowa m'magazi tsiku lililonse masana.

Chifukwa chomwe shuga amadzikweza, komanso zoyenera kuchita koyambirira, kuyezetsa kwathunthu kumati. Inde, sikuti odwala matenda ashuga okha omwe amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pa glucometer - mankhwala ena (okodzetsa, corticosteroids, β-blockers, antidepressants, njira yoletsa kubereka kwa mahomoni), kupsinjika kwakukulu, kuchepa kwa pituitary ndi adrenal gland, ndipo matenda amakulitsanso glucometer.

Kuphatikizana ndi dokotala dongosolo la mankhwala a matenda aliwonse, fotokozerani momwe mankhwala omwe akupatsidwayo amakhudzira shuga.

Ngati magazi a shuga atakwera kwambiri, ndiyenera kuchita chiyani? Kukula msanga kwakanthawi kochepa kumachitika ndi vuto la mtima, angina pectoris, kupweteka kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwa adrenaline, kuwukira khunyu, kuwotcha, kuvulala pamutu, komanso kuchitidwa opaleshoni yam'mimba. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndi chisonyezo.

Pafupifupi 6% ya anthu padziko lapansi masiku ano ali ndi matenda a shuga - matenda, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe ndi shuga wamagazi. Zinthu zakunja zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa, genetics imakhalanso ndi gawo, koma zambiri zimadalira tokha. Sinthani magawo anu ofunikira!

Pa kanema https - umagwirira thupi: shuga.