Zizindikiro za shuga mwa abambo komanso kuopsa kwake

Tinene nthawi yomweyo kuti matenda ashuga sangathe. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikusintha mtundu wa glucose, m'mawu ena, kufotokozera shuga. Mwamuna akakhala ndi shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, mavuto sakhazikika, ndipo ena amabwezeretsa nkhawa. Kukhala bwino ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga ndikwabwino, palibe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kukhala ndi moyo kumakhala kofanana ndi kwa amuna athanzi. Chifukwa cha matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kupewa ndikofunikira. Matenda a shuga amatha kupewedwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zosavuta zomwe zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro labwino.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda a shuga

Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Paubwana, amuna ambiri amadwala kuposa azimayi; pofika zaka 55, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga a mitundu yonseyi kumakhala komweko. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, wodwala aliyense wachitatu samadziwa kuti wadwala matenda ashuga, samva chilichonse ndipo akupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo womwe amakhala nawo, zomwe zimawonjezera zotsatira za matenda.

Polankhula za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa 30, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza matenda ochulukirapo (opitilira 90%) a 2 matenda. Nthawi zambiri mzaka zoyambirira kusanayambike kwa zovuta za metabolic, mtundu uwu wa shuga ulibe zizindikiro zotchulidwa, umatha kupezeka mothandizidwa ndi mayeso.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Kodi matendawa amayamba bwanji:

Zizindikirozi ndizosowa kwambiri nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri amuna amazindikira chimodzi kapena ziwiri za izo. Zimachitika kuti zizindikiro za shuga wambiri zimawonekera kwa masabata ochepa chabe poyambira matenda ashuga, pambuyo pake thupi limazolowera zinthu zatsopano, ndipo malingaliro osasangalatsa onse amatha.

Zizindikiro zomaliza za matenda ashuga mwa amuna zimachitika pambuyo pa zaka zingapo za moyo ndi shuga wambiri:

1. Kuchepetsa pang'ono kwa mabala ang'ono, mawonekedwe a scuffs kumapazi, m'dera la inguinal kapena axillary.
2. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa m'mimba, mapangidwe a "lifebuoy" wamafuta ochulukira mbali ndi pang'ono kumbuyo.
3. Kuyenda mwa amuna pa mbolo ya glans, mozungulira anus, mkati mwa urethra.
4. Mafangayi mkamwa, pa misomali, m'makola, pakhungu. Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amuna ndi balanitis kapena balanoposthitis. Zizindikiro zake ndi kuyabwa, kuyera, kuyera kwa mutu wa mbolo ndi / kapena khungu. Kutupa kumayambitsa kupweteka pakumagonana komanso pokodza.
5. Khungu lowuma, makamaka pamapazi, ana ang'ono ndi manja. Pambuyo pake, kutsekeka kwa khungu kumayamba, ndiye kuti mawanga ofiira amawonekera pamasamba a peel.
6. Kugwera miyendo, zala. Matenda a shuga amawonekeranso m'njira zosokoneza mu malo ena a pakhungu, kukokana usiku mu ana a ng'ombe.
7. Kuchepetsa chidwi cha mbolo ya glans, mavuto ndi okonzanso.
8. Masomphenya opanda pake. Zizindikiro zakuipa kwa matenda ashuga ku retina - bambo amatha kuwona chifunga, malo otuwa amatha kuonekera pamaso pake.
9. Black acanthosis ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosowa zakunja za matenda ashuga. Amawoneka ngati mawanga amtundu wakuda m'makutu akhungu, nthawi zambiri mumphepete kapena poyambira.

Amuna ena samazindikira zizindikirochi mpaka glucose atakwera kukhala manambala owopsa - 14 mmol / L ndi kukwera. Ndi hyperglycemia yapamwamba kwambiri, thupi limalephera kuwongolera kagayidwe, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kumachitika. Matupi a Ketone amayamba kulowa m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fungo la mkodzo lipite, mpweya wotuluka, komanso nthawi zina khungu. Mukanyalanyaza chizindikirocho, matendawa amatha kukulira m'masiku ochepa kuti akhale ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda amtundu wa 1 wama carbohydrate amadziwika ndi njira yofulumira. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi ofanana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, koma zimachitika pakapita maola. Shuga akukula msanga, m'masiku ochepa wodwala amatha kugwa. Amuna atatha 40, kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba 1 ndikosavuta. Ngati zizindikiro za shuga wambiri zidakwera mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimachulukirachulukira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati matenda apakati pa matenda pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 - Lada-shuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa amuna

Glucose ndiye chakudya champhamvu kwambiri m'thupi lathu, chochuluka chomwe timapeza kuchokera ku chakudya. Pambuyo pogaya chakudya ndikuphwanya shuga wovuta, glucose amalowa m'magazi. Kuti athe kupita patsogolo pama cell, thupi limafunikira insulini. Hormoni iyi imapangidwa ndi kapamba poyankha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Pa gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga mwa amuna, kukana insulini kukukula pang'onopang'ono. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi kudya kwambiri shuga m'magazi kuchokera ku zakudya zamatumbo ambiri. Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi minofu. Pa ntchito yotsika kwambiri, mtengo wake ndi wochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maselo onse ateteza mashuga osafunikira mwa iwo. Amatha kuchita izi m'njira imodzi: ponyalanyaza insulin, ndiye kuti, mwa kukulitsa kukana kwa insulin.

Zifukwa zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wa mtundu 2 mwa amuna:

1. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri Munthu akayamba kunenepa kwambiri, amakhala atalimbana kwambiri ndi insulin.
3. Kwachilengedwe mafuta. Kunenepa kwambiri koopsa komwe amuna amakhala nako pamimba. Zizindikiro zake: mafuta amasonkhana pakati pa ziwalo, m'mimba lalikulu limapangidwa. Chizindikiro cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi voliyumu yam'mimba yoposa 94 cm.
4. Kusagwira ntchito, kusowa kwa minofu. Mchere wocheperako umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo, ndizochuluka momwe umakhalira m'magazi.
5. Zinthu zoyipa. Kudziwiratu kwazakudya zoyipa zamatumbo zimatha kunenedweratu mwa kuphunzira mbiri ya abale apafupi. Chifukwa ichi sichosankha. Mwamuna wakhama yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino sakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga, ngakhale makolo ake onse akudwala nthendayi.
6. M'badwo. Pambuyo pa zaka 50, matenda a shuga kwa amuna amapezeka 30% pafupipafupi kuposa aang'ono. Madokotala amati izi zimachitika chifukwa chakulemera kwambiri komanso thanzi labwino. Onani nkhani - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu amuna patatha zaka 50.

Njira zoyesera

Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyananso za matenda ashuga mwa amuna ambiri nthawi zambiri zimangowoneka ndi shuga wambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika patatha zaka 5-7 matenda atayamba. Monga lamulo, kuwunika panthawiyi matendawa kumavumbula zowonjezera zingapo.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga kuyambira koyambirira:

1. Kusanthula kosavuta ndi glucose wamagazi; zitsanzo zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mtsempha kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mwa munthu wathanzi, zotsatira zake siziyenera kupitirira 5.9 mmol / l, ndi matenda a shuga - pamwamba 7. Ngati kuwunika kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga m'magazi, shuga pamwamba 6.1 ndi chenjezo. Ma glucometer amakhala ndi kutsika kochepa, chifukwa chake, kusanthula kwa labotali ndikofunikira kutsimikizira matendawa.
2. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumathandizira kuzindikira kuwonjezeka kwa insulin kukokana kwa prediabetes. Magazi amakokedwa kawiri pasanathe maola awiri, pakati pa zitsanzo zomwe wodwala amamwa. Zotsatira za muyeso wachiwiri pamtunda wa 7.8 umawerengeredwa ngati prediabetes, pamwamba pa 11.1 - monga matenda a shuga.

Pakati ndi okalamba ndikofunikira kuyesedwa zaka zitatu zilizonse, kwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga - chaka chilichonse.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga m'magawo osiyanasiyana

Njira yolipirira anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi yosavuta. Ngati matendawa adapezeka m'mayambiriro oyambirira, ndikokwanira kuchepa thupi, kuwonjezera ntchito (kuchokera pa mphindi 150 za maphunziro olimbitsa thupi pa sabata), kumanga minofu, ndi zakudya zama carb ochepa kuti muchepetse shuga. Kuchepetsa kukana kwa insulin, metformin (Siofor et al.) Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa. Zolakwika za zakudya zingathe kuwongoleredwa pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito acarbose (Glucobay).

Ngati matenda ashuga apezeka mwa bambo patatha zaka zingapo, ndiye kuti kudya, masewera ndi metformin kulipirira matendawa sizingakhale zokwanira. Pofika pano, insulin ikupezeka, ndiye kuti zikondwerero za kapamba zimayikidwa: miyambo ya glibenclamide (Maninil), glimepiride (Amaril), vildagliptin (Galvus) yamakono, sitagliptin (Januvia) ndi ena.

Ngati mumatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndipo mumakonza zofewa za pancreatic, insulin synthesis mu shuga imatha kupitilira zaka makumi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri shuga m'magazi akakhala labwinobwino, zovuta zake zimapitilirabe, ziphuphu zimachepera ndipo zimaleka kupanga insulini.

Pokhapokha insulini mwa munthu ikakhala yosakwanira kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, imayenera kubayidwa. Poyamba, jakisoni 1-2 patsiku ndikokwanira. Ngati kuphatikiza kwa insulini kwayima kwathunthu, njira ya insulin yothandizira imakhala yofanana ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga: kuchokera ma jakisoni anayi patsiku.

Mavuto ndi zotsatirapo zake

Mwa ochepa odwala matenda ashuga (osakwana 5%), mavuto amakula ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake. Pafupifupi amuna 15% ali ndi mwayi. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono ngakhale pang'ono osalamulira. Kwakukulu, kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga mwachindunji zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kulipidwa kwake.

Matenda a shuga ndi owopsa kwa onse, kupatula, matupi amthupi a bambo. Chomwe chimayambitsa ma pathologies ndi njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glycation, kapena shuga, omwe azikhala olimba nthawi zambiri ngati glucose wamagazi amawonjezeka. Choyamba, zotengera zomwe zimayamba kulumikizana ndi shuga zimavutika. Makoma awo amasiya kutaya mawu, amakhala osalimba, kusiya kugwira ntchito zawo. Ma capillaries ang'onoang'ono amawonongeka, malo a minofu amakhalapo popanda magazi. Zotsatira za hyperglycemia zimadziwika kwambiri mu ziwalo zomwe kugwira kwake ntchito sikungatheke popanda mitsempha yotalikira: impso ndi retina. Kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwiya zazikulu kumabweretsa kulimbitsa magazi kosalekeza, kangapo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi mikwingwirima mwa amuna.

Glycation ya hemoglobin wokhala ndi shuga wambiri amatha kufikira 20%, chifukwa chomwe maselo amakumana ndi vuto la oxygen nthawi zonse. Kuvutika ndi matenda ashuga ndi mitsempha. Neuropathies a kutengera kwina ndizomwe zimapangitsa kupweteka kosavomerezeka mu miyendo, zilonda zam'mapazi. Matenda a shuga amakhudza kuchuluka kwa amuna. Kuthamanga kwa magazi ku matupi a cavernous kumakhala kosakwanira, chidwi cha ziwalo zamkati chimachepa chifukwa cha neuropathy. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumayambitsa kuti ma sphincters amasiya kugwira ntchito mwachilungamo, kubwereza kumumvera kumachitika: umuna sukutuluka kunja, koma umalowa mu chikhodzodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chibadwa cha mwana chidziwike.

Kupewa

Kupatula pazinthu zomwe zimakulitsa mwayi wa matenda a shuga ndizochita zazikulu zothandizira kupewa. Kuchepetsa thupi kunenepa, kuchepa kwakanthawi kwa chakudya chamafuta, kuchotsa kwathunthu shuga (shuga, sucrose) kuchokera pachakudya, kuphunzitsidwa pafupipafupi kumatsimikizira kupewa kwa matenda ashuga. Ngakhale pa gawo la prediabetes, shuga atapita kale mopitilira muyeso, njira zodzitchinjiriza izi zimagwira mwa amuna 75%.