Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga, chifukwa pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa shuga ali aang'ono, monga mtundu 1, wokhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa 2, amatchedwa matenda a shuga a Modi.
MODI ndi chidule cha "kukhwima koyambirira matenda a shuga", omwe amatha kumasulira kuti "matenda akulu a shuga kwa achichepere." M'badwo womwe matendawa amalephera kupitirira zaka 25. Matenda a shuga a m'mankhwala amaphatikiza mitundu ingapo. Ena mwa iwo ali ndi zizindikiritso zoonekera zowonjezera shuga - ludzu ndi kuchuluka kwamkodzo, koma ambiri a iwo ndi asymptomatic ndipo amadziwika pokhapokha atawunika mayeso a udokotala.
Kusiyana kwa matenda a shuga a Modi kuchokera ku mitundu ina
Matenda a shuga a m'magazi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, gawo la odwala limachokera ku 2 mpaka 5% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi kusintha kwa majini, chifukwa chomwe zisumbu za Langerhans zimasokonekera. Awa ndi magulu a maselo apadera mu kapamba, momwe insulin imapangidwira.
Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale
- Matenda a shuga -95%
- Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
- Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
- Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%
Matenda a shuga am'mimba amapatsirana m'njira zodziwika bwino. Ngati mwana alandila jini losakhala bwino kuchokera kwa makolo ake, matendawo amayambira 95% ya milandu. Kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa majini ndi 50%. Wodwala m'mibadwo yam'mbuyomu ayenera kukhala ndi abale ake enieni omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a Mody, kuzindikira kwawo kumatha kumveka ngati matenda amtundu umodzi kapena 2, ngati matenda sanawonekere.
Matenda a shuga a Mody amatha kukayikiridwa ngati shuga wa m'magazi amakwera nthawi zina, kuwonjezereka kumakhala kosungidwa nthawi yayitali, sikuyambitsa kwambiri hyperglycemia ndi ketoacidosis. Mbali yodziwika ndi momwe mankhwala a insulin amachitikira: kukondwerera kwachikondwerero chikayamba sikukhala miyezi 1-3, monga momwe amachitira ndi matenda ashuga 1, koma motalikirapo. Kukonzekera kwa insulin, ngakhale ndi kuwerengera molondola, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa hypoglycemia yosakonzekera.
Njira zoyenera kudziwa kusiyanitsa matenda a shuga a Mody ndi mitundu yambiri ya matenda:
| Mtundu 1 | Modymatenda ashuga |
| Kuthekera kwa cholowa ndi kotsika, osapitilira 5%. | Mkhalidwe wodziphimba, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kufalikira. |
| Ketoacidosis imadziwika ndi mtundu wa zoyipa. | Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kumasulidwa kwa matupi a ketone sikuchitika. |
| Kafukufuku wa Laborator akuwonetsa kutsika kwa C-peptide. | Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa C-peptide, komwe kumawonetsa kubisika kwa insulin. |
| Poyamba, ma antibodies atsimikiza. | Ma antibodies palibe. |
| Phwando laukwati mutayamba mankhwala a insulin ndilochepera miyezi 3. | Glucose wabwinobwino amatha kukhala zaka zingapo. |
| Mlingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka pambuyo poti maselo a beta atasiya kugwira ntchito. | Kufunika kwa insulini ndizochepa, glycated hemoglobin siyapamwamba kuposa 8%. |
Tebulo nambala 2
| Mtundu 2 | Matenda a shuga |
| Imapezeka mu ukalamba, nthawi zambiri itatha zaka 50. | Zimayamba ubwana kapena unyamata, nthawi zambiri zaka 9-13. |
| Nthawi zambiri, kunenepa kwambiri komanso kulakalaka kwa maswiti kumawonedwa. | Odwala amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, palibe onenepa kwambiri. |
Mitundu ya Matenda a Mody
Matendawa amagawidwa malinga ndi jini losinthidwa. Pali mitundu 13 yosinthika yomwe imawonjezera shuga wamagazi, pakadali pano, chiwerengero chomwecho cha mitundu ya matenda a shuga a Mody. Simalipira milandu yonse ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga mwanjira yachilendo, chifukwa chake, maphunziro akupitilira kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano yolakwika. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yodziwika yamatendawa kuchulukana.
Lembani ziwerengero za mpikisano wa ku Caucasus:
- Modi-3 - 52% ya milandu;
- Modi-2 - 32%;
- Modi-1 - 10%;
- Modi-5 - 5%.
Pafupifupi ma Asia
- Modi-3 - 5% ya milandu;
- Modi-2 - 2,5%;
- Modi-5 - 2,5%.
10 peresenti yokha ya odwala amtundu wa Mongoloid tsopano amatha kufalitsa matenda amtunduwu, chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wofufuza majini amtunduwu amachitika m'gululi.
>> Zothandiza: Dziwani Zomwe Matenda a shuga Amakhala - //diabetiya.ru/pomosh/nesaharnyj-diabet.html
Makhalidwe a mitundu yodziwika bwino:
| Mtundu | Mtundu wolakwika | Zolemba zotayikira |
| Modi 1 | HNF4A, imayang'anira ntchito za majini angapo omwe amachititsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa glucose kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku minofu. | Mapangidwe a insulini akuchulukitsidwa, palibe shuga mumkodzo, cholesterol yamagazi ndi triglycerides nthawi zambiri amakhala wabwinobwino. Kuthamanga shuga kungakhale kwabwinobwino kapena kukwezedwa pang'ono, koma mayeso ololera a glucose amawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu (pafupifupi magawo asanu) Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kumakhala kofatsa, chifukwa mavuto a mtima omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amayamba kupita patsogolo. |
| Modi 2 | GCK ndi mtundu wa glucokinase womwe umalimbikitsa kusintha kwa glucose owonjezera kuti akhale glycogen, amawongolera kutulutsidwa kwa insulini poyankha kuchuluka kwa shuga. | Ndiwofatsa kuposa mitundu ina, nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo. Kukula pang'ono kwa shuga osala kudya kumawonedwa kuyambira ubadwa, ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa glycemic kumawonjezeka pang'ono. Zizindikiro zake kulibe; zovuta kwambiri ndizosowa. Glycated hemoglobin pamwambamwamba pamwambo wabwinobwino, kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi ya kuyeserera kwa glucose kosakwana magawo a 3.5. |
| Modi 3 | Kusintha kwa HNF1A kumabweretsa kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a beta. | Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amayambira zaka 25 (63% ya milandu), mwina pambuyo pake, mpaka zaka 55. Hyperglycemia yayikulu imatha kumayambika, kotero Modi-3 imasokonezedwa ndi matenda amtundu 1. Ketoacidosis kulibe, kuyesa kwa glucose kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose yopitilira magawo asanu. Chotchinga cha impso chasweka, kotero shuga mkodzo umatha kuwonekanso ngakhale pamlingo wamba. Popita nthawi, matendawa amapita patsogolo, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwongolera kwambiri glycemic. Pakalibe, zovuta zimapita patsogolo. |
| Modi 5 | TCF2 kapena HNF1B, zimakhudza kukula kwa maselo a beta mu nthawi ya embryonic. | Pali nephropathy yopitilira patsogolo yopanda matenda ashuga, ma pancreatic atrophy, ziwalo zitha kuphatikizidwa. Masinthidwe ongodziwika, osakhala obadwa mwatsopano ndi otheka. Matenda a shuga amayambira 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli. |
Kodi ndi ziti zina mwazokayikitsa?
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira matenda a Mody -abetes kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zovuta zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zizindikiro zowoneka sizikupezeka konse. Mwa zizindikilo zopanda tanthauzo, mavuto amawonedwe amatha kuonedwa (chophimba chakanthawi pamaso, zovuta kuyang'ana pamutu). Chiwopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus chikuwonjezeka, akazi amadziwika ndi kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa thrush.
Pamene shuga wamagazi akwera, zizindikiritso za matenda ashuga zimayamba:
- ludzu
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- kulakalaka;
- kufooka chitetezo chokwanira;
- kuchiritsa bwino khungu;
- Kusintha kwa kulemera, kutengera mtundu wa matenda a shuga a Mody, wodwala amatha kuchepa thupi komanso kukhala bwino.
Ndikofunika kuunika matenda a shuga a Modi ngati mwana kapena wachichepere wapeza glycemia kangapo kuposa 5.6 mmol / l, koma palibe zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Chizindikiro cha chenjezo ndi shuga kuposa 7.8 mmol / L kumapeto kwa kuyesa kwa glucose. Mu ana, kusowa kwa kuwonda kumayambiriro kwa matendawa komanso shuga atatha kudya zosaposa magawo 10 kumasonyezanso matenda a shuga a Mody.
Chitsimikizo cha Laborator matenda a shuga a Mody
Ngakhale zovuta zakutsimikizira kwa labotale ya Mody -abetes, maphunziro amtundu ndi ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa amakulolani kuti mupeze njira zoyenera za chithandizo osati mwa wodwala, komanso abale ake okalamba.
Kulemba kwathunthu kumaphatikizapo:
- shuga
- shuga ndi mapuloteni mumkodzo;
- C peptide;
- kuyeserera kwa shuga;
- antibodies a autoimmune kupita ku insulin;
- glycated hemoglobin;
- magazi lipids;
- Ultrasound ya kapamba;
- magazi ndi mkodzo;
- fecal trypsin;
- kufufuzidwa kwa majini.
Mayeso 10 oyambilira akhoza kutengedwa komwe akukhala. Kafukufuku waposachedwa amakulolani kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga a Mody, amachitidwa. ku Moscow ndi Novosibirsk kokha. Kuzindikira kumatengera malo ofufuza a endocrinological. Pakufufuza, magazi amatengedwa, DNA imatengedwa mu cell, imagawidwa m'magawo ndipo zidutswa zimayesedwa, zolakwika zomwe zimatha kwambiri.
Chithandizo
Mankhwala omwe mumalandira mumatengera mtundu Modymatenda ashuga:
| Mtundu | Chithandizo |
| Modi 1 | Zothandizira kuchokera ku sulfanylureas - Glucobene, Glidanil, kukonzekera kwa Glidiab kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Amachulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin ndipo amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi shuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera. |
| Modi 2 | Chithandizo chokwanira sichothandiza, chifukwa, kuti muchepetse shuga, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa ndipo mumalandira zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Poletsa macrosomia ya fetal (kukula kwakukulu) panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, mayiyo amapatsidwa jekeseni wa insulin. |
| Modi 3 | Mitundu 3 ya matenda a shuga ikalephera, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a sulfa ndiwo mankhwala osankhidwa, ndipo zakudya zamagulu ochepa zimathandizanso. Monga momwe kupita patsogolo kumapangidwira, chithandizo chotere chimasinthidwa ndi insulin. |
| Modi 5 | Insulin imayikidwa akangopezeka matendawa. |
Kuchiza ndikothandiza kwambiri pakalibe kulemera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri amapatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi zochepa zopatsa mphamvu.
Zolemba zina zothandiza:
Apa timakambirana za matenda a shuga a latent
