Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi cha chakudya ndizofananira, koma izi sizolakwika. Timapereka tanthauzo lolondola la kagayidwe kazinthu komanso kumvetsetsa momwe liwiro lake limatengera komanso mavuto omwe amabwera komanso omwe amabwera.
Metabolism (yotchedwanso metabolism) ndiye maziko a machitidwe ofunikira omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Pansi pa kagayidwe kazinthu, njira zonse zamkati mwa maselo zimamveka. Thupi limasamalira lokha, kugwiritsa ntchito (kapena kuyika m'malo osungirako) zomwe zimapezeka, mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina zowonetsetsa kuti thupi lonse limagwira.
Kwa kagayidwe kazinthu, kamene kamayendetsedwanso ndi endocrinological ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, mahomoni ndi ma enzymes (michere) ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pachikhalidwe, chiwindi chimatengedwa ngati chofunikira kwambiri mu metabolism.
Kuti muchite ntchito zake zonse, thupi limafunikira mphamvu, yomwe imachokera kumapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, njira yotsatsira chakudya ingatengeredwe ngati imodzi mwazofunikira zofunikira za kagayidwe.
Metabolism imangochitika zokha. Izi ndizomwe zimathandizira kuti maselo, ziwalo ndi minyewa zizipuma mokha mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja kapena zolakwika zamkati.
Kodi tanthauzo la metabolism ndi chiyani?
Metabolism ndikusintha, kusinthika, kukonza kwa mankhwala, komanso mphamvu. Njirayi imakhala ndi magawo awiri akuluakulu, olumikizidwa:
- Catabolism (kuchokera ku liwu Lachi Greek "chiwonongeko"). Catabolism imaphatikizapo kupasuka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimalowa m'thupi ndizosavuta. Uku ndi kusinthika kwapadera kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika pakamabwera makupidwe a oxidation kapena kuwola kwa mankhwala enaake kapena chinthu china. Zotsatira zake, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kumachitika m'thupi (zambiri zimasungunuka mwanjira yotentha, zotsalazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga ma anabolic komanso popanga ATP);
- Anabolism (kuchokera ku liwu Lachi Greek "kukwera"). Pakati pa gawoli, mapangidwe a zinthu zofunika kwa thupi - amino acid, shuga ndi mapuloteni. Kusinthana kwapulasitiki kumeneku kumafuna mphamvu zambiri.
M'mawu osavuta, catabolism ndi anabolism ndi njira ziwiri zofanana mu metabolism, motsatizana komanso mozungulira.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi vuto la majini. Pali lingaliro loti kuthamanga kwa mphamvu yowotchera mphamvu kumangotengera zaka zokha (tidzakambirana izi pansipa) ndi kapangidwe ka thupi, komanso kupezeka kwa jini lenileni.
Mu 2013, kafukufuku adachitika pomwe adazindikira kuti zomwe zimayambitsa pang'onopang'ono metabolism zimatha kukhala kusintha kwa KSR2, jini yomwe imayang'anira metabolism. Ngati ili ndi vuto, ndiye kuti chonyamulira chake kapena chonyamula sichingokhala ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezereka, komanso chocheperako (poyerekeza ndi anthu athanzi), kusinthana kwakukulu (pafupifupi. Mkonzi: kagayidwe kake kamatanthauza mphamvu zochepa zomwe thupi limafunikira m'mawa kuti likhale ndi moyo wabwinoko pamalo apamwamba komanso kudikira chakudya chisanachitike) Komabe, atazindikira kuti vuto la chibadwa limapezeka osakwana 1% ya achikulire ndipo mwa ochepera 2% ya ana onenepa kwambiri, izi sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi zowona zokha.
Pokhala ndi chidaliro chachikulu kwambiri, asayansi akunena kuti kuchuluka kwa metabolic kumatengera mtundu wa munthu.
Chifukwa chake, ofufuza achi Dutch adawona kuti amuna ali ndi metabolism yogwira kwambiri kuposa azimayi. Amalongosola izi chifukwa chakuti abambo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi minofu yambiri, mafupa awo ndi olemera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumachepera, motero, pakupuma (tikulankhula za kagayidwe kachakudya), kuti akamayenda, amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Metabolism imacheperanso ndi ukalamba, ndipo mahomoni ali ndi vuto. Chifukwa chake, mkazi akamakalamba, thupi lake limachepa: izi zimayambitsa maonekedwe (kapena kuchuluka kwa zomwe zilipo) zamafuta am'mimba. Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa testosterone kumachepa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa minofu. Kuphatikiza apo - ndipo nthawi ino tikulankhula za anthu azimuna zonse ziwiri - pakapita nthawi, thupi limayamba kupanga mahomoni omwe amakula pang'ono, omwe amafunikira, pazinthu zina, kuti alimbikitse kuwonongeka kwa mafuta.
Yankhani mafunso 5 kuti mudziwe momwe metabolism yanu imafunira mwachangu!
Kodi mumakonda kutentha? Anthu omwe ali ndi metabolism yabwino nthawi zambiri amakhala otentha kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi metabolism yocheperako (yosafulumira), sakhala ozizira pang'ono. Ngati simunayambitse nthawi ya premenopausal, yankho lolondola kufunsoli lingaganizidwe ngati imodzi mwazidziwitso kuti kagayidwe kanu kali.
Kodi mukuchira mwachangu motani? Ngati mumakonda kulemera mwachangu, ndiye kuti titha kuganiza kuti kagayidwe kanu kakuyenda bwino. Ndi metabolism yoyenera, mphamvu zomwe zimalandiridwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, ndipo sizisungidwa ngati mafuta mu depot.
Kodi nthawi zambiri mumakhala tcheru komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu?Anthu omwe ali ndi metabolite wodekha nthawi zambiri amakhala otopa komanso wotopa.
Kodi mumayamwa chakudya mwachangu?Anthu omwe ali ndi metabolism yabwino nthawi zambiri amatha kudzitamandira kugaya bwino. Kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro kuti china chake sichili bwino ndi kagayidwe.
Kodi mumadya kangati komanso kangati? Kodi nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi njala ndikudya kwambiri? Kulakalaka kwabwino nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuti chakudya chimatengedwa mwachangu ndi thupi, ndipo ichi ndichizindikiro cha metabolism yofulumira. Komabe, ichi sichiri chifukwa chosiya zakudya zoyenera komanso kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika.
Dziwani kuti kagayidwe kofulumira kwambiri, kamene ambiri amalakalaka, kamadzazanso ndi mavuto: kumatha kubweretsa kusowa tulo, mantha, kuchepa thupi komanso ngakhale mavuto amtima komanso magazi.
Momwe mungakhazikitsire kusinthana ndi chakudya?
Pali zakudya zambiri zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi metabolism mwachitsanzo:
- masamba omwe amakhala ndi masamba owuma (beets, udzu winawake, kabichi, kaloti);
- nyama yodontha (filimu yankhuku yopanda khungu, veal);
- tiyi wobiriwira, zipatso za malalanje, ginger;
- nsomba zokhala ndi phosphorous (makamaka m'madzi);
- zipatso zosowa (ma avocados, coconuts, nthochi);
- amadyera (katsabola, parsley, basil).
Yang'anani ngati mukulakwitsa kudya zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kosafunikira kwa kagayidwe!
Zolakwika nambala 1. Pali mafuta ochepa kwambiri m'zakudya zanu.
Ndimakonda chidwi ndi zinthu zolembedwa? Onetsetsani kuti mwadya mafuta osakwaniritsidwa omwe amapezeka mu nsomba kapena mapeyala omwewo. Zimathandizanso kuti misempha ya insulin isadutse nthawi yayitali komanso kuti metabolism isamachepe.
Zolakwika # 2. Pali zakudya zambiri zopukutidwa komanso zakudya zabwino muzakudya zanu.
Phunzirani mosamala zolembedwazo, mwina mutha kupeza kuti shuga ndi gawo la zinthu zomwe siziyenera kukhala konse. Ndiye amene amachititsa kudumpha kwamwazi wamagazi. Musapatse thupi lanu mafuta othandiza kugulira zakudya. Kupatula apo, thupi limasamalira kusiyana kotereku ngati chizindikiro kuti nthawi yakwanira mafuta ambiri.
Zolakwika # 3. Nthawi zambiri mumanyalanyaza chakudya komanso kulumpha zakudya
Ndikofunikira osati zomwe mumadya, komanso mukamachita (muyenera kudya pafupipafupi komanso nthawi yomweyo). Aliyense amene amadikirira mpaka m'mimba amayamba kupindika kukokana (kapena kunyalanyaza zizindikilo za thupi) kumuyika pachiwopsezo. Palibe chabwino chomwe chingayembekezedwe pamenepa. Osachepera, kuzunzidwa mwankhanza kwamadzulo madzulo, komwe sikungapeweke, sikuphatikizidwa m'gulu la "zabwino".
Mwa zina mwa zomwe zimalepheretsa njira za metabolic zimatha kutchedwa kusintha kwa pathological mu ntchito ya adrenal gland, gitini gland ndi chithokomiro.
Kuphatikiza apo, zoyambirira zakulephera zimaphatikizapo kusagwirizana ndi zakudya (chakudya chouma, kudya pafupipafupi, chidwi chowawa pakudya kwamphamvu), komanso cholowa cholowa.
Pali zizindikiro zingapo zakunja zomwe mungaphunzirepo nokha kuti muzindikire zovuta za catabolism ndi anabolism:
- kusakwanira kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi;
- kutopa kwanyengo ndi kutupa kwakutali ndi m'munsi;
- maulalo ofooka a msomali ndi tsitsi lophweka;
- zotupa pakhungu, ziphuphu zakumaso, kutsekemera, khungu kapena kufiyira khungu.
Ngati kagayidwe kali bwino, ndiye kuti thupi limakhala laling'ono, tsitsi ndi misomali mwamphamvu, khungu lopanda zodzoladzola, komanso kukhala bwino.
