Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe langokulanso pazaka zambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mdziko lonse lapansi anthu 371 miliyoni ali ndi matendawa, omwe ndi 7 peresenti ya anthu onse padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa chachikulu chakukula kwa matendawa ndikosintha kwakukulu m'moyo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ngati zinthu sizisintha, pofika chaka cha 2025 kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kudzachulukanso.
M'malo omwe mayiko omwe apezeka ndi matenda ndi:
- India - 50,8 miliyoni;
- China - 43.2 miliyoni;
- USA - miliyoni 26.8;
- Russia - 9,6 miliyoni;
- Brazil - 7.6 miliyoni;
- Germany - 7.6 miliyoni;
- Pakistan - 7.1 miliyoni;
- Japan - 7.1 miliyoni;
- Indonesia - 7 miliyoni;
- Mexico - 6.8 miliyoni
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ziwopsezochi chinapezeka mwa anthu okhala ku United States, pomwe pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya nzika zili ndi matenda a shuga. Ku Russia, chiwerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 6 peresenti.
Ngakhale kuti mdziko lathu mulingo wa matendawa siwokwera kwambiri ngati ku United States, asayansi akunena kuti okhala ku Russia ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mliri.
Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amapezeka nthawi zambiri odwala osakwanitsa zaka 30, pomwe azimayi amatenga matenda. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umayamba mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40 ndipo nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe amalemera thupi.
M'dziko lathu, matenda a shuga a 2 ndi ocheperako, masiku ano amapezeka mwa anthu azaka 12 mpaka 16.
Kuzindikira matenda
Ziwerengero zodabwitsa zimaperekedwa ndi ziwerengero kwa anthu omwe sanapeze mayeso. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya okhala padziko lapansi sakaikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mwina atapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.
Monga momwe mukudziwira, matendawa amatha kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka, osayambitsa chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ambiri osatukuka kwambiri matendawa sapezeka nthawi zonse.
Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amabweretsa zovuta zambiri, zowononga mtima, chiwindi, impso ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti ku Africa kuno kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumawerengedwa kuti ndi otsika, apa ndi pomwe kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe sikunayesedwe. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa kuwerenga komanso kusazindikira matendawa pakati pa onse okhala m'boma.
Kufa kwa matenda
Kulemba ziwerengero zaimfa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga sikophweka. Izi ndichifukwa choti machitidwe mdziko lonse, zolemba zachipatala sizimawonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa odwala. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, chithunzi chonse cha imfa chifukwa cha matendawa chimatha kupangidwa.
Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mitengo yonse yaimfa yomwe ikupezeka siziwonetsetsa, chifukwa imangopangidwa ndi zomwe zikupezeka. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga amapezeka mwa odwala azaka 50 ndipo anthu ocheperako amamwalira zaka 60 zisanachitike.
Chifukwa cha matendawa, matendawa amakhala ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu athanzi. Imfa ya matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa chopanga zovuta komanso kusowa kwa chithandizo choyenera.
Mwambiri, ziwengo zakumwalira ndizokwera kwambiri m'maiko omwe boma silisamala ndalama zolipirira chithandizo cha matendawa. Pazifukwa zoonekeratu, ndalama zambiri komanso zotsogola zatsika zimakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwalira chifukwa cha matenda.
Zochitika ku Russia
Monga kuchuluka kwa zochitika, ziwonetsero za Russia ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwambiri, mulingo unayandikira pafupi ndi mliri wa miliri. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi akatswiri asayansi, kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi kukwera kawiri mpaka katatu.
Mdziko muno, muli odwala matenda ashuga oposa 280,000 omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Anthuwa amadalira kasamalidwe ka insulin tsiku ndi tsiku, pakati pawo ana 16,000 ndi achinyamata 8.5,000.
Ponena za matendawa, ku Russia anthu opitilira 6 miliyoni sakudziwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Pafupifupi 30% yazachuma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matendawa kuchokera ku bajeti, koma pafupifupi 90% yaiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavuto, osati matendawa omwe.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwazowopsa, dziko lathu limagwiritsa ntchito insulini ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo ndi magawo 39 mwa aliyense wokhala ku Russia. Ngati ndikufanizira ndi mayiko ena, ndiye kuti ku Poland izi ndi 125, Germany - 200, Sweden - 257.
Mavuto a matendawa
- Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayambitsa matenda a mtima.
- Mwa anthu okalamba, khungu limachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga retinopathy.
- A complication a impso ntchito kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenthedwe aimpso. Choyambitsa matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.
- Pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi ubongo. Matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti miyendo ithe.
- Chifukwa cha kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, lomwe limayambitsa kudula miyendo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuduladula kwina konse kwazonse chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumachitika mphindi iliyonse. Chaka chilichonse, kudula 1 miliyoni kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi madokotala, ngati matendawa adapezeka kuti apezeka pakapita nthawi, anthu opitilira 80 peresenti ya kukomoka kwa miyendo amatha kupewedwa.
