Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amachititsa kuti ma insulin apange zosokoneza. Mavuto a matendawa amakhudza kudwala kwa wodwala kukhala moyo wangwiro. Choyamba, zimakhudza gawo la antchito. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri amafunikira kuwunikira pafupipafupi ndi akatswiri azachipatala, komanso kupeza mankhwala apadera.
Kuti tipeze maufulu owonjezereka a chisamaliro chazachipatala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala, omwe akudwala matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakayikira ngati kulumala kumapereka shuga.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulephera
Gulu la olumala lomwe lidzapatsidwe odwala matenda ashuga limatengera mtundu wa zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi yamatendawa. Mfundo zotsatirazi zimawerengedwa: matenda obadwa nawo kapena obadwa nawo mwa anthu, mtundu 1 kapena matenda a 2. Pokonzekera mfundo, madokotala ayenera kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Gulu la matenda ashuga:
- Zosavuta: kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma pharmacological othandizira - chifukwa cha zakudya. Zizindikiro za m'mawa muyezo wa shuga musanadye siziyenera kupitirira 7.5 mm / lita .;
- Pakati: Kawiri pa kuchuluka kwazovuta za shuga. Kuwonetsedwa kwa zovuta zofanana ndi matenda ashuga - retinopathy ndi nephropathy koyambira.
- Zachikulu: shuga m'magazi 15 mmol / lita imodzi kapena kupitilira. Wodwalayo atha kudwala matenda ashuga kapena kukhazikika m'malire a boma kwanthawi yayitali. Zowopsa za impso, mtima; Kusintha kwakukuru kwa malekezero apamwamba ndi otsika ndikotheka.
- Makamaka olemera: ziwalo ndi encephalopathy zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi. Pamaso pa fomu yolimba kwambiri, munthu amalephera kuyenda, sangathe kuchita njira zosavuta kwambiri pakusamalira payekha.
Kulephera ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga kumatsimikizika pamaso pa zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi ngati wodwalayo awonongeka. Kubwezera ndi mkhalidwe womwe shuga satha kusintha pakudya.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulumala Kugawirana
Gulu la olumala m'matenda a shuga limatengera mtundu wa zovuta za matendawa.
Gulu loyamba limapatsidwa ntchito ngati:
- pachimake aimpso kulephera;
- ubongo encephalopathy ndi matenda amisala omwe amayamba chifukwa chake;
- gangrene wa m'munsi malekezero, matenda ashuga;
- pafupipafupi matenda a shuga;
- zinthu zomwe sizilola kugwira ntchito zogwirira ntchito, kuthandiza zofuna zawo (kuphatikizapo ukhondo), kuyendayenda;
- kusamalitsa chidwi ndi malo mdera.
Gulu lachiwiri ndi lomwe lidayikidwa ngati:
- diabetesic retinopathy ya 2 kapena 3 gawo;
- nephropathy, mankhwalawa omwe ndi osatheka ndi mankhwala;
- kulephera kwa aimpso koyambirira kapena kudwala;
- neuropathy, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, zotupa zazing'ono zamanjenje ndi minyewa ya mafupa;
- zoletsa pakuyenda, kudzisamalira nokha ndi ntchito.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi:
- kuphwanya koyenera kwa ziwalo zina zamkati ndi machitidwe (malinga ngati kuphwanya izi sikunayambitse kusintha kosasinthika);
- zoletsa zazing'ono pantchito ndi kudzisamalira.
Kulumala kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga nthawi zambiri kumakhudza gawo lachitatu.
Asanapange kulumala, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kuti adzayembekezera zoletsa pazogwira ntchito. Izi ndi zoona kwa iwo omwe agwira ntchito yopanga ndi ntchito yolumikizana ndi zolimbitsa thupi. Eni ake a gulu lachitatu azitha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito zoletsa zazing'ono. Anthu olumala a gulu lachiwiri adzakakamizidwa kuti achoke ku zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Gulu loyamba limawonedwa ngati lopanda pake - odwala otere amafunika chisamaliro chokhazikika.
Kupanga Kulephera Kwa Matenda A shuga
Musanayambe kudwala matenda a shuga, muyenera kudutsa njira zingapo zamankhwala, kukayezetsa ndi kupereka zikalata zingapo ku chipatala komwe amakhala. Njira yopezera wolemala "wolumala" iyenera kuyamba ndikuyendera kwa akatswiri azachipatala, ndipo pamaziko a anamnesis ndi zotsatira zake zoyesedwa koyambirira, amafunika kupita kuchipatala.
M'chipatala, wodwala adzafunika pitani kukayezetsa komanso kuyesedwa. Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa:
- mkodzo ndi magazi kuyezetsa magazi ndende;
- zotsatira za muyeso wa glucose;
- urinalysis kwa asetone;
- zotsatira zoyeserera zamagazi;
- ECG
- ubongo tomography;
- zotsatira zoyesedwa ndi ophthalmologist;
- Mayeso a Reberg a mkodzo;
- deta yokhala ndi miyeso yapakati pa tsiku ya mkodzo;
- EEG
- kutsiriza pambuyo pa kufufuza kwa dokotala (kukhalapo kwa zilonda zam'mimba, kusintha kwina kwamiyendo kumayesedwa);
- zotsatira za dopplerography.
Pamaso pa matenda ophatikizika, zitsimikiziro zimapangidwa zokhudzana ndi kusinthika kwa maphunziro awo ndi matenda awo. Pambuyo polemba mayeso, wodwalayo ayenera kupita kukapangidwe ka zikalata zofunika kuperekera kuchipatala ndi kuyesedwa - olamulira kumalo komwe akukhala, omwe amapereka gawo la "olumala".
Ngati lingaliro loipa lingachitike pakulemekeza wodwalayo, ali ndi ufulu wotsutsa chigamulo ku ofesi yachigawopakuphatikiza chiganizo chogwirizana ndi paketi ya zikalata. Ngati ofesi ya Regional ITU imakana, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali ndi masiku 30 kuti akadandaule ku ofesi ya Federal ITU. Muzochitika zonse, yankho kuchokera kwa maulamuliro liyenera kuperekedwa pakatha mwezi umodzi.
Mndandanda wamakalata omwe ayenera kuperekedwa kwa woyenera kuchita:
- buku la pasipoti;
- Zotsatira za kusanthula konse ndi mayeso omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa;
- malingaliro a madokotala;
- mawu a fomu yokhazikitsidwa Nambala 088 / у-0 ndi chofunikira kupatsa gulu la olumala;
- kupita kokayenda;
- kutulutsa kuchokera ku chipatala za mayeso;
- Khadi lachipatala kuchokera ku malo okhala.
Nzika zogwira ntchito zikufunika kuti zigwirizane buku la ntchito. Ngati munthu wasiya kale chifukwa chodwaladwala kapena sanagwirepo ntchito, ayenera kuyika zikalata zosonyeza kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe sagwirizana ndi ntchito yaukadaulo komanso mawu omaliza pakufunika kwachikonzedwe.
Ngati chilema chalembedwa kwa mwana wa matenda ashuga, pamenepo makolo amapereka satifiketi yobadwa (mpaka zaka 14) komanso amakhala ndi mbiri yochokera ku sukulu yophunzitsa anthu wamba.
Njira yosonkhanitsira ndikusungiratu zikalata imakhala yosavuta ngati mayeso a odwala ndi ITU amayendetsedwa ndi chipatala chomwechi komwe amakhala. Chisankho chogawa olumala kwa gulu loyenera sichidzaperekedwa mwezi umodzi kuchokera pa tsiku lofunsira ndi zikalata. Phukusi la zolemba ndi mndandanda wazotsatira ndizofanana ngakhale kuti wopemphayo angafune kutulutsa vuto la matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.
Kulephera mu mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, komanso kulemala kwa matenda ashuga 2, zimafuna kutsimikizika kwakanthawi.
Pakadutsa mobwerezabwereza, wodwalayo amapereka satifiketi yotsimikizira kulemala komwe adapatsidwa kale komanso pulogalamu yothandizira anthu omwe akuwoneka kuti akuyenda bwino. Gulu 2 ndi 3 zimatsimikiziridwa pachaka. Gulu 1 limatsimikiziridwa kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Njirayi imachitika muofesi ya ITU pamalo omwe amakhala.
Ubwino ndi mitundu ina yothandizidwa ndi anthu
Gawo lolumikizidwa movomerezeka limaloleza anthu kuti alandire ndalama zowonjezera. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la gulu loyamba amalandila ndalama zothandizira kulumala, ndipo anthu olumala gulu lachiwiri ndi lachitatu amalandila zaka zopumira.
Machitidwe achikhalidwe amakakamira kupereka kwaulere kwa odwala matenda ashuga olumala (molingana ndi voti):
- insulin;
- syringes;
- glucometer ndi mizere yoyesera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga;
- mankhwala kuchepetsa shuga.
Odwala odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 ali ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo cha sanatorium, ufulu wa kuphunzira mu ntchito yatsopano ya antchito. Komanso, odwala am'magulu onse ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala othandizira kupewa matenda a shuga. Komanso, m'maguluwa kumachepetsa ndalama zolipiritsa ndi theka zimaperekedwa.
Mwana yemwe walandila "wopunduka" chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amamasulidwa ku nkhondo. Mukamaphunzira, mwana samamasulidwa kumapeto komaliza ndi mayeso olowera, chitsimikiziro chimakhazikika pamakalasi apachaka. Werengani zambiri za zabwino za mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pano.
Amayi odwala matenda ashuga angayembekezere kuwonjezeka kwa milungu iwiri.
Malipiro a penshoni a gululi ali mgulu la ma ruble 2300-13700 ndipo zimadalira gulu lomwe lasankhidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa omwe akudalira ndi wodwalayo. Anthu olumala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za anthu ogwira ntchito zachitukuko pazonse. Ngati ndalama za munthu ndi malipiro amoyo 1.5 kapena kuchepera, ndiye kuti chithandizo cha akatswiri mu ntchito zachitukuko chimaperekedwa kwaulere.
Kulemala kwa odwala matenda ashuga sikungokhala ngati wonyoza, koma njira yopezera chitetezo chenicheni chachipatala komanso chikhalidwe. Sikoyenera kuchedwetsa kukonzekera kwa gawo la kusalephera, chifukwa kusowa kwa chithandizo kungayambitse kuwonongeka mu chikhalidwe ndikuwonjezeka zovuta.
