Matendawa, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi shuga, amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa anthu ambiri masiku ano. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zomwe zili m'thupi la endocrine. Chifukwa chake, endocrinologists amathandizira pa matenda a shuga.
Pali gulu logawika lazizindikiro ndi chizindikiro cha mtundu 1 komanso matenda amtundu wa 2, komabe, mawonekedwe osiyana siyana, apadera amtundu amadziwika ndi zamankhwala. Chikhalidwe chake ndi chakuti amaphatikiza zizindikiro za mitundu iwiri yoyambayo.
Nthawi zambiri, ma endocrinologists anali kujambula chithunzi chosamveka bwino, chosamveka bwino cha matendawa pomwe panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zizindikiro zomwe zimalepheretsa kuzindikira, kuzindikira komanso kusankha bwino mankhwala. Mwa odwala ena, zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 zimawonedwa munthawi yomweyo.
Popeza kuti njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, zinali zovuta kudziwa njira yeniyeni yochizira. Chifukwa chake, gulu lafutukuka. Mtundu wachitatu wa matenda ashuga wawoneka, koma World Health Organisation sanazindikire izi.
Mbiri yakupezeka
Kalelo mu 1975, asayansi adagawa shuga m'mitundu iwiri. Komabe, panthawiyo nthawi, wasayansi Bluger adazindikira kuti nthawi zambiri kumachitika nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zomwe zizindikiro zake sizigwirizana ndi zamtundu wina uliwonse.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa timadzi timene timatchedwa insulin m'thupi. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo, zomwe zili mkati ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni wapadera, yemwe amayenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa ndi zakudya. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amadziwika ndi madontho a ma adipose minofu ya chiwindi.
Kuwonekera kwa njirayi ndi motere:
- Pali kulephera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba, chifukwa chomwe kumakhala kuphwanya koyenera kwa lipids m'thupi la munthu.
- Chiwindi nthawi yomweyo chimayamba kulandira kuchuluka kwamafuta acids.
- Chiwindi sichingathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito munthawi yake.
- Zotsatira zake, mafuta amapangidwa.
Pazachipatala, amadziwika kuti njirayi siikhala ya matenda amtundu woyamba. Komabe, mtundu wachitatu wa matenda a shuga akapezeka, zizindikiro zonsezi zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi.
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 3 amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri. Mloza wodwala wamagazi umafikira 14 mmol / l, pomwe glycemia pafupifupi 40 - 5 ° g / l amadziwikanso pamakina a mkodzo. Komanso, ndi mtundu wa 03, chizolowezi cha ketoacidosis, komanso kusinthasintha kwakuthwa kwa glycemia.
Kuchita kwabwinobwino kwa odwala kumeneku kumathandizidwa ndi Mlingo wambiri wa insulin. Panthawi, wodwala ayenera kulandira zoposa 60 magawo a mahomoni. Mutha kuunikiranso chizindikiro chakudwala kumeneku, monga chotupa cha magazi m'magazi osiyanasiyana.
Kuchiza, komwe kumatanthauzanso zakudya zoyenera, kuyenera kukhala panthawi yake.
Zizindikiro
Ngati matenda a shuga adapezeka mwa odwala kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuopsa kwake kumatha kutsimikiziridwa pokhapokha kuyesedwa kotsatizana, komanso kutsata kuyang'ana kwa chizindikirocho. Pambuyo pokhapokha ngati mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi pomwe endocrinologist imapereka mankhwala okwanira. Chifukwa cha hyperglycemia, chithandizo ndi chakudya ndizogwirizana kwambiri.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zizindikiro zake. Pakati pazisonyezo zoyambirira, zotsatirazi zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- Ludzu la nthawi zonse lomwe silitha ngakhale wodwala atamwa. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumwa malita opitirira asanu malita tsiku.
- Kuuma kwambiri kwa mucous nembanemba mkamwa. Izi sizitengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse.
- Kusintha msanga kwa kulemera kwake, kutayika kwake kapena phindu.
- Hyperhidrosis imatanthawuza thukuta lalikulu, lomwe limatchulidwa kwambiri m'manja.
- Kutopa kumayendetsedwa ndi kufooka kwa minofu, ngakhale osakhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.
- Ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse wa shuga, kuchiritsa kwa mabala nthawi yayitali kumawonedwa. Ngakhale kukanda pang'ono kumatha kukhala bala loyipa lomwe limayambitsa matenda.
- Khungu limakutidwa mosaganizira ndi ma pustule.
Ngati munthu wazindikira chimodzi mwazizindikirozi pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kufunsa malangizo a endocrinologist. Ngati kafukufuku atawonetsa zisonyezo za hyperglycemia mu mtundu 2 wa shuga, titha kufotokoza za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba, wachiwiri kapena wachitatu.
Polankhula mwachindunji za mtundu wachitatu wa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zitha kuwerengeka ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa zizindikiro. Kumayambiriro, madokotala amatha kusiyanitsa zizindikiritsozo mu matenda ashuga:
- Osakhazikika, nkhawa.
- Kukhumudwa ndi kumverera kwa chidwi pa chilichonse, kuphatikizapo thanzi lawo.
- Chisokonezo, kulephera kuzindikira zomwe zimadziwika kale.
- Kuyiwala.
Ngati zizindikirozo sizinaperekedwe chisamaliro choyenera, zimapita patsogolo. Otsatirawa akuwonekera:
- Kupenyerera, kunyengerera ndi zovuta zina za chikumbumtima.
- Kuchita kovuta kwa ntchito zoyenda.
- Kuvuta kwamalingaliro.
- Zowukira.
Matenda A shuga ndi Alzheimer's
Matenda a Alzheimer's amadziwika ndi kutaya kukumbukira komanso kudzikonda. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, zomwe zidayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa sizimamveka bwino, mpaka 2000 anali matenda osachiritsika omwe amawopsa aliyense.
Mu 2005, kafukufuku wina adachitika motsogozedwa ndi asayansi aku Brown University, pomwe zidawululidwa kuti chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa chimadziwika kuti ndikusowa kwa insulin m'mitsempha ya muubongo.
Kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumayambitsa mapangidwe a beta amyloid malo. Maphunzirowa, amatitsogolera, ndikuiwala pang'ono pang'ono, ndi kupitiriza kuganiza bwino.
Pachifukwa ichi, munthu amatha kumva kuti mtundu wa 3 wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda aubongo.
Likukhalira kuti matenda a Alzheimer's sangatchulidwenso kuti chiganizo, chifukwa amathanso kusamutsidwira kuchikhululukiro pakukhalabe ndi insulin yokwanira.
Chithandizo
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 3 amayenera kuthandizidwa mokwanira. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti ndi othandizira. Komabe, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi Mlingo wa insulin si onse.
Zakudya zimatengedwa ngati njira imodzi yovomerezeka ya odwala matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse. Chakudya chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Amuna ayenera kumangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku zakudya zama protein, ndi kudya zakudya zamagulu a shuga.
Chakudya chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira popanda chithandizo chomwe sichingatheke.
Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ayenera kusiya zoipa zilizonse posachedwa. Kusuta fodya komanso mowa kumapangitsa kuti maselo azikhala ndi insulin. Kuti muchepetse vuto la kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wachitatu wa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera.
Ngakhale kuti shuga sachiritsidwanso, Zizindikiro zake zitha kuchotsedwa potsatira malangizo onsewa. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa zoyenera kuchita ndi matenda ashuga.
