Matenda a shuga amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a vuto la metabolic, momwe wodwalayo amakhala ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi. Pali mitundu iwiri yotsogolera. Poyamba, kapamba samatulutsa insulini, chachiwiri - timadzi timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timapanga, koma sizadziwika ndi maselo amthupi.
Chodabwitsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndichakuti anthu samafa ndi matendawa omwe, koma kuchokera kuzovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia. Kukula kwa zotsatira kumalumikizidwa ndi njira ya microangiopathic ndi glycosation ya mapuloteni a minofu. Chifukwa cha kuphwanya kotero, chitetezo cha mthupi sichichita ntchito zake zoteteza.
Mu matenda a shuga, kusintha kumachitikanso ma capillaries, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, ndi metabolism ya oxygen. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizitha kutenga matenda. Potere, chiwalo chilichonse kapena dongosolo lililonse, kuphatikiza mapapo, limatha kukhudzidwa.
Chibayo mu shuga chimachitika pamene kupuma kwamphamvu kumayambitsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri kufalitsa kachilombo ka tizilomboka kumachitika ndi timadzola ta ndege.
Zoyambitsa ndi Zoopsa
Nthawi zambiri, chibayo chimayamba chifukwa cha kuzizira kapena nyengo. Koma pali zifukwa zina za chibayo mwa odwala matenda ashuga:
- aakulu hyperglycemia;
- kufooka chitetezo chokwanira;
- pulmonary microangiopathy, momwe masinthidwe a pathological amapezeka m'matumbo a ziwalo zopumira;
- mitundu yonse yamatenda oyanjana.
Popeza shuga wokwezeka amapereka malo abwino mthupi la wodwalayo kuti alowetse matenda, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe angayambitse kutupa m'mapapo.
Wodziwika bwino kwambiri wamatenda a chibayo wa nosocomial ndi chikhalidwe chochokera pagulu ndi Staphylococcus aureus. Ndipo chibayo cha bakiteriya mu odwala matenda ashuga chimayambitsa osati matenda a staphylococcal, komanso Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Nthawi zambiri ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia, chibayo cha atypical choyambitsidwa ndi ma virus chimayamba. Pambuyo pa bakiteriya atenga kachilomboka.
Chizindikiro cha matenda opatsirana m'mapapo ndi matenda ashuga ndi kusintha kwina komanso kusintha kwa malingaliro, pomwe odwala wamba zizindikiro za matendawa ndi zofanana ndi zizindikiro zopatsira matenda opumira. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga, chithunzi cha chipatala chimatchulidwa.
Komanso, ndi matenda, monga hyperglycemia mu matenda a shuga, pulmonary edema imakonda kupezeka nthawi zambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti capillaries imalowa kwambiri, ntchito yama macrophages ndi neutrophils imasokonekera, ndipo chitetezo cha mthupi chimafookeranso.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chibayo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha bowa (Coccidioides, Cryptococcus), staphylococcus ndi Klebsiella mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin ndiwovuta kwambiri kuposa odwala omwe alibe zovuta za metabolic. Kuchepa kwa chifuwa chachikulu kumachulukanso.
Ngakhale kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kumabweretsa mphamvu pa chitetezo chathupi. Zotsatira zake, mwayi wokhala ndi chotupa cham'mapapo, asymptomatic bacteremia, ngakhale imfa imachulukanso.
Zizindikiro
Chithunzi cha chipatala cha chibayo mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi chofanana ndi zizindikiro za matendawa kwa odwala wamba. Koma odwala okalamba nthawi zambiri samatentha, chifukwa thupi lawo limafooka kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za matendawa:
- kuzizira;
- chifuwa chowuma, nthawi imasanduka chonyowa;
- malungo, ndi kutentha mpaka madigiri 38;
- kutopa;
- mutu
- kusowa kwa chakudya;
- kupuma movutikira
- kusapeza bwino kwa minofu;
- Chizungulire
- Hyperhidrosis.
Komanso, kupweteka kumatha kupezeka m'mapapo omwe akhudzidwa, kumawonjezeka panthawi ya kutsokomola. Ndipo mwa odwala ena, kuzindikira za khungu ndi cyanosis ya makona atatu amkati amodzi amadziwika.
Ndizachilendo kuti chifuwa cha matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda otupa a m'mapapo thirakiti sangathe kupitirira miyezi iwiri. Ndipo mavuto kupuma kumachitika pamene fibrous exudate imadziunjikira mu alveoli, ndikudzaza mawonekedwe a ziwalo ndikuphatikizika ndi kayendedwe kabwinobwino. Mafuta m'mapapo amadziunjikira chifukwa maselo am'magazi amatumizidwa kuzotupa kuti ateteze matenda onse ndikuwononga ma virus ndi mabakiteriya.
Mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, mbali zam'mapeto kapena zotsika zamapapu zimakonda kukhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, kutupa kumachitika m'chiwalo choyenera, chomwe chimafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a anatomical, chifukwa chakuti pathogen ndiyosavuta kulowa mkati mwake ndipo yayifupi ndi bronchus.
Pulmonary edema imayendera limodzi ndi cyanosis, kufupika ndi kumverera kwa kupsinjika pachifuwa. Komanso kudziunjikira kwamadzi m'mapapo ndi nthawi yopanga kulephera kwa mtima ndi kutupa kwa thumba la mtima.
Pankhani ya kupitirira kwa edema, zizindikiro monga:
- tachycardia;
- kuvutika kupuma
- hypotension;
- chifuwa chachikulu komanso kupweteka pachifuwa;
- kutulutsa kwambiri kwa ntchofu ndi sputum;
- kutsutsika.
Chithandizo ndi kupewa
Maziko a mankhwala a chibayo ndi njira yothandizira antibacterial. Komanso, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti imalize mpaka kumapeto, apo ayi zibwererenso.
Mtundu wofatsa wa matenda nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa bwino ndi odwala matenda ashuga (Amoxicillin, Azithromycin). Komabe, munthawi yomwe mumatenga ndalama zotere, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikiro za shuga, zomwe zingapewe kukula kwa zovuta.
Mitundu yambiri yamatenda omwe amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuphatikiza - shuga ndi maantibayotiki, ndi okhawo omwe amapita kwa asing'anga.
Komanso, ndi chibayo, mankhwala otsatirawa akhoza kulembedwa:
- kutsutsana;
- opinya;
- antipyretic.
Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala a antiviral ndi mankhwala - Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Ribavirin. Ndikofunikira kuti mupumule pabedi, zomwe zingalepheretse zovuta.
Madzi ambiri akachuluka m'mapapu, angafunike kuchotsedwa. Kupuma ndi chida cha oxygen zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athe kupuma. Kuti athandizire kudutsa mapapo, wodwala amafunika kumwa madzi ambiri (mpaka malita awiri), koma pokhapokha ngati palibe aimpso kapena mtima. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za chibayo.
