Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umayamba mu 90% ya milandu yonse ya kusowa kwa metabolic. Chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi matenda a insulin, pomwe maselo amthupi amasiya kumva za insulin. Koma muzochitika zapamwamba, kapamba angasiye kutulutsa mahomoni kwathunthu.
Komanso, moyo wopanda ntchito umathandizira kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, omwe umayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuphwanya kwina kwa kagayidwe kazakudya. Kenako kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachulukirachulukira, komwe kumakhala ndi poizoni kapamba ndipo maselo ake a beta amafa.
Pazifukwa zina, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umatha kudalira insulini. Koma kodi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mahomoni ndikofunikira nthawi ziti?
Kodi matenda ashuga a 2 amachiritsidwa liti ndi insulin?
Nthawi zambiri matenda amtunduwu amayamba pambuyo pa zaka 40. Kuphatikiza apo, popanga matendawa, wodwalayo akulemera msanga. Pakadali pano, vuto la insulin limayamba, koma zizindikiritso za matenda ashuga sizitha kuwonetsedwa.
Pang'onopang'ono, maselo a beta omwe amachititsa insulini kuti atheretu amatha. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chimaphatikizira kupangika kwa mahomoni.
Koma nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayendetsedwa popanda jakisoni pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic, mankhwala othandizira pakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Koma ngati munthu sakutsatira malamulowa, ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi kapamba wake sangathenso kudzipanga payekha payokha palokha. Ndipo ngati simutenga jakisoni kuchokera ku matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti shuga yamwazi idzakulitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta.
Nthawi zambiri, insulin imaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi moyo wongokhala. Ndiye kuti, ali ndi kusankha kwa masewera kapena masewera a insulin.
Komabe, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi matendawa, chifukwa amathandiza kuti maselo azitha kugwira insulini. Chifukwa chake, ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ayamba kukhala ndi njira yolondola, ndiye kuti patapita nthawi mlingo wa insulin udzachepa kapena sadzafuna jakisoni konse.
Kuphatikiza apo, jakisoni ndiyofunika kwa anthu omwe samatsatira zakudya. Chakudya choterocho chimatanthauzira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ochulukitsa, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokana jakisoni kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake. Komabe, omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi ayeneranso kuchepetsa mapuloteni awo.
Koma kwa odwala matenda ashuga, insulin ndiyofunikira pazifukwa zaumoyo, chifukwa apo ayi wodwala amatha kufa chifukwa cha zovuta za matendawa. Kulephera kwamkati, zigawenga kapena vuto la mtima kumabweretsa imfa.
Zosiyanasiyana za insulin
Insulin yolowetsedwa m'thupi la munthu imatha kusintha pakapita nthawi. Mankhwala nthawi zonse amasankhidwa payekha kwa wodwala aliyense.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyambi:
- Ng'ombe yotengedwa ndi kapamba wama ng'ombe. Zowonongeka - nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa chifuwa. Ndalama zoterezi zimaphatikizapo Ultralente MS, Insulrap GPP, Ultralente.
- Insulin ya nkhumba ndi yofanana ndi anthu, imayambanso kuyambitsa ziwopsezo, koma nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Insulrap SPP, Monosuinsulin, Monodar Long.
- Genetic engineering insulin ndi kufanana kwa IRI yaumunthu. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Escherichia coli kapena kwa nkhumba za pancreatic. Oimira odziwika pagululi ndi Insulin Actrapid, Novomix ndi Humulin, Protafan.
Kugawa nthawi ndi kutalika kwa zotsatirazi kumathandizanso kukhala kosiyana. Chifukwa chake, pali insulin yosavuta, yomwe imagwira pambuyo pa mphindi 5, ndipo kutalika kwa vutoli mpaka maola 5.
Insulin yochepa imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 30. Kwambiri ndende zimatheka pambuyo 2,5 maola, ndipo kutalika kwa zotsatira kumatenga maola 5-6.
Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu pakati amakhala olimbikitsa kwa wodwala kwa maola 15. Kuika maganizo kwawo kumatheka maola angapo pambuyo pa utsogoleri. Tsiku lomwe muyenera kuchita jakisoni 2-3 kuchokera ku matenda ashuga.
Insulin yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mahomoni apansi. Mankhwala omwewo amatenga ndikusunga mahomoni. Mu maola 24, muyenera kuchita mpaka ma jakisoni awiri. Kuzindikira kwakukulu kumafika patatha maola 24-36.
Pakati pagulu la mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi vuto lokhalitsa, ndikofunikira kuwunikira ma insulini opanda pake, chifukwa amachitapo kanthu mwachangu ndipo samayambitsa kusokoneza kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito. Mankhwala odziwika kuchokera pagululi akuphatikizapo Lantus ndi Levemir.
Ndalama zophatikizika zimachita theka la ola pambuyo pobayira. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zimatha maola 15. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa ndende kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mumankhwala.
Mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndi mankhwala kwa dokotala. Mu matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, jakisoni amatha kuchitidwa kuchipatala kapena kunja, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.
Kodi ndikadziwe chiyani za jakisoni wa matenda ashuga?
Katemera wa matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito syringes yapadera. Pamaso pawo pali zizindikiro zomwe zimazindikira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo.
Komabe, pakalibe ma syringes a insulin, syringes zothandizirana 2 ml zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma pankhaniyi, jakisoni amatha bwino motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.
Mbale zosavomerezeka ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji, ndi zotseguka kutentha kwa firiji, popeza kuzizira kumafooketsa mphamvu ya mahomoni. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kupatsidwa jakisoni mu:
- ntchafu
- phewa
- m'mimba.
Komabe, kunyowa kwabwinobwino kumachitika ngati jakisoni wapangidwa m'mimba, momwe machitidwe ake amayenda kwambiri. Koma malowa asinthidwe, kuchoka pamalo a jekeseni womaliza ndi masentimita awiri. Kupatula apo, zisindikizo zimayamba kupanga pakhungu.
Musanayambe njirayi, sambani m'manja ndi sopo. Malo oyambitsa ndi chivundikiro chomata chimapukutidwa ndi mowa (70%).
Nthawi zambiri, mpweya wochepa umalowa mu syringe nthawi yodzaza, yomwe ingakhudze pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire malangizo owongolera njira yoyenera.
Choyamba, zisoti zimachotsedwa mu syringe, kenako mpweya womwe umasonkhanitsidwa mkatimo muyeso wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin. Kenako, singanoyo imayikidwa mu vial ndi mankhwalawo, ndipo mpweya wodziunjikira umamasulidwa. Izi sizimalola kuti phukusi lipangike m'botolo.
Syringe imayenera kugwidwa molunjika, kuikanikiza pang'ono ndi chala chaching'ono. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito piston, ndikofunikira kujambula mu syringe magawo 10 kuposa momwe akufunira.
Pambuyo pa piston, wothandizirayo amatsanuliranso m'botolo, ndipo singano imachotsedwa. Poterepa, syringe iyenera kukhala yowongoka.
Nthawi zambiri ndi matenda a shuga amapangira jakisoni wa astral oris. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kusowa kwa kufunika kodzaza syringe ndi zovuta pakulamulira kwa mankhwalawa.
Ngati Protafan insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yodzazira syringe imasiyana pang'ono. Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi nthawi yotha kuchitapo kanthu, amapezekanso m'mabotolo.
NPH-insulin ndi chinthu chowoneka bwino ndi mtundu wa imvi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, botolo lomwe lili ndi chipangizocho liyenera kugundidwa kuti igawire matope m'madzimawo. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira za mankhwalawa sizingakhalire bwino.
Singano imamizidwa mumtsuko ndi mankhwalawo monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Zitachitika izi, vial iyenera kumenyedwa nthawi 10 ndipo mankhwalawo amayenera kutengedwa mu syringe kwambiri. Madzi owonjezera akathiridwa m'mbale, syringe imachotsedwa.
Momwe mungabayire
Musanapange jakisoni wa matenda a shuga a 2, muyenera kukonza botolo la mankhwala ndi 70% ya mowa. Muyeneranso kupukuta dera lomwe thupi lanu limapangira jakisoni.
Khungu liyenera kupindika ndi zala zanu kuti mutengeko, komwe muyenera kuyika singano. Insulin imayendetsedwa ndikanikizira wopangayo. Koma simuyenera kuchotsa singano yomweyo, chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kutayikira. Pankhaniyi, fungo la Metacrestol lidzamveka.
Komabe, musabwezeretsenso mankhwalawa. Ndikofunika kungoona kutayika m'dongosolo lodziletsa. Ngakhale mita ikuwonetsa kuti shuga ndi wokwera, kubwezerera kumafunikirabe pokhapokha mphamvu ya insulin itatha.
Malo omwe khungu limapangidwira jakisoni amatha kutuluka magazi. Kuti muchepetse madontho a magazi m'thupi ndi zovala, kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide kumalimbikitsa.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa insulin ya matenda ashuga, jakisoni a Actovegin ndi vitamini B (jekeseni wa intramuscular kapena subcutaneous) nthawi zambiri amaloledwa. Zotsirizazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zovuta mankhwala a polyneuropathy. Actovegin ndiyofunikira vuto la matenda ashuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi IM, iv kapena amatengedwa pakamwa.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti njira ya i / m yoyendetsera sikuti siyosiyana ndi subcutaneous. Koma pankhani yomalizayi, simuyenera kuchita khungu.
Singano imayikidwira mbali yakumanja mu minofu ya minofu ku ¾. Pankhani ya njira yolowerera, njira yotere iyenera kuchitidwa ndi dokotala kapena namwino wodziwa ntchito. Koma jakisoni a iv samachitika kawirikawiri pomwe wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lalikulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi matenda a shuga a 2, thioctic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Itha kuyambitsidwa m'thupi mu / kukapanda kuleka kapena imatengedwa ngati mapiritsi.
Zoyenera kuchita kuti muchepetse mlingo wa insulin yomwe mumalandira?
Kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri kumabweretsa shuga wambiri, amene amafunika jakisoni wa insulin. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ambiri omwe amalowetsedwa kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hypoglycemia, yomwe imakhalanso ndi zovuta zake.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, chifukwa chomwe mankhwalawa amachepetsa. Komanso, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wolamulira bwino kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zakudya zomanga thupi ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mapuloteni, amenenso ali chinthu chopatsa thanzi, komanso mafuta azamasamba athanzi. Mu gulu la zomwe zaloledwa kukhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndi:
- tchizi
- nyama zodwala;
- mazira
- nsomba zam'nyanja;
- soya;
- ndiwo zamasamba, makamaka zobiriwira, koma osati mbatata, popeza zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri;
- mtedza
- kirimu ndi batala pang'ono;
- yogati yopanda mafuta komanso yogulitsa tchire.
Mbale, maswiti, zakudya zokhuthala, kuphatikiza masamba ndi zipatso, ziyenera kuchotsedwa muzakudya. M'pofunikanso kusiya kanyumba tchizi ndi mkaka wonse.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mapuloteni amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma ndi zochepa. Chifukwa chake, kudumphira koteroko kumatha kuzimitsidwa msanga, zomwe sizinganenedwe za chakudya chamafuta.
Zofunikanso m'moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amene safuna kudalira insulin uyenera kukhala masewera. Komabe, katundu ayenera kusankhidwa posamalira, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwapadera. Mutha kusambira, kuyendetsa njinga, tenisi kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Momwe mungayang'anire insulin adzakuwuzani ndikuwonetsa kanemayo munkhaniyi.
