Pochiza matenda a shuga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe amasiyana mu mawonekedwe awo a insulin, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa samasinthasintha nthawi zonse.
Mtundu uliwonse wa insulin uli ndi nthawi yake komanso zochita zake. Dokotala amawona insulin yomwe amakonda
Njira ya jekeseni wa insulin isanayambike, ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu ya insulini komanso momwe amakhudzira thupi la wodwalayo.
Mankhwala a insulin
Zikondazo zimabisala pafupipafupi 35-50 magawo a insulin usana ndi usiku, izi ndi magawo 0.6-1.2 pa kilogalamu imodzi yakulemera kwa thupi. 1 unit ya insulin yofanana ndi ma microgs a 36 (mcg) kapena 0,036 mg.
Secaltion ya basal insulin imapereka glycemia ndi kagayidwe pakati pa chakudya komanso kugona. Mpaka 50% yopanga insulin tsiku lililonse imawerengeredwa ndi basal insulin.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za insulin ndikutuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mutatha kudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asamagwidwe "atatha kudya" komanso kulowetsedwa kwa chakudya. Kuchuluka kwa insulin yazakudya pafupifupi ndendende ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.
Kupanga kwa insulin kumasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Kufunika kwa timadzi timeneti kumakhala kukwera m'mawa, kuyambira pafupifupi 4 m'mawa, kenako kumayamba kuchepa.
Nthawi ya kadzutsa, magawo a 1.5-2,5 a insulin amapangidwira 12 g wa chakudya.
Zipinda za 1.0-1.2 ndi 1.1-1.3 zimasungidwa kwa chakudya chofanana tsiku ndi tsiku.
Gulu la insulin
Poyamba, insulin yazomwe nyama idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakupita kwa zaka, asayansi adatha kupeza mahomoni awa mwachembere kwambiri. Mu 1983, insulin yochita kupanga idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zamankhwala, ndipo insulin ya nyama idaletsedwa.
Njira yopangira mankhwalawa ndikuyika zida za jini m'maselo a non-pathogenic of E. coli kapena yisiti. Pambuyo podziwonetsera, mabakiteriya nawonso amatulutsa timadzi timeneti.
Ma insulini amakono amasiyanasiyana pokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a amino acid. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa, awa ndi:
- zachikhalidwe
- monopic,
- monocomponent.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya chakudya kapena insulin yochepa:
- Insulin yochepa: Biogulin R, Actrapid NM, Monodar, Humodar R, Actrapid MS, Monosuinsulin MK,
- Ultrashort insulin: Insulin Glulisin (Apidra), Insulin Lizpro (Humalog).
Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali kapena mankhwala oyambira amakhala osokoneza bongo pakatikati. Mwa zina wamba:
- insulin isophane,
- insulin zinc ndi ena.
Pali mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza ma insulin othamanga komanso mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali - ma insulin osakanikirana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a insulin a 2 shuga.
Ma insulin osakanikirana amaphatikizidwanso pochiza matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga.
Ultrashort insulin
Nthawi zina, insulin ya insulin ndi mtundu wa uinjiniya womwe umayamba kugwira ntchito ukangolowetsedwa m'thupi la munthu, izi ndizofunikira chifukwa cha encephalopathy. Zochitazo zimawonjezeka, nthawi zambiri pakatha ola limodzi ndi theka ndipo zimatha mpaka maola anayi.
Ultrashort insulin imayendetsedwa pokhapokha chakudya kapena isanachitike. Mtunduwu ukuphatikiza:
- Insulin apidra,
- Watsopano Watsopano
- Insulin Humalog.
Zotsatira za insulin yamtunduwu zimadziwika kwa ambiri odwala matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa utsogoleri zitha kuwonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo kapena sizikuwoneka konse. Zikachitika, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Ndi mitundu iti ya insulin yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kwambiri, dokotala amasankha chilichonse.
Zotsatira zake zimatengera momwe wodwalayo alili, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso zigawo zomwe zilipo.
Insulin yochepa
Insulin yochepa kapena yosavuta imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 20-30. Chimakula kwa maola 2-3 mutatha kuperekera mankhwalawa, ndipo nthawi yonse ya kuchitapo ndi maola 5-6.
Insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachidule imaperekedwa musanadye, muyenera kupumira pakati pakubayidwa ndi kudya kwa mphindi 10-15.
Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yazakudya idayenderana ndi nthawi yayitali ya chinthu. Zosinthidwa, kusinthidwa ma genetin, ma insulin afupiafupi okhala ndi zovuta zazing'ono ndi:
- Insulan Actrapid,
- Humulin Nthawi Zonse "ndi ena.
Pakufunsa chifukwa chomwe izi kapena insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, dokotala wopezekapo amayenera kuyankha.
Mlingo wa insulini umatsimikizika potengera zomwe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amachita.
Insulin Yapakatikati
Mukamaphunzira mitundu ya insulini, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ziyenera kuchitika. Izi ndi insulin, zomwe zimatenga maola 12-14.
Insulin yapakatikati sifunikira kuposa jakisoni 1-2 patsiku. Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni amachitidwa ndi nthawi ya maola 8-12, amathandizira pambuyo maola awiri ndi atatu. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imachitika chifukwa chokulirapo thupi lathu. Insulin yapakatikati sikuti ndi mtundu wothandizira zokha, komanso umapangidwira.
Kuchuluka kwake kumamveka pambuyo pa maola 6-8. Ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito pakati
- Protafan
- Insulan Humulin NPH,
- Humodar br ndi ena.
Ndani mwa iwo ati agwiritse ntchito bwino ndipo chifukwa, adokotala asankha, kutengera mbiri yachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa ndizosowa komanso pambuyo pake.
About gawo lina
Insulin imatha kudziwika potengera magawidwe ena. Kugawikaku kumachitika ndi zomwe zimachokera pazinthuzi.
Katundu wotchedwa ng'ombe amapezeka kuchokera ku kapamba ka ng'ombe. Thupi limakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe aumunthu, thupi limakumana ndi zovuta zonse. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo:
- Ultralente.
- Insulrap GPP.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi a insulin.
Gawo la nkhumba litha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zamtunduwu zimasiyana ndi insulin yaumunthu m'magulu amodzi amino acid, omwe amathanso kuyambitsa zovuta.
Analogue ina ya chinthu ndi ma genetic komanso uinjiniya. Zigawozi zimatengedwa motere:
- gawo laumunthu linapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli,
- kutembenuka kwa nkhumba ndi amino acid.
Chifukwa chomwe izi kapena njira iyi ilili bwinoko imatha kupezeka pokhapokha njira zingapo.
Zinthu zomwe zili zofanana ndi insulin ya anthu ndizophatikiza:
- Insulin Novorapid,
- Khalid
- Lantus ndi ena.
Gulu lotsiriza lili ndi fanizo lamakono la insulin, lomwe limaphatikizapo mawonekedwe ake a uinjiniya, omwe amachokera ku chibadwa komanso chinthu cha munthu. Insulin yosakanikirana imawerengedwa ngati yoyenera kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga, popeza mawonekedwe owoneka ndi zotsatira zoyipa amachepetsa. Izi zimatheka chifukwa palibe mapuloteni.
Kugawikaku kumapereka mpata wopanga mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chingagwire bwino ntchito iliyonse.
Hormone antagonist insulin
Wotsutsa aliyense wa gawo la insulin amapereka shuga ochulukirapo. Akhoza kukhala achitapo kanthu.
Ma anti-mahomoni ofanana ndi zinthu zotere, mwachitsanzo, Sinamlbumin, adapangidwa.
Glucagon iyenera kuzindikiridwa ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- adrenaline
- cortisol
- corticosteroid
- somatotrapin,
- mahomoni ogonana
- mahomoni azitroedny.
Gululi lili ndi insulin yogwiritsira ntchito, ndiye chida chatsopano kwambiri cha matenda ashuga.
Malangizo
Mwa mankhwala onse omwe amapezeka, muyenera kusankha omwe amayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa ndi zoyipa. Ndalama zotere ndizoyenera kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.
Ma insulini azinyama samakonda kwambiri chifukwa ali ndi mapuloteni akunja. Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muwerenge mosamala zilembo zomwe zalembedwa. MS ndi gawo limodzi, loyeretsa kwambiri insulin. NM ndi analogue ya insulin ya anthu.
Manambala "100" kapena "50" akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magulitsidwe a insulini 1 ml. Ngati opitilira zana - iyi ndi insulin yambiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kukhala ndi cholembera chomwe jakisoni wa insulini umachitika.
Njira yakale yothandizira kuperekera insulin ndi jakisoni imakhala ndi zovuta zingapo, kuyambira pakufunika kuyamba kwa insulin, mpaka kumapeto kwa mantha a jekeseni. Asayansi akupanga njira zomwe mungalowe ndi insulin yosavuta kapena nthawi ina iliyonse yochitapo kanthu.
Orulin insulin ndikutukuka kolimbikitsa, mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri. Njira yake ndiyabwino chifukwa palibe chifukwa chobayira jakisoni kamodzi patsiku kapena kuposerapo.
Insulin ya mkamwa, yomwe munthu amalandila ndi chakudya, imayambitsa shuga kulowa m'magazi. Pamene ndende ya shuga ikachuluka, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito ndikupanga insulin. Pamodzi ndi zogaya, insulin imafika m'chiwindi. Chiwalochi chimagwira ngati gawo lomwe limagawira insulin mokwanira mu ziwalo zina.
Poganizira mitundu ya insulin ndi zotsatira zake, titha kunena za chakudya, makamaka masamba ndi zipatso. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zinthu izi zimapangitsa mtundu wa insulin kulowa mthupi la munthu.
Thandizani shuga wochepa:
- Zipatso za malalanje
- Tomato
- kiwi
- makangaza
- mapeyala
- zukini
- masamba a mabulosi
- Yerusalemu artichoke
- mapeyala
- mapeyala.
Kuchuluka kwa insulin:
- nsomba zamtundu wina,
- nyemba
- chokoleti
- buledi
- mbatata.
Insulin yomwe idatha ntchito sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Onani malamulo osungira a mankhwalawo. Insulin yochulukirapo ikhoza kusokoneza kuyenda koyenera ndipo imayambitsanso:
- thukuta
- kufooka
- kugwedezeka
- kukokana
- kwa ndani.
Insulin iyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 2-8 pamalo amdima, koma osazizira. Pamatenthedwe, thunthu limasungabe mawonekedwe ake a aseptic komanso achilengedwe.
Kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa kuphatikiza kwamankhwala. Ngati insulin ili ndi mitambo, ndiye kuti siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi, monga lamulo, zimawonedwa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu pamodzi ndikugwedezeka.
Ngati mankhwalawo adakundidwa kamodzi, ndiye kuti sangagwiritsenso ntchito. Zopezeka zilizonse komanso zomata pazoyimitsidwa zimawonetsa kuti ndikosayenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Mosasamala kanthu kuti chinthucho chili m'gulu la zosavuta kapena kuphatikiza insulin, mankhwalawa amayenera kusungidwa kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, kufikira atatupa. Izi zikachitika, chinthucho sichingagwiritsenso ntchito.
Insulin imayikidwa ndi dokotala kapena endocrinologist. Ngati pali kulemala, ndiye kuti pali zabwino zina.
Zambiri zamitundu ya insulin zitha kupezeka ndikuwona kanema munkhaniyi.
