Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe maselo amtunduwu amakhudzidwira ndi timadzi ta m'magazi;
Phunziro lotere limaloledwa muubwana (kuyambira zaka 14) komanso akuluakulu, okalamba komanso amayi oyembekezera omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.
Pokhala njira yosavuta yodziwitsira matenda, kuyeserera kwa shuga kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi. Kodi zimachitika bwanji? Tidzamvetsetsa.
Kodi ndiyenera kuyesedwa liti?
Chifukwa matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri, WHO imalimbikitsa kwambiri kuyesa shuga ndi insulin kawiri pachaka.
Zochitika zoterezi zimateteza munthu ku zotsatira zoyipa za "matenda okoma", omwe nthawi zina amakula mwachangu popanda zizindikiro zotchulidwa.
Ngakhale, kwenikweni, chithunzi chachipatala cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndiochulukirapo. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi polyuria ndi ludzu losatha.
Njira ziwiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa impso, zomwe zimasefa magazi, kumasula thupi ku mitundu yonse ya poizoni, kuphatikiza shuga wambiri.
Pakhoza kukhalanso zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga, ngakhale atakhala ochepa, zilembo zotsatirazi:
- kuwonda msanga;
- kumangokhalira kumva njala;
- kamwa yowuma
- kugwedezeka kapena miyendo;
- mutu ndi chizungulire;
- kugaya chakudya m'mimba (mseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kubala);
- kuwonongeka kwa zida zowonekera;
- kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- idachepetsa chidwi;
- kutopa ndi kukwiya;
- mavuto azakugonana;
- mwa akazi - kusamba kwamiseche.
Ngati zizindikirozi zikuwululidwa mwa inu nokha, munthu ayenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Nawonso, katswiriyo nthawi zambiri amawongolera kuti apange njira yowonetsera kukula kwa shuga. Ngati zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti pali boma lomwe limayambitsa matenda ashuga, dokotala amamuwuza kuti akayezetse nkhawa.
Ndi kafukufukuyu yemwe angathandize kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kulolera kwa glucose.
Zizindikiro ndi zotsutsana mu kafukufukuyu
Chiyeso chopsinjika chimathandizira kudziwa kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Chomwe chikuwunikira ndikuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kumaperekedwa kwa wodwala, ndipo atatha maola awiri amatenga magazi kuti apangidwenso. Pali ma cell a beta mu kapamba omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipangidwe. Mu matenda a shuga mellitus, 80-90% yama cell amakhudzidwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya maphunziro awa - amkati ndi pakamwa kapena pakamwa. Njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Njira iyi ya kagwiridwe ka shuga imagwira ntchito pokhapokha wodwala payekha sangathe kumwa madzi otsekemera. Mwachitsanzo, mukakhala ndi pakati kapena kukhumudwa m'mimba. Mtundu wachiwiri wamaphunziro ndikuti wodwalayo ayenera kumwa madzi okoma. Monga lamulo, 100 mg ya shuga imatsitsidwa mu 300 ml ya madzi.
Kodi ndi dokotala ziti zomwe angafotokozere za mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga? Mndandanda wawo sunali wocheperako.
Kusanthula ndi katundu kumachitika ndi kukayikira:
- Type 2 shuga.
- Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
- Matenda a shuga.
- Metabolic syndrome.
- Prediabetesic boma.
- Kunenepa kwambiri.
- Pancreatic ndi adrenal gland dysfunctions.
- Kusokonezeka kwa chiwindi kapena pituitary gland.
- Njira zosiyanasiyana za endocrine.
- Kusokonezeka kwa kulolera kwa shuga.
Komabe, pali zotsutsana zina zomwe machitidwe a kafukufukuyu amayenera kukhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- yotupa njira mu thupi;
- general malaise;
- Matenda a Crohn ndi zilonda zam'mimba;
- zovuta za kudya pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni pamimba;
- kwambiri hemorrhagic sitiroko;
- kutupa kwa ubongo kapena kugunda kwa mtima;
- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera;
- kukula kwa acromegaly kapena hyperthyroidism;
- kudya kwa acetosolamide, thiazides, phenytoin;
- kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids ndi ma steroids;
Kuphatikiza apo, phunziroli liyenera kukhazikitsidwa posakhalitsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magnesium ndi calcium m'thupi.
Kukonzekera mayesowo
Kuti mupeze zotsimikizika zodalirika, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungakonzekere zopereka zamagazi kwa shuga. Choyamba, osachepera masiku atatu musanayesedwe ndi shuga, simuyenera kukana zakudya zokhala ndi michere. Ngati wodwalayo anyalanyaza chakudya, mosakayikira zimakhudza zotsatira za kusanthula kwake, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, simungadandaule ngati chinthu china chili ndi 150g kapena zopatsa mphamvu zowonjezera.
Kachiwiri, musanamwe magazi kwa masiku osachepera atatu, ndizoletsedwa kumwa mankhwala enaake. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulera kwapakamwa, glucocorticosteroids, ndi thiazide diuretics. Ndipo maola 15 musanayesedwe ndi katundu ndioletsedwa kumwa mowa ndi chakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, thanzi lonse la wodwalayo limakhudza kudalirika kwa zotsatira zake. Ngati munthu wachita ntchito yolimbitsa thupi tsiku loti lisanachitike kusanthula, zotsatila za kafukufukuyu sizingakhale zabodza. Chifukwa chake, asanatenge magazi, wodwalayo amafunika kugona tulo tabwino. Ngati wodwala akuyenera kuwunikira atasinthana usiku, ndibwino kuchedwetsa mwambowu.
Tisaiwale za mkhalidwe wama psycho-nkhawa: kupsinjika kumakhudzanso zochita za metabolic mthupi.
Kuganizira zotsatira za phunziroli
Dokotala atalandira zotsatira za mayeso ndi katundu m'manja, amatha kumdziwitsa wodwalayo.
Nthawi zina, ngati katswiri akukayikira, amawongolera wodwalayo kuti ayambiranso.
Kuyambira 1999, WHO yakhazikitsa njira zina zoyeserera za kulolera kwa glucose.
Zomwe zili pansipa zimakhudzana ndi kukhathamiritsa magazi kwa chala ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
| Pamimba yopanda kanthu | Pambuyo kumwa madzi ndi shuga | |
| Norm | kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l | zosakwana 7.5 mmol / l |
| Matenda a shuga | kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6.0 mmol / l | kuyambira 7.6 mpaka 10,9 mmol / l |
| Matenda a shuga | zopitilira 6.1 mmol / l | oposa 11.0 mmol / l |
Ponena za zizindikiro zoyenera za shuga m'magazi a venous, ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi mfundo zomwe tatchulazi.
Gome lotsatirali limapereka zisonyezo.
| Pamimba yopanda kanthu | Pambuyo kumwa madzi ndi shuga | |
| Norm | kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l | zosakwana 7.8 mmol / l |
| Matenda a shuga | kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6.0 mmol / l | kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.0 mmol / l |
| Matenda a shuga | zopitilira 6.1 mmol / l | zopitilira 11.1 mmol / l |
Kodi insulin imakhala yotani musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi? Dziwani kuti zizindikirazi zingasiyane pang'ono kutengera ndi momwe Laborator akuphunzirira. Komabe, zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimawonetsa kuti zonse zili mu dongosolo la carbohydrate metabolism mwa munthu ndi izi:
- Insulin musanatsatse: 3-17 μIU / ml.
- Insulin pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (pambuyo maola 2): 17.8-173 μMU / ml.
Wodwala aliyense mwa 9 pa 10 alionse amene amadziwa za matenda opatsirana a shuga amayamba kuchita mantha. Komabe, simungakhumudwe. Mankhwala amakono samayima pakali pano ndipo akupanga njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi matendawa. Zigawo zazikulu zakuchira bwino zimakhalabe:
- mankhwala a insulin komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala;
- kuyang'anira pafupipafupi glycemia;
- kukhalabe ndi moyo wogwira ntchito, ndiye kuti, muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi a matenda amtundu uliwonse;
- kudya mokwanira.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndikusanthula koyenera komwe kumathandiza kudziwa osati phindu la shuga, komanso insulini komanso osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati malamulo onse atsatiridwa, wodwalayo amalandira zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokoza momwe angakonzekerere mayeso.
