Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, amachititsa zovuta zamafuta, chakudya chamafuta ndi mapuloteni. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pathological ziyenera kufunidwa pakukula kosakwanira kwa insulini ya mahomoni ndi mphamvu zake zosakwanira m'thupi la munthu. Insulin imapangidwa ndi ma bullets apadera a ma Langerhans a kapamba, ndikofunikira kuti malowedwe amkati a glucose akhale m'maselo a thupi, malamulo a glycemia.
Mwachidule, matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe kapamba sangathe kupereka kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena mahomoni ena osakhala bwino. Pazifukwa izi, shuga akhoza kukhala amitundu iwiri: yoyamba, yachiwiri. Mu 2017, pali odwala ochulukirapo a shuga, ndipo ambiri mwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi azungu.
Nthawi zambiri, shuga wamagazi a anthu amachokera ku 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, atatha kudya sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L, popeza zikondwerero zimatulutsa insulin m'magazi. Shuga ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, mthupi la munthu mumapezeka mtundu wina wopanda kanthu. Mwazi umanyamula glucose ku ziwalo zonse, ziwalo za thupi ndi minofu, kupereka mphamvu zofunika.
Ndi kuchepa msanga kwa shuga, kulowa kwake m'maselo aanjere sikokwanira, chingwe cha msana ndi ubongo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kuchepa shuga, ndipo kuphwanya kumachitika.
Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, WHO yakhazikitsa malingaliro othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, malamulo ngati amenewa amathandizira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, malinga ndi ziwerengero, malangizo nthawi zina amachepetsa zizindikiro zoopsa za matendawa.
Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi insulin chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe amtunduwu amapezeka mwa achinyamata, amapatsa zizindikiro: polyuria, kuchepa thupi, kukula kwa ketosis, ludzu lalikulu.
Komabe, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amatha kuchitika pa nthawi iliyonse, kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Ndi matenda a shuga a autoimmune akuluakulu, kuperewera kwa insulin kumakula pakapita zaka. Odwala omwe amapanga ma pancreatic beta-cell autoantibodies, chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda osokoneza bongo kapena kukula kwake kwapang'onopang'ono kumaonedwa.
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amadziwika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maselo a beta, omwe amadziwika ndi kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana, kumangokhala. Poyamba, mapangidwe a insulini amakhala ndi vuto, lomwe limayambitsa matenda a postprandial hyperglycemia. Pambuyo pa izi, kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia kumachitika.
Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa odwala okalamba, pafupifupi 90% ya odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi nthendayi. Pamene kunenepa kwambiri kufalikira, madokotala amati:
- wachichepere asanayambike matenda a shuga 2;
- chiwonetsero choyambirira cha matendawa.
Pali mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga - gestational, umayamba mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 chikuwonjezereka mwa azimayi omwe anali ndi vuto la shuga m'magazi atanyamula mwana.
Mitundu ina yapadera yamatendawa: matenda amodzi omwe amasintha, matenda ashuga, shuga kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
National Register of Diabetes imangotsimikizira izi.
Kodi zingakhale zovuta ziti
Monga momwe zidadziwikira kalekale, ngozi sikugona ndi matenda omwewa, koma zovuta zake, ndipo zovuta zina zathanzi zimatha kukhala zovuta mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amadandaula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka msanga kwa kukumbukira zinthu, kusokoneza ubongo, kusintha thupi.
World Health Organisation (WHO) imati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga posakhalitsa amatha kusokoneza momwe amagwirira ntchito urogenital, azimayi omwe ali ndi msambo amatha kusokonezeka msambo, mkazi amatha kubereka, ndipo bambo amatha kubereka.
Vuto lowopsa la matendawa lidzakhala kuchepa kwamasomphenya, kutayika kwake konse komanso khungu sizingalephereke. Ndi kusokonezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, mavuto akulu amayamba ndi mano, mkamwa, khungu, chiwindi, impso. Wodwala posakhalitsa amasiya kumva kutentha ndi kutentha kochepa, kupweteka kwamitundumitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakale la shuga
- kuyanika kwambiri pakhungu;
- mawonekedwe a zilonda, ming'alu ndi zotupa zina pakhungu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kayendedwe ka magazi kamakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, zotanuka zamagazi zimatayika. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, patapita zaka, malekezero otsika amakhala opunduka, mavuto akulu amapezeka mbali ya mtima. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa magazi, pali chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'mimba, matenda am'mimba, ndipo chifukwa - kumadulidwa kwamiyendo. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika ndikupanga shuga woyamba kapena wachiwiri kwa amuna okulirapo kuposa 50.
Ngati kuli kovuta kupewa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kupewa matenda amtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa bungwe la WHO lapereka malangizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso kwa odwala omwe akufuna kupewa kupitirira kwa matenda a matenda am'mimba. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la glycemia komanso kuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi, izi zimachitika:
- ndi chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho;
- ndi matenda a kapamba.
Mutha kudziteteza ku matenda a shuga a 2 ngati mungatsatire malangizo onse a madokotala.
Njira zopewera matenda ashuga
Ngati mumangotaya zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia, zomwe munthu sangathe kuzisintha, ndiye kuti zingatheke kupewa matenda ashuga pafupifupi 99% ya milandu. Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti odwala amayesa kuchepetsa thupi ngati pali zochuluka.
Ngati muchepa thupi ndi zosachepera 5 kilogalamu, mutha kupewetsa matenda pofika 70%.
Madokotala amalangiza anthu kuti azitsatira moyo wathanzi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa njira zotere nthawi zonse zimakhala zopindulitsa.
Zitha kukhala zokwanira tsiku lililonse:
- kuyenda kwakutali;
- kukwera njinga;
- kuthamanga.
Katundu wotere amalimbitsa zida zathupi zam'mimba, komanso zimathandizira kuti ziwonetsero zamagulu zikhale bwino. Madokotala amatsimikizira kuti njira zomwe zafotokozedwazi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 patsiku kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi shuga ndi 80%.
Mukamayenda, kukhathamiritsa kwa insulin ya mahomoni kumayenda bwino, kumalowa mkati mwa maselo. Chifukwa chake, kudzikundikira kwa glucose kumaphwasulidwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi gluing makoma amitsempha yamagazi.
Njira inanso yomwe yalimbikitsidwa ndi WHO (World Health Division) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zosapsa. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito chakudya chotere, muyenera kuzolowera momwe zimapangidwira, pezani index ya glycemic, shuga. Pali maupangiri ena a odwala matenda ashuga momwe angapewere matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zake.
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri kungathandize kupewe kusiya chizolowezi chodya zakudya zosavuta, chifukwa chakudya chotere sichingovulaza. Ndikofunikanso kupatula:
- chakudya chofulumira
- mitundu yonse ya zakudya zamzitini;
- zinthu zina zamafakitale.
Zimafunika kusiya nyama yamafuta, ndikuisintha nkhuku, ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira. Madokotala amati kulumikizana pakati pa shuga ndi nyama zamafuta kuyenera kufunidwa mu cholesterol yowonjezera. Pokhapokha zinthuzi m'magazi, zimatha kukhala bwino komanso kupewa matenda ashuga.
Cinnamon imathandiza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kutha kwake kwatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ambiri asayansi. Kwa iwo omwe amamwa sinamoni, kuthekera kwa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kusintha kwamatenda a glycemic kutsika pafupifupi 10%. Zotsatira zabwino zoterezi zitha kufotokozedwa mosavuta ndi kukhalapo kwa puloteni yapadera pakupanga sinamoni, yomwe imakhudza thupi, komanso imathandizira kuti maselo azigwirizana bwino ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, kulimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala - ndikofunikira kuphatikiza sinamoni muzakudya kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga.
Ndikofunikanso kupumula nthawi zonse, kupeza nthawi yogona, komanso kupewa nkhawa, zomwe zingathandizenso wodwalayo. Ngati simutsatira lamulo lotere, thupi limayamba kudziunjikira mphamvu yankho, limangokhalira kuvutikira, kupweteka kwa munthuyo kumakulirakulira, mutu wake umapweteka, ndipo kukhumudwa kopanda tanthauzo kumatha. Njira yomwe akutsimikizirayo ndiyabwino kwambiri popewa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga odwala azaka zilizonse.
Kuthana ndi nkhawa kungakuthandizeni:
- makalasi a yoga (olimbitsa thupi adzadzutsa thupi, kukhazikitsa ntchito yoyenera);
- chitani chilichonse osathamangira (musanachite chilichonse chimasonyezedwa kupuma pang'ono ndi kupumira);
- kupatula nthawi yopuma (kamodzi pa sabata ndikofunika kuti muchotse tsiku popanda kuganizira mavuto).
Ndikofunikanso kugona mokwanira, kugona sikofunikira kwenikweni kwa munthu, ndi muyeso wabwino kwambiri kupewa matenda a shuga. Pafupifupi, muyenera kugona kuyambira maola 6 mpaka 8 patsiku, ngati munthu sagona mokwanira, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ukuwonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri. Komanso, kugona nthawi yayitali kumavulazanso, kugona nthawi yayitali kwa maola 8 patsiku kumakulitsa chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia nthawi katatu.
Kuyankhulana pafupipafupi ndi anthu am'banja kungathandize ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Madokotala azindikira kuti odwala omwe ali osungulumwa amakhala ndi vuto lochulukirapo, izi zimangokulitsa mkhalidwe wawo.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuyeza shuga wamagazi, zimachitika kuti matenda ashuga amapezeka mwanjira yaposachedwa, samapereka mawonekedwe. Kuti mudziwe zam'mbuyomu m'miyeso yoyambirira, muyenera kuchita zoyeserera za shuga.
Ndikwabwino kupereka magazi kamodzi pachaka.
Nutrition Diabetesic Workout
Mayendedwe okhudzana ndi shuga omwe adapangidwa ndi WHO akuwonetsa kukana zonama ndikugogomezera kufunika kodya zakudya zachilengedwe zochuluka. Liyenera kukhala masamba, zipatso, chimanga, nyama yokonda, nsomba, amadyera, ndi nyemba. Zatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza kuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chakudya chama protein kwambiri komanso chochepa kwambiri.
Malangizo apadera amaperekedwa okhudzana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, chakudya chopanda mafuta, mafuta a trans ambiri, zinthu zotere siziyenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya. Mpaka pano, palibe deta yodalirika pakuyenda bwino kwa antioxidants mwachitsanzo, vitamini E, C.
Odwala omwe amamwa mafuta ochulukirapo amaloledwa kutsatira zakudya za ku Mediterranean, chifukwa mafuta a monounsaturated amawongoleredwamo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunika kugawa michere motsatira mfundo iyi:
- mapuloteni - 10-20%;
- mafuta - osapitirira 35%;
- mafuta achilengedwe a polyunsaturated - osapitirira 10%.
Malangizo omwe ali pamwambawa a matenda a shuga si njira zonse zothanirana ndi matendawa. Kuti thupi likhale ndi shuga komanso magazi m'malo abwino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yotsitsa shuga. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a decoctions, tinctures. Zomera zoterezi zitha kukhala m'malo mwa mankhwala odwala a shuga.
Pakati pazomera zizitchedwa:
- masamba a mtedza ndi zipatso;
- elecampane;
- zipatso zamtchire;
- phulusa la kumapiri;
- mabuluni.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili ndi phindu pamkhalidwe wamthupi ndi glycemia, mbewu zimathandizira kuchiritsa thupi lonse.
Popeza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kutaya mafuta ochulukirapo. Ndi bwino kuti munthu azidya. Ngati pali chiyembekezo cha hyperglycemia, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kudya kwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, magawo a mkate.
Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni, chifukwa mafuta ochulukirapo komanso chakudya chamafuta amadzikundikira m'thupi ndipo amayamba kunenepa. Ndikofunikira kuiwala za zinthu zotere: zotsekemera, makeke, nyama zosuta, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Chakudya chiyenera kukhala choyenera, chokhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira.
Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kulimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonetsedwa, zimathandizira kukonza kwa insulin ya mahomoni, kuchepetsa matenda a glycemia ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo popanda maphunziro simungathe kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima.
Kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo, mwadongosolo kumakhala kofunikira, iwo amachepetsa shuga m'magulu a shuga ndi oyambira amtundu, amathandizira wodwala kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chikomokere, hyperglycemia, ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zovuta zamagazi. Maphunziro a nthawi yayitali amathandizira kuchepetsa mavuto a mtima.
Ngati muphatikiza maphunziro a Cardio ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kukwaniritsa zomwe zimatchulidwa kwambiri.
Malangizo ena kwa odwala matenda ashuga
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, WHO yapanga chitsogozo chamankhwala; chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri amathandizidwa mosiyanasiyana.
Poyamba, insulin imasonyezedwa tsiku lililonse, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso ndizofunikira kwambiri. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga sayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri Zakudya zawo, kuchuluka kwa zakudya, kuziwerengera m'magawo a mkate, kuyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga mellitus ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi kamvekedwe ka thupi, shuga wamagazi ochepa.
Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1, mankhwalawo amtundu wawo samapangidwa, motero sangakhale opanda mankhwala mosamalitsa. Insulin ikhoza kukhala yanyama kapena yamunthu, kuchokera ku nyama yabwino kwambiri imayenera kutchedwa insulin.
Komabe, posachedwa, ma insulin a anthu agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, amapezeka ndi kusintha kwa majini. Ubwino wa insulin ya anthu:
- Popeza pali zambiri zoyipa zimachitika mthupi;
- kulekerera kwabwino.
Pofuna kutengera momwe ntchito zachilengedwe zimapangidwira, makampani opanga mankhwala aphunzira kupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana: nthawi yayitali, ultrashort, yochepa, yowonjezera, ultralong.
Kuti zitheke, ma insulin afupiafupi ndi aatali amatulutsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana: mahomoni ofupikawo nthawi zonse amakhala owonekera, ndipo yayitali ndi yopanda mitambo.
Insulin yayifupi ikakhala mitambo, zimatanthawuza kuti yataya zinthu zake ndipo nzoletsedwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Zomwe zimapangitsa insulini kukonzekera
Malangizo othandizira odwala matenda ashuga amawongolera magwiritsidwe ntchito a insulin. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa monga Novorapid, Humalog (ultrashort insulins) amawonetsedwa kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha asanadye kapena atangomaliza kudya. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa wodwalayo, sizibweretsa chisokonezo.
Insulin yofupika yochepetsera mofulumira kwambiri mu hyperglycemia iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukangomaliza kudya chakudya chamafuta, imaperekedwa kwa theka la ola musanadye, popeza pambuyo pokhapokha nthawi iyi itayamba kugwira ntchito.
Kuchepa kwa insulin yocheperako kumadalira mphamvu ya mlingo, chokulirapo mlingo, umachepetsa. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa 4 mpaka 6 a mankhwalawa, amachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 15-30, kuchuluka kwambiri kumachitika pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndi theka. Mlingo wa magawo makumi awiri umagwira ntchito bwino pambuyo pa maola awiri, zotsatira zimatha pambuyo pa maola 4-6.
Popeza insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali imatsanzira kupangika kwa mahomoni aumunthu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi maola 12-14, imayendetsedwa kawiri: asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso asanagone. Kukonzekera koteroko kuli ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe:
- amanga insulin;
- imalepheretsa kulowa kwake m'magazi.
Palinso ma insulin omwe amatchedwa mapikisano apamwamba. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida chotere, palibe chifukwa choti jakisoni musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, popeza timadzi timene timayambitsa osakaniza ndi singano imodzi. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndalamazi ndizovuta kwambiri kumwa.
Mu kanema mu nkhaniyi, malingaliro oyambira a moyo wa matenda ashuwere amafotokozedwa.
